1、专题十一特殊句式和主谓一致课前体验领悟完成句子1直到我们观看了地球日的电视节目，我们才了解了大量关于全球变暖的问题。Not until we watched the Earth Day program on TV did_we_learn much about global warming.2他们昨天晚上一定熬夜到很晚，不是吗？They must have stayed up too late last night, didnt_they?3你绝对不应该在父母面前撒谎。By no means should_you_tell_lies before your parents.4要是你过去工作努力
2、的话，你现在就不会这么焦虑了。Had_you_worked hard, you would not be so anxious now.5何时何地去度假还没决定。When and where to go for the holiday hasnt_been_decided yet.6直到我们分开，我才意识到她对我有多重要。It was not until we each went our separate ways that_I_realized how important she was to me.课堂考前讲练倒装句1.完全倒装(1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here, there
3、, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等置于句首时，句子用完全倒装。John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.(2010陕西高考)约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。点津上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则主谓语不用倒装。In she came.她走了进来。(2)表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为“表语连系动词主语”。Present at the meeting were some scientists from
4、 China.许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。2部分倒装(1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。Only with the greatest of luck did she manage to escape from the rising flood waters.(2012上海高考)她设法逃离了不断上涨的洪水只是幸运而已。(2)否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by
5、 no means, on no condition等置于句首时。Its nice. Never before have I had such a special drink!Im glad you like it.(2011福建高考)太好喝了。我以前从未喝过这样特别的饮料！你喜欢我很高兴。(3)当so/neither/nor位于句首时，可将其后的部分谓语置于主语之前，构成部分倒装。The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor will he even give it a thought.(2012重庆高考)校长不会允
6、许课程的变化，他甚至不会去考虑。点津so表示“是的，确实”时，主谓语不倒装。It is too hot.So it is.天太热了。的确(很热)。(4)hardly .when ., no sooner .than ., not only .but also .等连接两个句子且hardly, no sooner, not only位于句首时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。The computer was used in teaching.As a result, not only was teachers energy saved, but students became more
7、interested in the lessons.(2009全国卷)电脑被应用于教学中。结果，不仅节省了老师的精力，学生也对课堂更感兴趣了。(5)在so .that .和such .that .句式中，如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。(6)as/though引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形as/though主语其他。(though引导的从句也可用正常语序)T
8、ry as she might, Sue couldnt get the door open.(2011新课标全国卷)虽然Sue努力尝试了，但是她无法打开门。Unsatisfied though he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.(2009重庆高考)虽然他对那份工作的报酬不满意，但是他为了得到一些工作经验还是都接受了它。1(2012山东高考)I dont know about you, but Im sick and tired of this weather._. I cant
9、stand all this rain. AI dont careBIts hard to sayCSo am I DI hope so 解析：根据答语中的I cant stand all this rain可知，此处与上一句中的Im sick and tired of the weather表达同样的感受，因此应该用So am I，表示“我也是”。A、D两项都与后面一句话矛盾；B项的意思是“很难说”。答案：C2(2012天津高考)Only after Mary read her composition the second time _ the spelling mistake.Adid s
10、he notice Bshe noticedCdoes she notice Dshe has noticed解析：考查倒装和时态。句意：只有玛丽把作文读了第二遍之后，她才注意到拼写错误。当“only状语”位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。因此可先排除B和D。由从句中的Mary read可知，动作发生在过去，因此选A。答案：A3(2012陕西高考)Hot _ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.Aalthough BasCwhile Dhowever解析：考查倒装句。句
11、意：尽管夜间的空气很热，但我们睡得很沉，因为长途旅行之后，我们太累了。as引导让步状语从句时，从句用倒装语序，其结构为：名词/形容词/副词/动词as主语谓语动词。although与while也可以引导让步状语从句，但它们不能用倒装语序。答案：B4(2012四川高考)This is not my story, nor _ the whole story. My story plays out differently.Ais there Bthere isCis it Dit is 解析： 考查倒装句。nor位于句首引起部分倒装，排除B、D两项；再根据句意“这并不是(关于)我的故事，它也不是故事的
