1、专 题 微 练考前6周 提分组合练第2周第1练 阅读理解主题练(历史、社会与文化类)4篇阅读理解1篇阅读七选五限时40分钟阅读理解A(2019龙岩二模)体裁：说明文 主题语境：社会与文化 难度：So youre going to the royal wedding.Lets review a checklist of everything youll need to know.What to wear at the ceremonyDid you get your fascinator yet?Thats a trick question because you probably dont e
2、ven know what a fascinator is.Royal dress code etiquette(礼仪)states that women must wear hats for formal events,and fascinators are the preferred accessory(配饰).These funny hats boast a large decorative design.If you havent packed one,no worries.Simply glue a cabbage to the side of your head.No one wi
3、ll be the wiser,and you could always snack on your fascinator should the wedding ceremony dragon.Gentlemen are expected to wear morning coats and top hats.Royals will likely wear their military uniforms.Meeting the royalsMen,when greeting the royals,a simple bow will do.Not so low that it looks as i
4、f youre examining the carpet for any medals they might have dropped.This is a slight neck bow.Women perform a curtsy(屈膝礼).Simply put one leg behind the other,bend your knees,bow your head slightlyand fall over because youve never done this before.Chatting up the queenThe first rule of talking to the
5、 queen:Dont talk.That is,unless spoken to.If she does start a conversation and you find youve run out of interesting stuff to discuss after“Hello”，break the ice with a joke.“Hey,why did the queen go to the dentist？”“To get her teeth crowned！”DiningEvery meal begins and ends with the queen.You cant s
6、tart eating until she starts,and you stop when she stops.The queen doesnt appear to be a large eater,so you should wolf down your food in case she should push the plate away after a few bites.When dining,the royals hold knives in their right hand and forks in their left with the tines facing down.Sh
7、ould they spill(撒落)even a pea,they drop one spot in the royal line of succession.【语篇解读】本文介绍了参加王室婚礼的礼仪，涉及着装、行礼、聊天和用餐问题。好词积累 fall over 跌倒；break the ice 打破僵局1What do women prefer for the royal wedding?A.Morning coats.B.Military uniforms.C.Hats with fascinators.D.Cabbages.答案与解析 C 细节理解题。根据What to wear at
8、 the ceremony部分中的“Royal dress code etiquette(礼仪)states that women must wear hats for formal events,and fascinators are the preferred accessory(配饰)”可知，王室着装礼仪要求女士在正式场合必须戴帽子，并且帽子上要有装饰，故C项正确。2What behaviour is proper at the ceremony?A.Performing a deep bow or curtsy.B.Finishing the meal with the queen.C
9、.Chatting with the queen freely.D.Dropping a pea while eating.答案与解析 B 细节理解题。根据Dining部分中的“Every meal begins and ends with the queen.”可知，每顿餐宴都是女王最先开始和最后结束用餐的，故B项正确。3What is the main writing characteristic of the text?A.Humorous.B.Serious.C.Plain.D.Official.答案与解析 A 推理判断题。根据What to wear at the ceremony部
10、分中的“Simply glue a cabbage to the side of your head.No one will be the wiser,and you could always snack on your fascinator should the wedding ceremony drag on.”作者建议读者在头上顶着一颗洋白菜，饿了可以吃，以免婚礼时间太长。根据Meeting the royals部分中的“Not so low that it looks as if youre examining the carpet for any medals they might
11、have dropped.”可知，如果你鞠躬太深的话给人的印象就好像你在找别人掉落在地毯上的勋章一样。由此推知，文章的写作风格主要是幽默风趣的。故A项正确。humorous“幽默的”；serious“严肃的”；plain“平淡的”；official“官方的；正式的”。B(2019厦门二模)体裁：记叙文 主题语境：历史、社会与文化 难度：When the cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris(巴黎圣母院)was on fire,it seemed as if the nation had lost a piece of its soul.A similar trage
12、dy took place in 19th century Russia.And the rebuilding effort of the Russians might offer some inspiration for the French.Standing in the heart of the Russian capital,with 60,000 square meters of floor space and 1,500 rooms,the Winter Palace was among the worlds grandest building.On Dec.17,1837,a f
13、ire broke out at the Winter Palace.By the morning of Dec.19,only the structures framework remained.For the czar(沙皇),the fire presented a political challenge.Fearing that Russias enemies would cast the fire as a blow to the czarist orders,the czars supporters quickly worked together to shape the desc
14、ription of the fire in Russia and abroad.They wanted the country to appear united.And they certainly didnt want despair to become the story.The first full account of the fire was written in French by the poet Petr Viazemskii.A Russian translation appeared two months later.That text and others painte
