1、Unit 1Section课前自主领悟课堂要点精析课后强化训练Section_Grammar动词不定式语法图解探究发现Unfortunately,the doctors dont know how to make me better,but Im very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability.and it is difficult to know what the future holds.I am happy to have found many things I can do,like writing and comput
2、er programming.Her ambition is to become part of the national team for the next Paralympic Games.I told Jeff to join the club,but he wouldnt listen.我的发现(1)上述例句中的黑体部分是动词不定式，其基本结构是“”，它不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能单独充当，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有的变化。(2)在句中动词不定式结构how to make me better和to adapt to my disability作。(3)句中it 为形式主语
3、，动词不定式结构to know what the future holds为。to动词原形谓语时态宾语真正主语(4)句中动词不定式结构to have found many things为动词不定式的时，作状语。(5)句动词不定式结构to become part of.作，句动词不定式结构to join.作。完成原因表语宾语补足语一、不定式的时态和语态主动语态被动语态意义一般时to doto be done表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后完成时to have doneto have been done表示动作发生在谓语动作之前进行时to be doing表示谓语动作发生时，不定式的
4、动作正在进行I am glad to see you.见到你很高兴。Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long.很抱歉让你等了那么长时间。I am very glad to be working with you.很高兴和你一起共事。I think its an honor to have been given a chance to speak at the meeting.被给予机会在会上发言我感到荣幸。即时演练1(1)完成句子When he came in,I happened.(read)他进来时，我碰巧正在读小说。They are said h
5、ard.(work)据说他们正很努力地工作。The factory is a car factory.(build)明年在这儿建造的工厂是一个汽车厂。The book is said into many languages.(translate)据说此书已被译成了多种语言。to be reading the novelto be workingto be built here next yearto have been translated(2)(山东高考)George returned after the war,only _ that his wife had left him.Ato b
6、e told BtellingCbeing told Dtold 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：乔治战争后回到家，结果被告知妻子已经离开了。此处是动词不定式作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果，而且George和tell之间是被动关系，因此用to be told。如果用动词-ing形式，则表示意料之中的结果。答案：A(3)(湖南高考)Weve had a good start,but next,more work needs _ to achieve the final success.Abeing done BdoCto be done Dto do解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我们已经有了一个好的开
7、端，但是为实现最后的胜利，接下来还有很多的工作要做。need在此意为“需要”，sth.need doing相当于sth.need to be done，意为“需要被做”。答案：C二、不定式的句法功能1不定式作主语不定式作主语可以用于句首，也可以用it 作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式短语置于句末。To act like that is foolish.像那样做是愚蠢的。It is not good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对身体很不好。2不定式作宾语(1)不定式作宾语时常直接放在谓语动词之后。I cant afford to buy a car.我买不起小汽
8、车。(2)不定式作宾语时还常用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末，常用结构为：think/consider/find it adj.to do。I found it necessary to talk to him again.我发现有必要和他再谈一次。I regretted to tell him that he had been dismissed.To my surprise,he said to me,“I am not sad,I only regret having taken the wrong job.”我遗憾地告诉他他被开除了。使我惊讶的是，他对我说，“我不伤
9、心，我只是后悔选错了工作。”名师点津：口诀助记通常只能接不定式作宾语的动词：三个希望两答应(hope,wish,want,agree,promise)两个要求莫拒绝(demand,ask,refuse)设法学会做决定(manage,learn,decide)不要假装在选择(pretend,choose)口诀助记通常只能接动名词作宾语的动词或短语：喜欢考虑不可免(enjoy,consider,escape,avoid)停止放弃太冒险(stop,give up,risk)反对想象莫推延(oppose,imagine,delay,put off)要求完成是期望(require,finish,look
10、 forward to)建议继续勤锻炼(suggest,go on,practise)不禁原谅要坚持(cant help,excuse,insist on)继续注意使成功(keep on,mind,succeed in)口诀助记既能接不定式，又能接动词-ing 形式，但意思不同的动词或短语：即“四记”“力争”“不后悔”。四“记”指“记得、记住(remember)”；“忘记(forget)”“计划、打算(mean)”；“继续(go on)”；力争指“try”；“不”“后悔”指stop与regret。3不定式作表语不定式常用在系动词 be,seem,appear,get,remain等后作表语。其