12、全部。我的故事结局不同。”选代词it，代替前文的this。答案：C强调句型1.强调句的基本句型是“It is/was被强调的部分that/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most.(2011陕西高考)给我们工作带来最大益处的不是我们做了多少而是我们将多少爱投入到我们所从事的事业中。2强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前；特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词is/wasitthat从句”。The pa
13、tient looks much better. What is it that has made him what he is today?那个病人看上去好多了。是什么让他变成今天这样的呢？3如果原句中含有“not .until”，在强调时间状语时，将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提前。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她是一位著名的电影明星。4do/does/did强调句型：do/does/did只能对谓语进行强调，且只
14、能用于一般现在时和一般过去时肯定句中。Do phone me when you get there.你到那儿后务必给我打电话。1(2012重庆高考)It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic _ Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.Awhen BthatCafter Dsince解析：考查强调句。分析题干可知此句为强调句，是对句子的状语“80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic”进行强调的，故选B项。答
15、案：B2(2013厦门质检)Nobody knows _ broke into the house last night and stole the important papers.Awho was it that Bit was who thatCwho it was that Dthat it was who解析：考查强调句。题中强调句的特殊疑问句结构要作knows的宾语，故用陈述句语序。答案：C3(2012长沙模考)_was it that your brother managed to pass the math exam last week? Hes always so lazy.
16、AWhere BHowCWhen DWhat解析：考查特殊疑问句的强调句式。句意：你的哥哥是如何通过上周的数学考试的？他总是那么懒。根据“Hes always so lazy”可推知，此处表示“你的哥哥是如何通过上周的数学考试的”，故How当选。特殊疑问句的强调句式是“特殊疑问词is/wasitthat从句(用陈述语序)？”。答案：B省略1.在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though, as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时，从句的主语和be动词常被省略。F
17、ilm has a much shorter history, especially when compared to such art forms as music and painting.(2012新课标全国卷)电影的历史要短得多，尤其同音乐、绘画之类的艺术形式比较的时候。2Im afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答句，后面跟so与not分别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。Do you think it will rain?I hope so/not (that it will rain/not rain)你认为会下雨吗？我希望下/
18、不下。3不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to。用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid/glad/happy, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等的后边，但be动词后有助动词be 和 have时，be 和 have不能省略。I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to.我请他去看电影，但他不想去。1(2011江苏高考)It sounds like something is wrong wit
19、h the cars engine._， wed better take it to the garage immediately.AOtherwise BIf not CBut for that DIf so 解析：考查省略和替代。从句意可知，此处表示对可能发生的事件的假设，因此选择if so“如果这样的话”，so代替前面句子中提到的情况。答案：D2(2013东北三校第一次联考)Hi, are you an engineer in Lenovo Group?No, but I _.Awant to Bwant to beCwant so Dwant it解析：答话人想成为联想集团的工程师，答
20、语是“No, but I want to be an engineer in Lenovo Group.”的省略形式。当不定式后有be时，be不可省略。答案：B反意疑问句及其他句式1.反意疑问句(1)祈使句的反意疑问句。肯定的祈使句，简短问句用will you, wont you。否定的祈使句，简短问句用will you，有时也可用can you, cant you, could you。lets和let us引导的祈使句：lets“建议，征询”，含听话者在内，故简短问句用shall we; let us表“建议、征询”，不含听话者在内，故简短问句用will you, wont you。Let
21、s go out for a walk after supper, shall we?晚饭后我们散散步，好吗？(2)主从复合句，与主句的主谓语保持一致。I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, didnt I ？(2011重庆高考)我告诉他们并不是每个人和你跑得一样快，对吗？(3)当陈述部分是I (We) think/believe/expect/suppose加从句时，疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。I dont think anyone can finish the experiment, can they?我认为并非