15、d a highly idealized picture of the response to the tragedy.The accounts noted that the czar forcefully directed the fires containment.Soldiers were selfless to save the palace.The Russian people felt the loss just as deeply as the czar.To erase the shame of the fire,the czar set a nearly impossible
16、 goal:rebuild the palace within 15 months,and he ordered that rebuilt palace look exactly as it had before.Thousands of workers labored on the construction site.They made rapid progress.On Match 25,1839,the czar celebrated the rebirth of the Winter Palace.Outwardly identical to the old version,the n
17、ew palace featured more iron and brick in its structuresand less wood.It was far less fire-prone than the original.Notre Dame hasnt experienced the same level of destruction as the Winter Palace.If the Russian phoenix of 1839 is any indication,there is hope that a renewed Notre Dame will once again
18、grace the banks of the Seine.【语篇解读】由巴黎圣母院着火的事情，作者想到了俄罗斯冬宫也曾经历过失火后重新修建的故事。1837年冬宫失火，烧得只剩下了框架。沙皇怕这场火影响自己的统治地位，一边稳定人心，一边在15个月内重新修建了冬宫。以史为鉴，也许巴黎圣母院也将会重新屹立在塞纳河畔。好词积累 secure ones power 巩固某人的统治；identical to 和相同4What do we know about the fire in the Winter Palace?A.It burnt down 60,000 rooms.B.It lasted mor
19、e than 24 hours.C.It was set by Russias enemies.D.It completely destroyed the palace.答案与解析 B 细节理解题。由文章第二段中的“On Dec.17,1837,a fire broke out at the Winter Palace.By the morning of Dec.19,only the structures framework remained.”可知，冬宫1837年12月17日着火，直到12月19日早上火才灭掉，冬宫只剩下了框架。所以大火持续了一天一夜多。故B项正确。5Why did the
20、 czar decide to rebuild the palace in a short time?A.To secure his power.B.To challenge his enemies.C.To unite French people.D.To celebrate his birthday.答案与解析 A 细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“For the czar(沙皇),the fire presented a political challenge.Fearing that Russias enemies would cast the fire as a blow to the
21、czarist orders.”可知，对于沙皇来说，这场火意味着一个政治挑战。害怕俄罗斯的敌人将这场火作为借口不服从沙皇的命令，所以重建的目的是巩固自己的统治。故A项正确。6What did Viazemskii and others stress in their accounts?A.The scene of the fire.B.The selflessness of the czar.C.The Russians joint effort to fight the fire.D.The ideal result achieved by the Russians.答案与解析 C 细节理解
22、题。由文章第四段中的“The accounts noted that the czar forcefully directed the fires containment.Soldiers were selfless to save the palace.The Russian people felt the loss just as deeply as the czar.”可知，这些对火势的描述中描写了沙皇竭尽全力控制火势，士兵奋不顾身保护冬宫，俄罗斯人与沙皇一样深感损失严重。也就说强调了俄罗斯人上下一心救火。故C项正确。7Whats the authors purpose in writi
23、ng the passage?A.To describe a fire at the Winter Palace.B.To praise the renewal of the Winter Palace.C.To express sympathy for the Notre Dame.D.To inspire confidence in rebuilding the Notre Dame.答案与解析 D 写作意图题。由文章最后一段中内容“巴黎圣母院烧毁程度没有像冬宫那么严重。如果1839年俄罗斯的冬宫复现是一种指引，那么巴黎圣母院重新屹立在塞纳河畔还是有希望的。”可知，作者写该文的目的是增强巴
24、黎圣母院重建的信心，故D项正确。C(2019怀化二模)体裁：说明文 主题语境：历史、社会与文化 难度：With the rise of digital technology，paper maps have gradually given way to satellite-aided travel.Of course,there are numerous advantages of GPS.You do not need to understand complex map symbols or plot out your route.Youre less likely to get lost b
25、ecause GPS announces turn-by-turn directions in real time.GPS automatically updates itself.It informs you of traffic jams and changes your route if necessary.But even with so many pluses,GPS isnt as reliable or accurate as you might think.Physical maps still offer a few advantages that technology ca
26、nt.For one thing,studying a map allows you to have a whole view of where youre going,including the roads，forests,towns，historic sites，rivers，mountains and cities youll run into along the way.You simply dont get that from a small GPS screen that shows little more than your next exit.According to Bets
27、y Mason，author of“All Over The Map;A Cartographic Odyssey”，maps can be far more than just navigational(导航的)aid.He thinks many older maps are brilliant,offering a lovely feast for the eyes.Plus，they can take you back in time,showing you how places transform across the ages.Maps even occasionally brin
28、g about surprising results.For example，when geologists compared maps of damage from the 1906 San Francisco earthquake with maps of the geologic structure under these areas,they quickly noticed a connection between the type of rock and sediment(沉积物)beneath buildings and their possibility of falling d