11、主语常常是wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job等表示意向、打算、计划的词。如果主语部分有表示不定式内容的do的各种形式(do,does,did,done),用作表语的不定式可省略to。The problem is to find a solution.问题是得找出一个解决办法。My job is to protect the world.我的工作是保护地球。All you have to do is(to)finish the job quickly.你得做的就是马上完工。4不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语，一般都是作后置定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。She usuall
12、y has a lot of meetings to attend in the evenings.晚上她经常有很多会议要开。Kate is looking for a suitable coat to wear.凯特正在找一件合适的衣服穿。(2)动词不定式常常放在抽象名词attempt,ability,chance,desire,determination,decision,effort,plan,way或不定代词something,nothing等后面作后置定语。Do you have the ability to read and write in English?你具备读写英语的能力吗
13、？I have no chance to go sightseeing.我没有机会外出观光。(3)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词，且与中心词为主动关系。He was the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作最好的人选。She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是在奥运会上第一个获得金牌的女性。(4)不定式作定语时，如果其逻辑主语是句子的主语，不定式用主动形式；如果这个不定式是不及物动词，其后应有相应的介词。The Browns have a c
14、omfortable house to live in.布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。5不定式作状语(1)表示目的：也可用于so as和in order之后表强调。She went to the hospital to see her grandfather yesterday.昨天她去医院看望了她爷爷。She asked me to drive her to the airport in order to catch the 5：00 flight.为了赶上5点的航班她让我开车把她送到机场。(2)表示结果：可用于enough to,so.as to,such.as to,only to.
15、以及too.to等结构中。Have you got enough room to seat all of us?你有足够的空间让我们都坐下吗？She is too weak to join us in the outing.她太虚弱以至于不能加入我们的旅行。名师点津：(only)to do sth.与doing sth.都可以作结果状语，其区别是：(only)to do sth.表示一个与主语愿望相反或出乎主语意料的结果，或用来暗示最初的未能实现的动作；doing sth.表示谓语动词本身的动作造成的顺其自然的结果。He searched the room only to find nothi
16、ng.他搜查了房间，没发现什么。His father passed away,leaving him a little money.他父亲去世了，只给他留下了少量的钱。(3)表示原因：常用于表情绪或心理活动的形容词之后。They were surprised to be informed of the news.被告知这个消息他们很惊讶。Im glad to hear this.我很高兴听到这个。(4)用于“be性质形容词不定式”结构中。常见的形容词有：easy,hard,difficult,interesting,heavy,pleasant,light,good,fit,comfortab
17、le,safe,dangerous,impossible等。The box is not easy to carry.这个箱子不易携带。名师点津：在这一结构中，不定式to do用主动形式表示被动意义。6不定式作宾语补足语(1)不定式可作ask,allow,permit,order,tell,advise,wish,force 等动词的宾补，形式为：动词宾语宾补(不定式)。在被动语态中，宾补变为主补。Who told you to wait here?谁告诉你在这儿等的？You are asked to wait here.有人让你在这儿等着。(2)不定式作宾补位于使役动词(let,make,h
18、ave等)和感官动词(see,notice,hear,watch,listen to等)后面时不定式符号to须去掉。但当宾补变为主补时，不定式符号to必须加上。Let him try again.让他再试一次吧。I saw him enter the room.我看见他进了房间。He was seen to enter the room.有人看见他进了房间。(3)不定式用于with复合结构中作宾补。With much work to do,I didnt even have time to have lunch.有很多工作要做，我甚至没时间去吃午饭。记法：口诀总结不定式有标记，to与动词连一起
19、。没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备。主宾定状表补语，唯独作谓不可以。not 加上不定式，否定结构要牢记。疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义。仔细推敲多思考，准确判断有依据。即时演练2 (1)用所给单词的适当形式完成句子He advised me(not drink)too much,otherwise I would have been drunk.(get)the task completed on time,well work overtime this week.He attempted (escape)from prison,but failed.Her ambition is (watch
20、)the 2016 Olympic Games.Remember (return)the bat to me.But I remember (return)it to you.The boy was seen (fall)suddenly from the tree.not to drinkTo getto escapeto watchto returnhaving returnedto fall(2)(湖南高考)_ourselves from the physical and mental tensions,we each need deep thought and inner quietn
