1、时态和语态1. The dictionary still _ where I_ it moment ago.A. lies; lay B. lied; layC. laid; laid D. lies; laid【答案解析】 D【详解】考查动词时态。句意:那本字典仍然在刚才我放的地方。根据句意可知,第一空表示“位于”,应用动词lie,且描述的是目前的动作,应使用一般现在时;第二空表示“摆放”,应用lay,由moment ago可知,此处是过去的动作,应使用其过去式laid。故选D。2. In the past 10 years, great changes _ in my hometown w
2、ith the development of tourism under the leadership of the government.A. took place B. take place C. are taking place D. have taken place【答案解析】 D【详解】考查动词时态。句意:在过去的10年里,在政府的领导下,随着旅游业的发展,我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。根据上文In the past 10 years可知应用现在完成时,且take place表示“发生”没有被动语态,主语为changes,助动词应用have。故选D。3. He told us that
3、the building _ when he came to the city two years ago.A. has been destroyed B. has destroyedC. had been destroyed D. was destroyed【答案解析】 C【详解】考查时态和被动语态。句意:他告诉我们二年前他回到这个城市时这座建筑已经被被毁坏了。主句中时态是一般过去时,宾语从句时态要与其一致,且宾语从句中动词的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前,所以用过去完成时,表示在另一个过去行动(told)之前就已经完成了的事件。宾语从句中的主语the building与动词destroy
4、是动宾关系,要用被动语态,表示被动。因此,用过去完成时的被动语态。故选C。【点睛】宾语从句的时态要与主句时态一致。主句是一般过去时,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。本题中主句时态为一般过去时,从句可以用一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时等,现在从句动词destroy的动作发生在主句动词told的动作之前,是过去的过去,要用过去完成时。但也要注意:当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实真理时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。4. Did you see Harry just now?No, I _ computer games.A. have played B. am playi
5、ngC. had played D. was playing【答案解析】 D【详解】考查时态。句意:杰克,你刚刚看见Harry了吗?没有,我正在玩电脑游戏。根据语境可知,此处指“刚刚我正在玩电脑游戏”,应使用过去进行时。故选D。【点睛】英语中的时态主要由动词的形式决定,因此在学习英语时态时,要注意分析动词形式及具体语境,想象在那个特定的时间动作所发生的背景,这个动作是经常性动作、一般性动作、进行性动作、完成性动作还是将要发生的动作。和将来某个具体时间(段)连用,用将来进行时。5. I _ out of the classroom when I bumped into a girl litera
6、lly.A. am running B. was running C. runs D. run【答案解析】 B【详解】考查时态。句意:我正要跑出教室,突然碰到一个女孩。be doing.when.为固定用法,意为“正在此时;突然”。根据“ when I bumped into a girl literally.”可知,此句是过去进行时。故选B。【点睛】除了与be doing 连用外,when还可与had just done;be about to do 连用,表示“正在此时;突然”。考生在做这类题时,一定细心观察看是否是固定用法。6. A brief History of Mathematic
7、s_in 1988 and has been translated into more than 40 languages ever since.A. was published B. were published C. have been published D. has been published【答案解析】 A【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意:数学简史于1988年出版,至今已被翻译成40多种语言。根据后文in 1988可知应用一般过去时,主语A brief History of Mathematics与谓语动词publish构成被动关系,为一般过去时的被动语态,主语为A brief Hi
8、story of Mathematics,be动词应用单数。故选A。7. Hi, Robert, how are you getting on with your packing? Its time to go.I _what to take with me. Wait a moment.A. will have decided B. was deciding C. am deciding D. decided【答案解析】 C【分析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意:嗨,罗伯特,你的行李准备得怎么样了?该走了。我正在决定我要带些什么。稍等。根据下文的“Wait a moment.”可推断,说话人要求
