1、选修8 Unit 1A land of diversity核心单词distinctdistinctionmeans1._ adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的_n.差别；区分；卓著majoritymajorminority2._ n.手段；方法3._ n.大多数；大半_ adj.主要的；大多数的vi.主修；专攻_ n.少数_ adj.少数的；少部分的minorhardship4._ n.苦难；困苦5._ vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人_n.选举electelectionpercentageapplicant6._ n.百分比；百分率apply7._ n.申请人_ v.申请_ n.申请8._ n.海
2、关；关税；进口税applicationcustoms9._ n.社会主义者；社会党人adj.社会主义者的_ n.社 会主 义_ adj.社 会的；社 交的socialistsocialism_ n.社会；组织soczialsocietyoccuroccurrenceindicateindication10._ vi.发生；出现_ n.发生；产生11._ vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示_ n.迹象_ n.指示器，指示物indicator12._ adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的_adv.显然地；显而易见地apparentapparently13._ n.闸；刹车；制动器vi.&vt.刹(车)；
3、用制动器减速brakehire14._ vt.&n.租用；雇用nowherepunishmentpunish15._ adv.无处；到处都无16._ n.处罚；惩罚_ v.惩罚；处罚17._ n.正义；公平_(反义词)_adj.公平的_ adj.不公平的justiceinjustice18._ adj.公民的；国内的；民间的19._ vt.&vi.改革；革新n.改革；改造；改良20._ vt.&n.抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会justunjustcivilreformgrasp常考短语distinctionlivemeans1.have the _ of.具有特征2._ on 继续存在；继续生存3.
4、by _ of 用办法；借助4._ a _ 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等5._ up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)6._ to _ 背靠背makelife7._ up with 与合作或一起工作keepbackbackteammarktakegreat/goodmany8._ out 用线画出范围；标出界线9._ in 包括；吸收10.a _ _ 许多；很多11._ for 申请；请示得到12.the _ of.大多数applymajority经典佳句thethirdlargeststate1.California is _ _ _ _ inthe USA but has the large
5、st population.加利福尼亚是美国第三大州，但有着最多的人口。2.Exactly when the first people arrived in _ _ _ _ California,no one really knows.没有人知道第一批移民者确切在什么时候到达我们今天称为加利福尼亚的地方。whatwenowknowasItisbelievedthat3._ _ _ _ before long themix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinctmajor racial or cultura
6、l groups,but simply a mixture of many racesand cultures.人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族、多文化的混合体。课文回顾largestfromarrivedmoreCalifornia is the third largest state in the USA but has the1._(large)population.It has attracted people 2._all over the world.No one really knows when the f
7、irst people3._(arrive)in what we now know as California.Now thereare 4._ Native Americans 5._(live)in Californiathan in any other state.California 6._(rule)by Spainand there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state.Peoplelivingwas ruledbegan settling in California 7._ gold was discoveredther
8、e.But people from Africa 8._(live)there.It isbelieved that before long the mix of nationalities will be so greatthat there 9._(be)no major 10._(race)or culturalgroups,but simply a mixture of many cultures.whenhave been livingwill beracial单句语法填空1.(2017 年新课标卷阅读理解 C)The disappearance of thewolves had m
9、any unexpected results.Deer and elk populations_ (majority)food sources (来 源)for the wolfgrewrapidly.majorto occur2.(2017 年江苏卷任务型阅读)A great decline in young workforce is likely _(occur)in China，for instance.3.(2018 年天津卷阅读理解D)Curiosity gave us all a naturalawareness.But _(distinct)that were sharp to
10、us aschildren become unclear;we are numb(麻木的)to new stimulation(刺激),new ideas.distinctionsjustice4.We can acknowledge that oppression will always be with us,and still strive for _(just).5.He _(elect)president of the Student Unionlast week.was elected6.We often forget that there is no finite amount o
11、f rightknowledge,and _ we know as a society constantlychanges.what7._(apparent),she took no notice of the apparentmistakes in the accident.Apparentlymerelyto8.(2018 年新课标卷阅读理解C)The median number(中位数)of speakers is _(mere)6,000,which that half theworlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.9
