1、Unit 2Section课前自主领悟课堂要点精析课后强化训练Section_Grammar虚拟语气(2)语法图解探究发现It is important that every pupil(should)be able to understand the rules of school.It was necessary that we(should)make everything ready ahead of time.My suggestion is that we(should)go there at once.He talked as if he had known it.If only
2、I had passed the test!But for these spelling mistakes,I would have got a full mark in my English examination.我的发现(1)句为“It is important/necessary.that.”结构中的主语从句，句为“My suggestion is that.”结构中的表语从句，其从句的谓语动词构成形式为：。(2)句为 as if 引导的状语从句，谓语动词用时表示与过去相反的假设。(3)句中 if only(要是，那该多好啊！)引导的感叹句中，是对已经发生事情的虚拟，用时。(4)句 b
3、ut for 引出的为的条件。(should)动词原形过去完成过去完成含蓄一、虚拟语气的特殊用法1含蓄条件句的虚拟语气有时在虚拟语气中假设的情况并不是以条件状语从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词、介词短语、连词、分词短语或其他方式表示。常用的表达有：without,but for,otherwise,or 及 but 等。Without sunlight,peoples life would be different from today.没有了阳光，人们的生活与现在将会大不相同。But for water,it would be impossible to live in the desert.
4、没有水，在沙漠上生活是不可能的。I ran all the way to the cinema,otherwise I would have missed the beginning of The Monkey King.我一路跑到电影院，不然我会错过了电影大闹天宫的开头。2错综条件句中的虚拟语气在错综条件句中，if 从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照对应的时间而定。If you had followed the teachers advice,you wouldnt be in hospital now.如果你听从了老师的建议，你现在就不会住院了。
5、(从句过去，主句现在)If I were you,I would have taken his advice yesterday.如果我是你，昨天我就会采纳他的意见。(从句现在，主句过去)即时演练1(1)用所给词的适当形式填空 Without your help,we (not succeed)in the experiment.But for the rain,we (finish)the work already.If he (not work)hard last year,he _(not get)such a great success now.If it had rained las
6、t night,the ground (be)wet now.Im really very busy,otherwise I (go)there with you.couldnt have succeededwould have finishedhad not workedwouldntgetwould bewould go(2)(安徽高考)I _ to my cousins birthday party last night,but I was not available.Awent Bhad goneCwould go Dwould have gone解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：昨晚我本应该
7、去参加我堂妹的生日聚会的，但是我没有空。but I was not available表示的是过去的真实情况，为含蓄条件句，相当于if I had been available(如果我有空的话)。此处为与过去情况相反的虚拟语气，主句应使用“would/might/could/shouldhave done”结构，故选D。答案：D(3)(天津高考)If he had spent more time practising speaking English before,he _ able to speak it much better now.Awill be Bwould beChas been
8、 Dwould have been解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他以前花费更多的时间练习英语口语的话，他现在就能说得更好。此题考查混合条件句中的虚拟语气，根据语境和时间状语可知，从句是对过去情况的虚拟，主句是对现在情况的虚拟，故选B。答案：B(4)(北京高考)If we _ a table earlier,we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.Ahave booked BbookedCbook Dhad booked解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们早点儿预订了餐桌，(现在)就不必在这儿站着排队等候了。本句是混合虚拟语气，从句是对过去情况的假设，主句是对
9、现在情况的虚拟，故从句用过去完成时。答案：D二、虚拟语气的其他用法1虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法在 It is demanded/necessary/a pity.that.等结构的主语从句中，谓语动词用“(should)do”，其中 should 可省略。It is可用的三类词that(should)dosuggested,ordered,required,demanded,requested,proposed,desired等important,necessary,natural,strange 等a pity,a shame 等It is desired that we(should)ge
10、t everything ready by tonight.希望一切在今晚准备好。It is a pity that Lucy(should)be so careless.真遗憾露茜竟这样粗心。2虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法在 suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,advice,decision 等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用“(should)do”，其中 should 可以省略。My suggestion is that we(should)send a few people to help the
11、other groups.我的建议是我们派几个人去帮助别的小组。3虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法(1)在 as if/though 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在相反；用过去完成式表示与过去相反等，这一变化与wish 后的宾语从句的变化相同。as if/asthough时间谓语动词的虚拟形式与过去相反had过去分词与现在相反一般过去时(be动词用were)与将来相反would/could/might动词原形Ive loved you as if you were my son.我一直爱你仿佛你是我儿子。名师点津：as if/though 也可以引导表语从句，根据情况也常用虚拟语气。I
12、t seems as if he had just returned from the Mars.好像他刚从火星上回来一样。(2)在 in order that,so that 引起的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用 may/might/can/could动词原形。Lets hand in the exercises earlier so that the teacher may have time to correct them.我们早点交练习好让老师有时间改。The teacher spoke slowly in order that the students could/might hear
