1、Section Grammar语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句后自主感悟when，where，why，prep.which/whom引导的定语从句1.The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.2.It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.3.He was generous with his time，for which I was grateful.4.The schoo
2、l where I studied for only two years was three kilometres away.5.However，this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.6.The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.7.until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.8.The parts
3、of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.9.The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.10.we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important，or fight the government.1.关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语(第1、5、
4、6句)；关系副词where在定语从句中作地点状语(第4、7、9句)。2.“prep.关系代词”的结构中，which用于指代物(第3、8、10句)；whom用于指代人(第2句)。一、关系副词的用法关系副词在引导定语从句时，其功能相当于介词短语，在句中作状语。when，where，why在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。1when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。I still remember the day when I first went to the Great Wall.我还记得我第一次去长城的那一天。The day when we get together will co
5、me soon.我们重聚的日子很快就会来的。名师点津若时间名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that引导。Do you remember the days(which/that)we spent together?你还记得我们一起度过的那些日子吗？(关系词在从句中作spent的宾语)2where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.我10年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。He is now working in the factory where his
6、father worked.现在他正在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。名师点津若地点名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that。The school(which/that)we visited yesterday is newly built.我们昨天参观的那所学校是新建的。(关系代词which/that在从句中作宾语)3why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。The reason why he succeeded in the exam is that he studied very hard.他考试成功的原因是他学习很认真。名师点津reason后的定语从句的引导词
7、若在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用which或that。This is the reason(which/that)our teacher gave us for doing it.这就是我们老师给我们的做此事的理由。(关系代词在从句中作宾语)He gave me a reason that/which was reasonable.他给了我一个合情合理的理由。(关系代词在从句中作主语)即时演练1用适当的关系词填空He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.The factory where his father works is in the eas
8、t of the city.This is the reason which/that he offered at the meeting.二、关系代词作介词的宾语关系代词作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前，形成“介词关系代词”结构。该结构中的关系代词可用which，whom或whose。1介词的选用“介词关系代词”结构中的介词可以依据与从句中谓语动词的搭配、与先行词的搭配或句子意义来确定。This is the camera with which he often takes photos.这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(根据与先行词的搭配确
9、定)This is the pilot with whom my father has worked for ten years.这就是和我爸爸一起工作了10年的那位飞行员。(根据意义搭配确定)名师点津(1)某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词关系代词”可以同关系副词when、where和why互换。I still remember the time when(in which)I was in college.我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。This is the hotel where(in which)they stayed.这就是他们待过的旅馆。This is the reaso
10、n why(for which)he left in a hurry.这就是他匆匆离去的原因。(2)有些“动词介词”短语，如look for，look after，send for，call on，come across，long for等，不可拆开把介词置于关系代词之前。The doctor that you sent for has not come.你派人去请的那个医生还没有来。2关系代词的选择“介词关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不可用who/that；先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能用that。This
11、 is the student for whom I bought a book.这就是我给其买书的那个学生。This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.这就是我去上海所乘的船。3“名词/数词/代词等介词of关系代词”结构。有时“介词关系代词”前还会有名词、数词、代词等，表示部分、整体、数量等概念。The river，the banks of which are covered with trees，flows to the sea.这条河流入大海，河的两岸种满了树。He has three sons，two of whom are teacher
12、s.他有三个儿子，其中有两个是老师。Maria has written two novels，both of which have been made into television series.玛丽亚已经写了两部小说，这两部都被拍成了电视剧。即时演练2单句语法填空Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved.Many young people，most of whom were welleducated，headed for remo
13、te regions to chase their dreams.Is this the car for which you paid a high price?.单句语法填空1The valley where the town lies is very beautiful.2I will never forget the days when we stayed together in the countryside.3He is a teacher of rich experience，from whom much can be learned.4Andrew lives alone and
14、 enjoys the company of a pet cat，of which hes grown so fond.5The reason why he was late was that something was wrong with his bike on the way.6The film in which he played the leading role was a great success.7The house for which he paid 200，000 yuan is now worth 350，000 yuan.8The man from whom I got
15、 a letter was my brother.9In our city there are several big public parks to which many people can go to enjoy the beautiful scenery.10This is the factory that/which I visited last year.完成句子1愚人节是人们可以和朋友开玩笑的日子。April Fools Day is a day on which/when people play jokes on friends21945年是二战结束的时间。The year 1
16、945 was the time in which/when the Second World War was at an end3这附近有没有可以买到花的商店？Is there a shop near here at which/where I can buy some flowers?4我在我们吃午餐的那家餐馆里丢了钱包。I lost my wallet in the restaurant at which/where we had lunch5我不给你写信的原因是我不知道你的地址。The reason for which/why I didnt write to you was that
17、 I didnt know your address.6你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？Can you tell me the reason for which/why you didnt come to his birthday party?7任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。There are occasions when/on which one must give in8他在当地的一所语法学校接受教育，之后他去了剑桥大学。He was educated at a local grammar school，after which he went to Cambridge.9请把书放在你容易找到的地方。Keep the books in a place in which/where you can find them easily10让我最吃惊的不是他说的话而是他说话的方式。What surprised me most was not what he said but the way that/in which he said it