12、.When Babbage was working at Cambridge,a new ideaoccurred _ him.indicating10.There is a great deal of evidence_(indicate)that listening to soft music can reduce stress.1.means n.手段；方法by means of.用方法；借助by all means 一定，务必；尽一切办法；当然可以by no means 绝不；一点也不by this means 用这种方法用法指引means 作“方式；方法；手段”讲时，单复数同形。若a
13、ll/some/several/many means 做主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若every/each/one/a means 做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。运用单句语法填空(1)For most people,the car is still their main _(mean)of transport.meansBywas(2)_ means of computer,people can read electronicbooks.has been triedhave beem tried(3)By no means _ he satisfied with the job and heask
14、ed us to finish it by all means.(4)Every possible means _ (try),but none hasworked.All possible means _(try),but none has worked.2.occur vi.发生；出现occur to.(主意等)浮现于脑海中；被想起It occurs to sb.that-clause 某人突然想起It occurs to sb.to do sth.某人突然想起做某事用法指引occur 常与介词 to 搭配，相当于动词 happen，不能用于被动语态。联想发散表示“某人突然想起”还有以下表
15、达方法：It strikes/hits sb.that.It dawns on/upon sb.that.运用单句语法填空didoccurredstruck(1)When _ the accident occur?(2)It _ (occur)to her that she should adopt thehomeless child.tooccurredIt _(strike)her that she should adopt the homelesschild.(3)It never occurred _ him that he could make such agreat success
16、 in teaching career.(4)(2018年北京卷 七选五型阅读理解)Also,sometimespre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition,but rather atemporary state before a triggering event has _(occur).3.indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示indicate sth.(to sb.)(向某人)指示/指出/暗示某物indicate that-clause 表示；示意indication n.表明；显示一词多义(1)She took o
17、ut a map and indicated the quickest route to us.指出(2)A red sky at night often indicates fine weather the next day.表明(3)In his letter he indicated to us that he was willing to help us.暗示indicatesindicatedis indicated运用单句语法填空(1)His attitude _ (indicate)that he is not veryhappy with what you are doing.
18、(2)A flashing red light _(indicate)that a stretchof road was undergoing repairs.(3)As _(indicate)in the survey,more and morepeople choose to travel abroad.(4)There are clear _(indicate)that the economyis improving.indications4.hire vt.&n.租用；雇用for hire 供出租on hire 出租的；雇用用法指引hire 主要强调短时间、临时的雇用。易混辨析hire
19、,employ 和 rent(1)hire 是日常用语，指按工作量或时间雇用人或租借东西，有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人以收取费用”之意；多指临时租用某物。指人时，有“雇用”“受雇”两种含义。(2)employ 较正式，多指商店或公司长期雇用人手；受雇人员较广，甚至包括社会地位较高的职业人员，有“聘请”之义。(3)rent 一般指租借房屋、地产(出去)；也有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人以收取费用”之意；多用于长时间的场合。employmentrented运用使用上述辨析词语的适当形式填空(1)(2018 年北京卷 阅读理解B)More than 750,000 ha
20、vegraduated from SAC,with many seeking _ inengineering,aviation,education,medicine and a wide variety ofother professions.(2)In order to stay comfortable,we _ a house by thesea for the summer holidays.hired(3)During the holidays,we _ a boat and went fishing.1.live on 继续存在；继续生存live on sth.以某物为食；靠某种经济
21、来源生活live through sth.经历某事而幸存live up to sth.依照某事物行事；符合某事物的标准live with sth.接受或容忍某事物写作佳句She died ten years ago but her memory lives on.她十年前就去世了，但她仍留在人们的记忆中。onthroughtowith运用用适当的介词或副词填空(1)The lonely old man lives _ charity.(2)We Chinese people will live _ this disastertogether.(3)Ifyouhavethismindset,yo
22、uwillalways bedisappointed.People will never live up _ your expectations.(4)The brave girl is learning to live _ her disability.2.make a life 习惯新的生活方式、工作等；创造生活come to life 苏醒过来，恢复生气；变得更有趣；变得活跃come back to life 苏醒过来；死而复生bring.back to life 使苏醒过来live/lead a.life 过着的生活联想发散常见“make an.”的词组有：make a bargain
23、 达成协议；成交make a promise 做出承诺make a choice 做出选择make a living 谋生make a profit 获得收益make a decision 决定下来；作出决定；下决心make a deal with与做生意；和妥协运用单句语法填空(1)They settled down in Canada and made _ life forthemselves.atolive(2)The village,which had seemed deserted,immediately came_ life.(3)The unemployed usually _(