29、own.A paper map is a must-have for your travels.So next time you get around,also take a paper map or a book of maps as a handy backup.It will increase your travel experiences and could even be a life-saver.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。随着数字技术的兴起，纸质地图逐渐被卫星辅助旅行所取代。然而，纸质地图仍然具有数字地图无可比拟的出行优势。8One advantage of GPS is that
30、 _.A.it is regularly updatedB.it guarantees no traffic jamsC.it offers totally reliable informationD.it helps you understand map symbols答案与解析 A 细节理解题。由第一段“GPS automatically updates itself.”可知，全球定位系统能够定期升级更新，A项正确。9What does Mason think about old maps?A.They are worth a lot of money.B.They help us exp
31、lore a places past.C.They tell us some local traditions.D.They offer a full picture of the destination.答案与解析 B 细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“Plus,they can take you back in time,showing you how places transform across the ages.”可知，旧地图能够把我们带回到过去，了解当地不同年代的变化情况。B项正确。10What does the author intend to tell us by the exam
32、ple in Paragraph 3?A.Maps played a role in saving victims.B.Maps may lead to important discoveries.C.We should use maps to predict the quake.D.We should learn lessons from the disaster.答案与解析 B 推理判断题。第三段举例告知，地质学家通过比对旧金山的地质地图与震后的地图发现，建筑物下面的岩石和沉积物的类型与倒塌的可能性之间存在相关性。结合关键词“surprising results”和“connection”
33、可知，作者举例是为了说明地图有时会导致重大的发现。11What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Advantages of Using GPSB.Ways of Using Paper MapsC.Are Digital Maps on the Rise?D.Why We Still Need Paper Maps?答案与解析 D 标题归纳题。针对卫星导航出行方式的日益普及现象，本文主要阐述了使用纸质地图的益处。第二段第二句为该文的主题句，结合最后一段内容可知，D项为本文最佳标题。D(2019新疆三模)体裁：说明文 主题语境：历史、社会与文化 难度
34、：If we want to find out what kind of technology people used in the past,we normally have to rely on archaeologists to find ruined buildings and parts of tools or instruments or machines.Archaeologists then try to reconstruct,sometimes with the help of computer technology,what these ancient buildings
35、 and objects must have looked like,and how they might have been made.Sometimes historians are lucky and find an ancient document with a written description of these ancient buildings and objects.We can understand,then,why Chinese historians were so excited when they found cave paintings which show a
36、ncient science.They found these paintings in the world-renowned Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang City,in Northwest Chinas Gansu Province.There are 500 man-made caves and they have survived for at least 1,600 years.Almost all of these caves have paintings on their ceilings or walls and they date from the 4
37、th to 14th centuries.Wang Jinyu is an expert on these cave paintings(also called frescoes)and he says:“We discovered frescoes containing scientific and technological content in almost all of the caves which have frescoes.”What is remarkable about these cave paintings according to the Xinhua News Age
38、ncy is that they provide evidence of“scientific and technological inventions by ancient Chinese in maths,physics,chemistry,astronomy,geography,agronomy,architecture,textiles,traffic and transportation,arms and military equipment and medical sciences”Among the discoveries experts have made are cave p
39、aintings showing ancient techniques of pottery making and wine production and paintings showing ancient weaving machines and then toothbrushes!The paintings also give some evidence of the lifestyle at the time with,for example,pictures of people boiling milk over 1,000 years ago.Experts believe that
40、 there is more evidence to be found,but even now the caves are a wonderful natural museum.If the walls and ceilings of the caves were all put together they would form a tapestry 20 kilometers long and 2 meters high!It wont be possible to travel back in timethat only happens in filmsbut visiting thes
41、e caves would be the nearest experience you could get to travelling back in time.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家们在中国甘肃的敦煌莫高窟的洞穴中发现了反映古代科学的壁画。好词积累 date from 追溯到12Why were Chinese historians excited when they found cave paintings showing ancient science?A.Because they had rarely seen cave paintings.B.Because th