21、ess.AHaving freed BFreedCTo free DFreeing解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了让我们从身体和精神紧张中解放出来，我们每个人都需要深入的思考和内在的宁静。不定式短语“To free ourselves from the physical and mental tensions”作目的状语，故C项正确。答案：C(3)(江西高考)He is thought _ foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.Ato act Bto have actedCacting Dhavi
22、ng acted解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他被认为做了愚蠢的事。现在对于失去工作这件事，他只能怪自己。be thought to do sth.表示“被认为做了某事”；由句意可知，act的动作发生在think之前，故用不定式的完成时。因此选B项。答案：B三、特殊用法1不定式的省略(1)Why./Why not.表示建议，后接省略to的动词不定式。Why not visit the museum?为什么不去参观博物馆呢？(2)不定式在介词but，except后面时，若这些介词前有实义动词do的各种形式，则后接不带to的不定式，否则带to。在cannot but,cannot choose bu
23、t,cannot help but之后接不带to的不定式。They had no choice but to move.They had nothing to do but move.他们别无选择，只好搬家。(3)在特定的上下文里，为了避免重复前面已出现的动词，可以用不定式符号来代替不定式结构。如：have to,be able to,be going to,used to,be glad to,ought to等之后；hope,want,mean,intend,decide,would like等之后；tell,ask,warn,allow等之后的宾语补足语。I dont go swimmi
24、ng now but I used to.我现在不去游泳，但我过去常去(游泳)。名师点津：如果不定式 to 之后的动词是be或助动词have,要保留 to 后的 be 或 have。China is no longer what it used to be.中国已今非昔比。Have you told Allen about the concert?你告诉艾伦音乐会的情况了吗？Sorry,but I ought to have.对不起，我本应该告诉她的。2不定式的否定形式动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式的符号“to”前直接加上not，有时为了强调也可以用否定副词never来否定。Its wrong
25、 of you not to go to school on time.没有按时到校是你的错误。3“疑问词动词不定式”结构疑问词“what,how,when,where,which动词不定式”结构可作主语、表语和宾语等。I dont know where to buy books of this kind.我不知道到哪里去买这种书。即时演练3 用所给词的适当形式填空I had nothing to do but (wait)outside of the gate.He was advised (not smoke)any longer.Why not (have)a look at the p
26、icture?No one knows what (do)next.waitnot to smokehaveto do.用所给动词的适当形式填空1(see)one time is better than to hear a hundred times.2The purpose of education is (develop)a fine personality in children.3The old scientist died suddenly,(leave)the project unfinished.4She would rather die than (give)a speech.
27、5Are you going to the conference (hold)next Monday?To seeto developleavinggiveto be held6Mike made her (give up)the property.7Please tell your child (play)on the playground.8She couldnt help but (cry)9Lady Gaga has put off her concerts because of the difficulties (cause)by the ongoing strikes.10Were
28、 surprised (hear)the news.give upto playcrycausedto hear.用所给动词的正确形式完成短文Hi,I want (tell)you something.I will go to Ruian for shopping this afternoon.Do you want (go)with me?First,Id like (go)to Kaitai Store.But to be frank,most of time I am there only (do)some window shopping,because everything is ex
29、pensive.Then,I plan (go)to HongQiao Road (buy)some clothes.I like(try)the new fashion style of this season.By the way,do you know anything (entertain)us?If so,I cant wait (have)a try!Why not (come)and join me?to tellto goto goto doto goto buyto tryto entertainto havecome.语法与写作(根据要求完成句子)1If I walk,Il
30、l never (忘记使用)the pedestrian crossing.(安徽高考作文)2“An apple a day keeps the doctor away.”also shows how a healthy everyday habit helps (强健身体)(四川高考作文)3Usually,no matter how far away or how busy we are,we will try (回家庆祝).(辽宁高考作文)forget to useto build up our bodyto come home for the celebration4Im writing (告诉你)that my uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference,and Ive (请他给你带)the Chinese painting you have asked for before.(新课标全国卷作文)to tell youasked him tobring you