1、2020-2021学年高一英语牛津译林版(2020)必修第一册同步课时作业（11）Unit 4 Grammar usage & Integrated skills一、填空1.A woman _ (attack) and robbed by a gang of youths near the train station just now.2.Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _they live.3.To my anger, the thief stole everything in my purse, _(incl
2、ude) my credit card.4.We should protect our environment from being polluted _(enjoy) a blue sky and live a healthy life.5.He went to hospital to have a small _(operate) on his knee last week.6.Over the last few decades, economic globalization has c_ greatly to global growth.7.In a_ to his movie work
3、, Redford is known as a champion of environmental causes.8.My being unable to concentrate is starting to have a n_ effect on my study.9.Any _ (数量), great or small, will be appreciated.10. Every time we have a vote like this, it ratchets up the p_ , he said.11.Let this list, but not your_(时间表), be th
4、e ruler of your day.12.Speak from the heart about your feelings without a_ or blame.13.But the length of _ (治疗) depends on the problem.14.Not only that, but it also focuses your thoughts on the n_.15.It will remain an indelible stain on his _ (记忆).二、阅读理解 Whats your opinion on spicy food? Some people
5、 cannot handle even the smallest amount of the chili (辣椒) in their dinner while others cant get enough of it. Scientists have long been puzzled by why some people love chilies while others loathe them. Plenty of research has been done on the subject, dating as far back as the 1970s. Previous results
6、 showed that a love of chilies is related to childhood experiences, and cultural influences affect our taste buds, too. But the latest study has found that a persons love of spicy food may be linked to his or her personality more than anything else, CBC News reported. We have always assumed that lik
7、ing drives intake一we eat what we like and we like what we eat. But no one has actually directly bothered to connect these personality traits (特点) with the intake of chili peppers, said Professor John Hayes from Pennsylvania State University, who led the study. But before you look at the study, you s
8、hould first know that spicy is not a taste, unlike sour, sweet, bitter and salty. It is, in fact, a burning sensation that you feel on the surface of your tongue. This got scientists thinking that maybe a love of spicy food is brought about by peoples longing for thrills, something they usually get
9、from watching action movies or riding a roller coaster. In the study, 97 participants, both male and female, were asked to fill out questionnaires about certain traits of their personalities, for example, whether they like new experiences or tend to avoid risks. They were then given cups of water wi
10、th capsaicin, the plant chemical that makes chilies burn, mixed into them. By comparing the answers to the questionnaires and what participants said they felt about the spicy water, researchers found that those who were most tended to enjoy action movies or take risks were about six times more likel
11、y to enjoy the spicy water. Interestingly, we used to believe that the reason why some people can withstand spicy food is that their tongues have become less sensitive to it. However, this latest study has found otherwise. Its not that it doesnt burn as badly, but its that you actually learn to like
12、 the burn,explained Hayes.1.Whats the meaning of the underlined word loathe in the second paragraph?A.Dislike.B.Fear.C.Put up with.D.Adapt to.2.What did Professor John Hayes and his team discover from their study?A.What we eat actually helps to develop our personalities.B.Males are more likely to en
13、joy spicy food than females.C.Those trying to avoid risks tend to be less interested in spicy food.D.People are wrong to treat spicy as a kind of taste rather than a feeling.3.Why do some people like spicy food according to the recent study?A.Because their taste buds have become less sensitive.B.Bec