42、ey could make the place a tourist attraction.C.Because they could learn about ancient science through them.D.Because they would be given lots of money for the discovery.答案与解析 C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“What is remarkable about these cave paintings according to the Xinhua News Agency is that they provide eviden
43、ce of scientific and technological inventions by ancient Chinese in maths,physics,chemistry,astronomy,geography,agronomy,architecture,textiles,traffic and transportation,arms and military equipment and medical sciences”可知，这些壁画为中国古代在数学、物理、化学、天文、地理、农学以及建筑学等领域的科技发明提供了证据，由此可知科学家们对此感到很兴奋的原因是他们可以通过这些壁画了解古
44、代的科学，故C项正确。13From the passage,what can we learn about the Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang City?A.They have 500 man-made caves.B.They have been there for at most 1,600 years.C.They help us to know little about ancient science.D.They have paintings on their ceilings in every cave.答案与解析 A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Ther
45、e are 500 man-made caves and they have survived for at least 1,600 years.”可知，敦煌莫高窟有500个人工洞穴，故A项正确。14Experts had discovered cave paintings showing the ancient techniques of _.A.pottery making and wine productionB.weaving machines and toothbrushesC.boiling milk over 1,000 years agoD.architecture and w
46、eaving答案与解析 A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Among the discoveries experts have made are cave paintings showing ancient techniques of pottery making and wine production and paintings”可知，科学家发现壁画中展示了古代制陶和酿酒技术，故A项正确。15From which is the passage more likely to be selected?A.Modern Countries.B.Business World.C.Network Wor
47、ld.D.Popular Science.答案与解析 D 文章出处题。根据文章内容可知，本文介绍了科学家们在中国甘肃敦煌莫高窟的洞穴中发现了反映古代科学的壁画，这属于科学范畴，因此文章最有可能出自大众科学，故D项正确。阅读七选五(2019江南十校二模)体裁：说明文 主题语境：社会与文化 难度：The Qingming Festival is celebrated with a three-day national holiday,whose name originates from the saying“Plants start to revive and prosper at Qingmin
48、g in a clean and bright way.Thus,the festival is called Qingming，”which means clean and bright.1 Tomb sweeping aims to commemorate(纪念)family ancestors while going on a spring outing allows everyone the chance to enjoy the beautiful scenery and enjoy the season.Traditional customsTomb sweeping.2 On t
49、his day,the whole family gathers in front of their ancestral tombs.They offer fruit and wine to their ancestors and clean the weeds from around the tomb.Finally,they kowtow and pray,hoping for their ancestors blessing for the rest of the year.Spring outing.The time around the Qingming Festival is on
50、e of the most suitable seasons for a spring outing,as plants are thriving and flowers are blooming.People can have a great time outdoors with their friends and family.3 Traditional foodQingtuan,a green rice ball tiny enough to fit into your hand,is also called Qingmingguo or Aiguo.4 It is a mixture
51、of sticky rice powder and green vegetable juice,stuffed with sweetened bean paste,Qingtuan tastes sweet with the fresh fragrance of Aicao,a green spring vegetable,In celebration of Qingming,people from Shaanxi make steamed buns,known as Huamo,made into different shapes.5 Some are for peaceful family
52、 life while others represent the wish for health.A.With each distinct look comes a good blessing.B.Playing football and flying kites are popular activities.C.It is popular in the southern regions of the Yangtze River.D.Family members gather together to celebrate and taste the food.E.The tradition of
53、 tomb sweeping originates from the Qin Dynasty.F.Many traditional customs are practiced to show respect for our ancestors.G.The two main activities over the festival include tomb sweeping and going on a spring outing.答案与解析【语篇解读】本文是说明文，主要介绍了我国的传统节日清明节及其传统习俗和传统美食。好词积累 originate from 起源于；in celebration
54、 of 为庆祝1G 上句关键词为“the festival”，下句关键词为“Tomb sweeping”与“going on a spring outing”，因为空格句需要连接上下句，只有选项G中的“the festival”与“two main activities”可分别与上下句关键词呼应。故G项正确。2E 本段中心是介绍清明习俗之一扫墓。选项E中的关键词“The tradition of tomb sweeping”(扫墓的习俗)与本段中心一致。故选E。围绕本段的中心，介绍与扫墓有关的背景信息。3B 本段中心是介绍清明习俗之一春游。选项B中的“Playing football”与“flying kites”与其上一句中的“outdoors”呼应，且与本段中心一致。故选B。4C 选项C中的it与上一句中的“Qingtuan,a green rice ball”是指代关系，且与下一句中的It指代一致。故选C。5A 选项A中的“With each distinct look”(有不同的样子)与空前一句中的“different shapes”(形状各异)呼应，其中的“a good blessing”(美好的祝愿)与下句中的“有些是祝愿家和万事兴，有的是祝愿健康”呼应，故选A。