22、人人都能完成实验，对吗？2其他句式(1)祈使句/名词短语and简单句，表示“如果，就”。“Only two centimeters higher, and you will break the world record，” encouraged the coach.教练鼓励说：“再高两厘米，你将打破世界纪录。”Bring the flowers into a warm room and theyll soon open.(2011辽宁高考)将花放到暖和的房间里，它们将会很快开放。(2)祈使句or/otherwise简单句，表示“否则”。Dont move, or youll be killed
23、.不要动，否则就杀死你。(3)感叹句：What (a/an)形容词名词主语谓语！How形容词a/an单数可数名词主语谓语！How形容词/副词主语谓语！1(2012湖南高考)Close the door of fear behind you, and you _ the door of faith open before you.Asaw Bhave seenCwill see Dare seeing解析：考查特殊句式“祈使句and 陈述句”。句意：关闭了恐惧之门，那么信心之门就会在你面前打开。“祈使句and 陈述句”句式中的陈述句常用将来时。答案：C2(2012江苏高考)There is li
24、ttle doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _？Ais there Bisnt thereCis he Disnt he解析：考查反意疑问句。陈述部分中含有表示否定意义的词little，所以简短问句用肯定形式，首先排除B、D两项；陈述部分为there be句型，故简短问句应用is there，故选A项。答案：A3(2011辽宁高考)_ a strange plant! Ive never seen it before.AWhich BWhatCHow DWhether解析：考查感叹句。句意：多么奇怪的植物啊！我以前从没见过。此处为“Whata/an
25、 adj. n. it is/was”的省略结构，故B项正确。答案：B主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。做题时还要注意时态及其他语法及词义的正确性。1语法一致原则主语和谓语通常是从语法一致上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。My friends have no intention of going shopping with me.我的朋友们不想和我去购物。点津主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, exce
26、pt, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。Mr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, is going to visit Beijing this summer.(2009陕西高考)史密斯先生和他的妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。2就近一致原则(1)由or, either .or ., neither . nor ., not only . but also .等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致
27、。Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.(2009湖南高考)要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。(2)由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox.文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。3意义一致原则(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)，谓语动词用单数。The writer and teach
28、er Smith has gone through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼经历了无数的成败。(2)“no/each/every/many a单数名词andno/each/every/many a单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。(3)非谓语动词、名词性
29、从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.早睡早起是一个好习惯。4含修饰语的名词作主语的特殊情况(1)many a/more than one单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。(2)the rest, the remaining/part .主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。The first part of the lecture w
30、as vivid but the remaining was dull.讲座的前半部分很生动，但后半部分非常枯燥。(3)分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所表示的意义。About one third of the books are worth reading.这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.昨天只干了60%的活。1(2012湖南高考)All the scientific evidence _ that increasing use of chemicals in farming
31、_ damaging our health.Ashow; are Bshows; areCshow; is Dshows; is解析：考查主谓一致。句意：所有的科学证据都显示化肥在农业领域日益增长的使用正在破坏我们的健康。第一个空主语是evidence，所以用单数；第二个空主语是use，所以也用单数。答案：D2(2011安徽高考)The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes.Ais Bare Cwas Dwere解析：考查主谓一致和时态。句意：这家工厂
32、使用了65%的原材料，其余的节省下来以作他用。后半句中的 the rest of which 中的which 指的是raw materials, 所以谓语动词用复数，再结合前半句中的时态可判断D项正确。答案：D3(2011湖南高考)Onethird of the country _ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _black people.A is; are Bis; is Care; are Dare; is 解析：考查主谓一致。句意：这个国家的三分之一被树覆盖，而且大多数公民是黑人。在第一个空中，onethird o