14、ause they love the burning sensation.C.Because they want to challenge themselves.D.Because the more they try spicy food, the less it burns.4.Whats the main idea of the passage?A.His or her parents diets decide his or her personality.B.The latest study shows whether a person enjoys spicy food largely
15、 depends his or her personality.C.His or her childhood experiences decide his or her personality.D.His or her cultural background decides his or her personality.三、语法填空 Developing table manners_(be) one of the earliest steps parents can take in teaching and showing good behavior to their children. Co
16、mpared with families that seldom eat together, families that eat together most days of the week tend to be _(healthy). Experts hold the belief_ teaching table manners can start when a child is eating independently out of the high chair or old enough to sit at the table. Table manners_(teach) in the
17、early stages include teaching kids to avoid reaching across the table, eating from their own plates, and saying please and thank you. Family meals provide good chances_(show) and teach good manners. Kids can be taught to politely say it when they dont like something. Also, young kids often cant sit
18、the whole meal, but can learn to properly dismiss_(they), rather than interrupt the meal. Besides, never correct manners in_ inappropriate way and explain to kids why you practice manners, such as why we chew_ our mouth closed. In_(add), everyone at the table should be allowed to be part of a positi
19、ve conversation. Keep it lighthearted and_(interest) and talk about positive things at the table.答案以及解析一1.答案：was attacked解析：句意为：一位女士在火车站附近遭到了一伙少年袭击和抢劫。主语A woman和attack之间构成被动关系且动作发生在过去，因此用was attacked。 2.答案：where解析：分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,指代先行词environment, 并在定语从句中作地点状语,因此填关系副词where.3.答案：including解析：考查介词。句意
20、:令我生气的是,小偷偷走了我钱包里的所有东西,包括我的信用卡。根据句意可知,这里表示包括在内,故填including。including sth.= sth. included。4.答案：to enjoy解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:我们应该保护我们的环境免受污染,以享受蓝天并过一种健康的生活。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。5.答案：operation解析：考查词形转换。句意:上周他去医院去给膝盖做了个小手术。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,空处应用名词,意为手术,故填operation。6.答案：contributed7.答案：addition8.答案：negative
21、9.答案：amount10.答案：pressure11.答案：schedule解析：12.答案：attack解析：13.答案：treatment解析：14.答案：negative解析：15.答案：memory解析： 二.答案：1-4:ACBB解析：1.词义猜测题。根据第二段中的Scientists have long been puzzled by why some people love chilies while others loathe them.可知科学家们对于为什么一些人很喜欢辣椒而其他人很不喜欢辣椒感到很困惑,根据while可知前后为对比关系,loathe与love为反义词,意为
22、不喜欢,所以A选项是正确的。2.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的researchers found that those who were most tended to enjoy action movies or take risks were about six times more likely to enjoy the spicy water可知,研究人员发现那些喜欢冒险的人更喜欢辣椒水,由此可知不喜欢冒险的人不喜欢辣味食物,所以C选项是正确的。3.细节理解题。根据第四段中的in fact,a burning sensation that you feel on the surface
23、of your tongue可知辣味的食物会给舌头带来燃烧的感觉,以及最后一段中的Its not that it doesnt burn as badly, but its that you actually learn to like the burn, explained Hayes.可知人们喜欢吃辣味食物是因为人们喜欢燃烧的感觉,所以B选项是正确的。4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知文章讲的是研究表明,人们喜欢吃辣味食物与一个人的个性有关,所以B选项是正确的。 三.答案：is; healthier; that; taught; to show; themselves; an; with; ad
24、dition; interesting解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。此处陈述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,且句子的主语是单个的动名词短语,因此应该填入is。考查比较级。此处是把经常在一起吃饭的家庭和很少在一起吃饭的家庭进行比较,因此应该填入所给词的比较级形式。考查同位语从句。此处是一个同位语从句,解释说明belief的内容,因此应该填入连接词that。考查非谓语动词。teach和句子的主语Table manners之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,故填taught。考查非谓语动词。chances to do sth.意为 做某事的机会 ,因此应该填入不定式形式。考查代词。此处指 小孩子可以学会恰当地自行离开 ,因此应该填入所给词的反身代词themselves。考查冠词。way在句中意为 方式;方法 ,为可数名词,此处表示 以一种不恰当的方式 , 且 inappropriate为元音音素开头,因此应该填入不定冠词an。考查介词。此处是with的复合结构with+名词+形容词,因此应该填入介词with。考查词性转换。in addition意为此外;而且, 为固定短语,因此应该填入所给词的名词形式。考查词性转换。设空处和lighthearted为并列关系,在句中作宾语补足语,且此处表示 有趣的 ,因此应该填入形容词interesting。