24、live)a hard life.3.team up with 与合作或一起工作team up 合作cooperate with 与合作put up with 忍受catch up with 赶上keep up with 跟上come up with 提出写作佳句In our daily life,we should learn how to team up with peoplearound us.日常生活中，我们应学会如何与我们身边的人合作。运用完成句子，每空一词(1)这两家公司合作研发这种微波炉。The two companies have _ _ to develop thiskind
25、 of microwave.teamedupcooperatewith(2)约翰情愿独自经商，不愿与人合伙。John preferred to go into business alone rather than_ _ anyone else.putupwithit(3)我们改变不了这种坏天气，所以只好忍受它。We cant change the bad weather,so we must _ _ _.keepupwith(4)他努力跟上班上其他同学。He made a great effort to _ _ _ therest of the class.4.take in 包括；吸收；理解
26、；欺骗take on 接受；雇用；穿上；呈现take up 从事；占用take out 拿出来；切除；去掉take away 拿走；带走take down 取下来；记下；拆卸用法指引(1)take sth.in 指“吸入；吸收；包含；承接；理解某事”；(2)take sb.in 指“欺骗某人；收留某人”。ininonup运用用适当的介词或副词填空(1)The native plants could take _ more water andrelease more of it to the atmosphere.(2)Lesley explains every possible treatme
27、nt but you can tellshe doesnt take it _.(3)You may take _ an extra job and get a nice raise.(4)We need to encourage more people to take _ theprofession.原句1California is the third largest state in the USA buthas the largest population.加利福尼亚是美国第三大州，但有着最多的人口。the third 修饰 largest，意为“第三大的”。形容词的最高级前面可以被序数
28、词以及 by far，much，almost，nearly，not quite等词修饰。表示“第一大/长”等前面不用加 first，表示“第二、第三、第四”时，最高级前面才加 second,third,fourth.等。运用单句语法填空(1)Thames River is the _(two)longest and mostimportant river in Britain.(2)Mary is the third _(tall)girl in our class.secondtallest原句2Exactly when the first people arrived in what we
29、now know as California,no one really knows.没有人知道第一批移民者确切在什么时候到达我们今天称为加利福尼亚的地方。what we now know as California 是一个由关系代词 what 引导的名词性从句，做 arrived in 的宾语；what 相当于 the thing(s)that。因此，在名词性从句中可以用 the thing(s)that 取代的，就用 what。注意：(1)名词性从句中what 与that 的区别：that 在名词性从句中不充当句子成分，what 必须充当句子成分。(2)名词性从句中 what 与 whic
30、h 的区别：指代前文已经提到 过的对象或范围时，用 which，否则用 what。运用单句语法填空(1)_ he said sounds reasonable.(2)_ our team has won the game has been proved.(3)There are many books available.I dont know _ toread.WhatThatwhich原句3By the time California elected to become the thirty-firstfederal state of the USA in 1850,it was alrea
31、dy a multiculturalsociety.到 1850 年加利福尼亚成为美国第 31 个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。(1)by the time从句，意为“当的时候”，只是说过去某个时候的状况，主句常用一般过去时，而不用过去完成时。(2)by the time 引导时间状语从句，意为“到时候为止”。(3)by the time一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时。(4)by the time一般现在时，主句常用现在完成时或将来完成时。(5)by时间状语，主句的谓语动词也应用相应的完成时形式。had learned运用单句语法填空(1)(2018 年浙江卷完形填空)By th
32、e time I got home,I only_(have)a few hours to do my homework and I had to do itright away.(2)By the time he was twelve,he _(learn)mathematics all by himself.had运用所学语言基础知识，补充完整下面短文，并背诵下来In 1848,gold was discovered in California.The dream ofbecoming rich 1._(attract)the Chinese.2._，few achieved their
33、dreams.The 3._(major)still chose toremain in California to make a life despite great hardship.Theircells were cold and damp,but they had 4._(where)togo.Their miserable life seemed to be 5._(punish)rather than justice.They wrote poems to mourn their former life inChina.In the meanwhile,they 6._(apply
34、)for right to liveattractedHowevermajoritynowherepunishmentappliedin the USA,but it was not until the civil authorities reformed thesystem 7._ they were able to grasp the opportunity.The8._(custom)and languages live on in their new home.Today,a large 9._(percent)of Chinese-Americanslive in the Chinatowns,still keeping 10._ their Chineseculture.The history of the early immigrants makes us thankful forthatour life today.percentageupcustom