33、f the country 指“一个国家的三分之一”， 后面的谓语动词应用单数形式。在第二个空中，the majority 后面的citizens 为复数意义，故谓语动词用复数形式。 答案：A课后演练提升.语法与单选1(2013东北三校高三第一次联合模拟)Not until I read your letter _ the true state of the affairs.Adid I understandBhad I understoodCI understood DI had understood解析：考查倒装。否定结构not until置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，由此可以排除C、D两
34、项；此外，understand这一动作和“read”几乎是同时发生的，都发生在过去的某个时间，因此用一般过去时态。答案：A2(2013陕西西安五校第一次模拟)Its a pity that Andrew didnt want to go to the conference._willing to go, we could have paid all his expenses.AHad he been BBeingCWas he DHe had been解析：考查虚拟语气与倒装。根据第一句中的时态可知此处是对过去情况的虚拟，意思是“如果他愿意去，我们会支付他所有的费用”。此处是省略了虚拟条件句中
35、的if而引起的倒装，其正常语序应为“If he had been willing to go”。答案：A3(2013湖南十二校联考)People who have regular physical exercise seldom catch a disease like flu, _？Ahave they Bdont theyChavent they Ddo they解析：句意：定期进行身体锻炼的人很少得感冒之类的疾病，对吗？句中有seldom(很少)表否定意义，所以，其反意疑问部分用肯定形式，排除B、C两项；陈述部分主句谓语动词为catch，故设空处为do they。答案：D4(2013河南
36、十所名校高中毕业班阶段性测试)_ seven or eight countries would come together to determine the direction of global markets.AWent away are the days whichBAway went the days whenCGone are the days whenDWent are the days that解析：考查倒装。句意：七八个国家聚在一起决定全球市场走向的时代已经过去了。当主语带有较长的修饰语时，为了保持句子的结构平衡，要用倒装语序。此处应用when引导定语从句，修饰先行词the d
37、ays。该句的正常语序应是“The days when seven .markets are gone”。答案：C5(2013成都部分高中高三教学质量检测)So brave _ that she faced the difficulty bravely she had _ English.Awas she; studying Bshe was; studiedCshe was; studying Dwas she; studied解析：考查倒装及固定搭配。第一个空在so .that句型中，so形容词放在句首时，句子使用全部倒装，排除B和C；have difficulty (in) doing
38、sth.表示“做某事有困难”，是固定搭配，故选A。答案：A6(2012合肥二检)Little _ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.Acared he Bhe caredCdid he care Dwas he cared解析：考查倒装。某些含有否定意义的副词或短语置于句首时，句子应用部分倒装。又因he与care之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故不需要用被动语态。答案：C7(2013四川高三模拟)When asked to explain _ made his lessons so exciting, the tea
39、cher kept silent.Awhat it was that Bthat what it wasCwhat was it that Dthat what was it解析：考查强调句型。句意：当被问起是什么让他的课如此令人兴奋时，这位老师沉默了。“what it was that made his lessons so exciting”是宾语从句，因此要用陈述语序。从句中含有一个强调句型，被强调部分是从句的主语what。答案：A8(2013衡阳一次联考)It is only when something gets lost _ you can realize how importan
40、t it is to you.Athat BsinceCso Dbefore解析：考查强调结构。句意：只有当某个东西失去的时候，你才能意识到它对你的重要性。这是一个强调结构。判断的方式为：去掉It is和空处的that，句子结构依然完整。答案：A9(2013河北唐山一模)The new technology, if _ to farming, will help increase the grain output.Aapplying Bto applyCapplied Dhaving applied解析：if引导的条件状语从句与主句有相同的主语，且从句中含有动词be时，可省略从句中的主语与动词
41、be，补全后为：if the new technology is applied to farming。答案：C10(2013福建毕业班质检)As teenagers, it is not until we are able to face difficulties bravely _ we are mature enough.Awhich BwhenCthat Dwhether解析：考查强调句。句意：作为青少年，直到我们能够勇敢地面对困难时，我们才算足够成熟。考查not until的强调句：It is not until被强调部分that原句剩余部分，所以C项正确。答案：C11(2013山西
42、省运城市模拟)The day before yesterday the police including one officer _ searching for the murderer in that mountain.Ais BareCwas Dwere解析：考查主谓一致和时态。句意：前天警察包括一个警官在山上搜捕那个杀人犯。police为集体名词，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。答案：D12(2012江苏省苏锡常镇四市调研二)I had practised my spoken English many times, but still failed in the oral test.Don