9、等一会,说明正在做某事,用现在进行时。故选C。8. Whats that noise?Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine _.A. was tested B. will be testedC. is being tested D. has been tested【答案解析】 C【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意:-那是什么噪音?-哦,我忘记告诉你了。新机器正在被测试。主语the new machine和谓语test是被动的关系,故用被动语态。从上文可判断出该动作一直在进行中,所以本题应该使用进行时的被动语态 ,故选C项。9. Unfortunat
10、ely when I dropped in, Mr. Smith _. So we only had time for a few words.A. has just left B. was just leaving C. had just left D. just left【答案解析】 B【详解】考查时态。句意:不幸的是,当我顺道拜访时,史密斯先生正要离开。所以我们只有几句话的时间。根据when I dropped in,可知,当我顺道拜访时,史密斯先生正要离开了,B项是过去进行时表示过去将来意义。故选B。10. Where is your new home now?In the new d
11、eveloped zone. But I _ downtown for five years.A. have lived B. had lived C. was living D. lived【答案解析】 D【详解】考查时态辨析。句意:-你的新家在哪里?-新开发区。但是我在市区住了五年。分析句子可知,“我”目前住在新开发区了,但是在此之前,我在市区住了5年,这里表达的是过去的事情,所以用一般过去时。故选D项。【点睛】现在完成时和一般过去时的区别是时态题考查的重点内容。他们的区别是:现在完成时表示去过发生的事情对现在的影响,或者过去发生的事情延续到现在;而一般过去时只表示过去发生的某件事情。比如
12、,本题中,我在市区住了5年,是描述的过去的事情,跟现在没有关系,所以用一般过去时。11. How long _ you _? For five years. We _ in 2001.A. have; been married; got married. B. did; marry; got married.C. have; got married; married. D. were; married; married.【答案解析】 A【详解】本题考查时态和动词marry的用法。句意:你结婚多久了?五年。我们2001年结婚。第一句根据how long可知,此处表状态,用be married形式
13、,根据语境可知,此处用现在完成时形式;第二句中根据时间状语in 2001可知,用一般过去时,故填got married, 综上,选A。【点睛】marry既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,意为结婚;嫁;娶;与.结婚等.常见用法如下:一、marry sb表示嫁给某人;与结婚。例如:John married Mary last week.上星期约翰和玛丽结婚了。二、be/get married to sb表示与某人结婚.例如:Jane was married to a doctor last month.上个月简和一位医生结婚了。Rose got married to a teacher.罗斯和
14、一位教师结婚了。三、marry sb to sb表示父母把女儿嫁给某人或为儿子娶媳妇。例如:She married her daughter to a businessman.她把女儿嫁给了一位商人。四、marry作不及物动词时,往往用副词或介词短语来修饰。例如:She married very early.她很早就结婚了。五、marry 一般不与介词with 连用。例如:她和一位英国人结了婚.【误】She married with an Englishman.【正】She married an Englishman.【正】She was / got married to an English
15、man.六、若问某某是否结婚,而不涉及结婚的对象,可用be / get married的形式,相当于系表结构。例如:你结婚了吗?【误】 Do you marry?/ Have you married?【正】 Are you married?/ Have you got married?12. A wonderful performance _ in the school gymnasium next month.A. is put on B. has been put onC. will be put on D. was put on【答案解析】 C【详解】考查时态语态。句意:下个月学校体育馆
16、将上演一场精彩的演出。主语为a wonderful performance与动词put on之间为被动关系,因此为被动语态,且根据时间状语next month,故用一般将来时态,答案为C。13. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.A. regarded B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards【答案解析】 B【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:现在,骑车,还有慢跑和游泳,被认为是最
17、好的全能运动之一。分析句子可知,cycling,along with joggingandswimming与动词regard构成被动关系,故A、D项错误;由alongwith连接的多个名词作主语时,谓语与alongwith前的名词保持一致,cycling是动名词形式,所以谓语动词应该用三单形式,故C项错误;且描述客观事实用一般现在时,故选B。【点睛】在英语中,句子的主语和谓语动词要保持数上的一致关系,叫主谓一致这种关系通常要遵循下面三条原则:1. 语法一致原则 句子的主语是单数形式,谓语动词要用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:Both my parents are doct