13、 clearly.老师讲得很慢，好让学生听清楚。4虚拟语气在其他一些句型中的用法(1)Its(high)time that.从句中，谓语动词可以使用过去式，也可使用 shoulddo；表示“早该了”，其中 should 不可以省略。Its time we got up/should get up.我们早该起床了。(2)if only.！要是多好啊！If only you hadnt offended him.你当时不惹他就好了。If only he could come tomorrow!他明天能来有多好啊！(3)其他一些表示祝愿的句型：May you succeed!祝你成功！Long li
14、ve the Peoples Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！即时演练2 完成句子It is suggested that the English evening on Saturday.(hold)有人建议，英语晚会周六举行。It is necessary that he to Beijing right away.(send)有必要立即派他去北京。He behaved as though nothing.(happen)他装作若无其事的样子。(should)be held(should)be senthad happenedIt is time that he.(m
15、ake)该是他做出决定的时候了。Their plan is that they a new factory in their hometown.(build)他们的计划就是在他们家乡建一座新工厂。If only!(have)要是我有所更大的房子就好了！should make a decision/made a decision(should)buildI had a bigger house(2)(北京高考)Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.Ais BwereChas been Dhad been解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：不要把花瓶像它
16、似乎是钢制的一样来拿。as if表示“似乎；好像”，引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，再结合主句的时态可知是对现在事实的虚拟，所以用一般过去时were。答案：B.语法填空1He made a suggestion that the English test (put)off until next Wednesday.2If only I (meet)the movie star!But I was then in the school doing papers.3When I first met him,it seemed as if he (eat)food for days.be puthad m
17、ethadnt eaten4Look at the trouble were in.If only we (take)our teachers advice!5Johns pale face suggested that he (be)ill and his parents suggested that he (have)a medical examination.6I thought it important that the meeting (put)off.7But for the help of my English teacher,I (not win)the first prize
18、 in the English Writing Competition.had takenwasbe puthavewould not have won8Excuse me,visiting hours are over.Its time for you to leave.Im sorry,I didnt know the time or I(leave)earlier.9Without the help of the PLA men,all 69 miners trapped in a flooded coal mine in Henan Province for three days (n
19、ot rescue)10Its time that we (lift)the lid on the accident and everyone will insist on punishing the criminal.would have leftcouldnthave been rescuedlifted.根据语气特点，用所给动词的适当形式填空Dear brother，Im now writing to you for your advice.How I wish you _1_(be)here with me!Yesterday afternoon,I went to a booksto
20、re with one of my friends.After we went out,he showed me the book he had stolen.Considering he was wrong,I suggested he _2_(go)back to return it or pay for it.But he didnt listen to me,otherwise I _3_(not report)it to his mother.Now Im really regretful.I would rather I _4_(not let)his mother know it
21、.After all,he is my friend,without whose help,I _5_(not make)so rapid progress in study.But it is now obvious that he has begun to hate me.It seems as if we _6_(not be)friends before.Can you advise what I _7_(do)now?_8_(be)you in my position,what _9_(will)you do?I hope you _10_(can)give me some advi
22、ce as soon as possible.Yours，Peter答 案：1.were 2.(should)go 3.wouldnt have reported 4.hadnt let 5.wouldnt have made 6.hadnt been7(should)do 8.Were 9.would 10.can.语法与写作(根据提示完成句子)1要是当初你早点通知我，我就不会签那个合同了。I wouldnt have signed the contract.2要是你昨天修了房子的话，房子现在就不会湿了。Had you repaired the house yesterday,now.If
23、you had informed me earlier/Had you informed me earlier,it wouldnt be wet3如果我当时不是太忙，我就给你打电话了。I was too busy at that time;otherwise.If,I would have called you.4我及时关掉了电源，要不然就会出危险了。I cut off the electricity in time.Otherwise.5我们早该采取措施来制止污染了。Its time that to stop pollution.I would have called youI had not been too busy at that timethere would have beena dangerwe took/should take measures6要是我当时向她道歉就好了。If only I.7他们谈话的样子好像就是多年的老朋友似的。They talked as if.8重要的是这项任务不能失败。It is important that.had apologized to herthey had been friends for yearsthis task(should)not fail