43、t be discouraged. _ and you will surely pass it.AMake a bit more effortBTo make a bit more effortCMaking a bit more effortDIf you make a bit more effort解析：句意：“我已经练习英语口语好多次了，但是口语测试的时候还是没有通过。”“别灰心。再多努力一下你就一定会通过的。”make a bit more effort省略了主语you。B、C项均不符合语法，D项则有对方没有付出努力的意思，不符合语境，故选A。答案：A13(2013浙江重点中学调研)_
44、seems to be no possibility _ the shy girl can win the first prize in the contest.AThere; that BIt; thatCThere; whether DIt; whether解析：句意：那个羞涩的女孩在比赛中得第一似乎没有可能。There is/seems to be no possibility that .“没有可能/好像没有可能”，为固定句型。答案：A14(2013南京一模)Its estimated that the number of the candidates, applying for th
45、e position as a civil servant, _ already well over 3, 000.Aare Bwill beCis Dwere解析：考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，句子的主语是the number of the candidates，谓语动词应用单数形式，再加之此处是对客观事实的一种陈述，故用一般现在时态。答案：C15(2012山东高考)When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or _.Awhoever BwhereverCwhatever Dhowever解析：句意：你看完
46、书后，把书给Lucy或Helen，或谁都行。whoever在这里作代词，意为“不管什么人；无论是谁”，符合题意。答案：A16Li Hua, together with his sisters, _ great interest in the film The Founding of a Republic. A. show B. will showC. are showing D. is showing解析：句意：李华和他的姐姐们都对电影建国大业感兴趣。together with在连接名词作主语时，谓语动词与前面的名词保持一致。由句意可知应用现在进行时。答案：D17(2012南昌二模)It wa
47、s with great excitement one morning in July _ the young man read a classified advertisement.Awhen BthatCwho Dwhich解析：考查强调句。句意：在七月的一个早上，那个年轻人兴奋地读着一条分类广告。此句中强调的是with great excitement one morning in July，它在句中作状语。强调句的一般结构为It is/was .that/who其他部分，故选B。答案：B18(2013河南洛阳统考)John really said that. _？ I cant bel
48、ieve it.ADidnt he BDid heCDid it DDidnt it解析：根据答语中的第二句可知第二个说话者对此感到怀疑。Did he？是Did he really say that？的省略形式。答案：B19(2013河南洛阳高三统考)Its too messy in your room. Look, by the washing machine _ a pile of dirty clothes.Aare lied BlayCare lying Dlie解析：考查时态与倒装。地点状语位于句首时句子要采用全部倒装语序；由“Look”可知此处描述的是现在的状态，故用一般现在时。答
49、案：D20(2013江西八校联考)_for the boy to talk with his mouth full!AWhat bad manners they areBHow bad manners they areCWhat bad manners it isDHow bad manners it is解析：考查感叹句。句意：那个男孩满口食物说话是多么不礼貌啊！中心词manners是名词，所以用what修饰，排除B、D两项；manners作“礼貌”讲，谓语动词用单数，排除A项。其陈述句语序为：It is bad manners for the boy .。答案：C.语法与阅读用所学语法知识
50、破译下列长难句1(2012江苏高考阅读B)Never before have we had the innovations (创新) in technology which have led to agriculture in this country being the most efficient it has ever been. 结构分析Never before have we是否定词提前的部分倒装句；which have .是定语从句，先行词为innovations；其中结构lead to sth. (sth.s) doing，意为“导致”。尝试翻译在此之前，我们国家在农业技术上的创
51、新从来没有使农业实现最高效的发展。2(2012山东高考阅读D)Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.结构分析while watching TV为省略句，相当于while they are watching TV；to check on whether the laundry is done为不定式作目的状语；rather than意为“而不是”。尝试翻译不用起身检查衣服是否洗好了
52、，使用者可在看电视的同时用电话控制洗衣机。.语法与写作按要求完成下列写作佳句(句式转换)1I didnt realize that Canada was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather until I came here. (强调时间状语)It_was_not_until_I_came_here_that I realized Canada was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.2While you are surfing the Internet,
53、 you shouldnt focus your eyes on it too long.(变为省略句)While_surfing_the_Internet,_you shouldnt focus your eyes on it too long.3Although I felt disappointed at the shabby campus and the poorlyequipped classroom, I found the teachers patient and considerate.(变为部分倒装)Disappointed_as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorlyequipped classroom, I found the teachers patient and considerate.