18、ors.我的父母都是医生。主语parents为复数,故谓语动词用are。2意义一致原则 谓语动词该用单数还是复数取决于主语所表达的内容在含义是单数意义还是复数意义。例如:Paris is among the largest cities in the world.巴黎是世界上最大的城市之一。主语Paris以s结尾,长得像复数,实则为单数,故谓语动词用is。3邻近原则 谓语动词该用单数还是复数形式,取决于最邻近它的名词、代 词或其它词的数。连词or, notbut, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等连接的并列主语,谓语动词的数与靠近它的主语一致。例如
19、 :Neither you nor I am a stranger here.你和我都不是刚来这里。Does neither he nor his classmates know the secret?他和他的同学都不知道这个秘密吗?14. A fire _ in the center of the market last night. Luckily, no death _ so far.A. broke out; is reported B. had broken out; was reportedC. broke out; has been reported D. had broken
20、out; has been reported;【答案解析】 C【详解】考查动词时态及语态。句意:昨晚市场中心发生了一场火灾。幸运的是,目前还没有死亡报告。根据last night可知,第一空用一般过去时态,break out“爆发”是不及物动词词组,无被动语态;根据so far“到目前为止”,且句子主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系,所以第二空用现在完成时态的被动语态。故选C。15. Lots of roads _ these days. Wed better set out earlier.A. are repaired B. have been repaired C. are being rep
21、aired D. are repairing【答案解析】 C【详解】考查现在进行时态的被动语态。句意:这些天很多路正在修理。我们最好早点出发。根据these days和set out earlier可知,动作目前正在进行,再根据句子主语roads是复数形式,和谓语动词repair之间是被动关系,所以此处用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。16. A number of high buildings _ where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.A. have arisen B. have been aroused C. have risen D.
22、have been raised【答案解析】 A【详解】考查动词辨析及语态。句意:许多高层建筑在一年前还只是一片废墟的地方拔地而起。动词arise“出现,上升”,是不及物动词,无被动语态;arouse“激发,唤起”,不符合题意;rise“升起”,是不及物动词,无被动语态;raise“提高,养育”,不符合题意。故选A。17. Pity that I havent got a ticket for the concert tonight.It doesnt matter. Im sure it _ on TV.A. will be broadcast B. will broadcastC. has
23、 been broadcast D. is broadcasting【答案解析】 A【详解】考查动词时态及语态。句意:很可惜我没有今晚的音乐会的票。没关系,我相信它会在电视上现场直播的。因为今晚将发生的事,所以应用将来时,it代替concert,它与broadcast之间是被动关系,应使用一般现在时的被动语态。故选A。【点睛】本题难度适中。动词的时态和语态放在一起考查增加了试题的难度,需要考生有分析理解复杂的句子结构的能力,必须会根据语境或已给动词的形式来判断动词的时态。如本题中,因为今晚将发生的事,所以应用将来时,it代替concert,它与broadcast之间是被动关系,应使用一般现在时
24、的被动语态。故选A。18. A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month.A. will be built B. is being builtC. has been built D. is built【答案解析】 B【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意:这儿有个新的电影院在建。预期下个月完工。根据时间状语next month及句意可知,应用现在进行时的被动语态,故选B。19. - How long _ at this job?- Since 1990.A. were you employed B. have you been empl
25、oyedC. had you been employed D. will you be employed【答案解析】 B【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意:-你被雇佣从事这份工作多久了?-自从1990年开始就干这份工作。根据答语since从1990年开始可知上句是现在完成时态,you是雇佣的对象,故用被动语态,选B。20. I dont know when he _ to work in that country, perhaps next week.A. was tested B. will be tested C. has been tested D. tested【答案解析】 B【详解】考查时态。句意:我不知道他什么时候会在那个国家接受测试,也许是下周。分析句子,“他在那个国家接受测试”是还没有发生的事情,他与接受测试为逻辑上的被动关系,用被动语态,所以为一般将来时的被动语态will be tested。故选B项。