1、2014届高考英语二轮复习阅读专题优化训练：日常生活类阅读21Everyone wants to have a healthy heart. Still, heart diseases affect more than 1 in 3 adults in the United States. The good news is that some simple, everyday habits can make a big difference in your ability to live a healthy lifestyle. Here are some worst habits for y
2、our heart, and how to avoid them.Watching TV Sitting for hours on end increases your risk of heart attack and stroke(中风),“some exercise doesnt make up for the time you sit,”says Harmony R. Reynolds, Why? The lack of movement may affect blood levels of fats and sugars. Dr. Reynolds advises walking ar
3、ound regularly and, if youre at work, standing up to talk on the phone.Leaving hostility and depression unchecked Are you feeling stressed or sad? It can do harm to your heart. While everyone feels this way some of the time, how you handle these emotions can affect your heart health.“Those with stre
4、ss are in greater danger; research has shown a benefit to laughter and social support,” Dr. Reynolds says. “And its helpful to be able to go to someone and talk about your problems.”Cutting off from the world Its no secret that on some days, other human beings can seem annoying and too difficult to
5、get along with. However, it makes sense to strengthen your connections to the ones you actually like. People with stronger connections to family, friends, and society in general tend to live longer, healthier lives. Everyone needs alone time, but you should still reach out to others and keep in touc
6、h whenever you can.Drinking (too much) alcohol Sure, studies suggest a small amount of alcohol may be good for your heart. However, too many of us drink over. Too much alcohol is linked to a greater risk of high blood pressure, high levels of blood fats, and heart failure.1Watching TV for a long tim
7、e may _.A. help you live a healthy life B. lead to heart attackC. make up for the time you sit D. make you feel stressed2Which of the following is bad for those with stress and sadness?A. Laughing a lot B. Talking about their own problems.C. Getting social support D. Leaving these emotions alone.3If
8、 you want a long healthy life, you should_.A. cut off from the world B. get along well with othersC. stay alone as much as possible D. drink no alcohol4From the passage we can infer that _.A. some everyday habits can help avoid heart attacksB. standing up to talk on the phone is not a good ideaC. it
9、s easy to strengthen your connections to othersD. too much alcohol is not linked to heart failure【答案】1B2D3B4A【解析】试题分析：文章大意：人人都想拥有健康的身体，但往往事与愿违。在美国有三分之一的成年人有心脏方面的疾病。但值得高兴的是，小小的简单的生活习惯就能对你的健康生活方式起重要作用。一起来学习一下吧！1B 细节理解题。根据句子Sitting for hours on end increases your risk of heart attack and stroke可以找到答案B。
10、2 D 细节理解题。 根据第二个黑标题的内容可以找到对应的选项D。3B 细节推断题。 根据标题三内容People with stronger connections to family, friends, and society in general tend to live longer, healthier lives. 所以答案选B。4A 推理判断题。根据第一段的主题内容直接推断选A。根据标题一的句子if youre at work, standing up to talk on the phone.推断B错误。根据标题四的句子Too much alcohol is linked to
11、a greater risk of high blood pressure排除D选项。考点：考查日常生活类短文阅读A new study suggests that the roundtheclock availability that cell phones have brought to peoples lives may take a toll on family life. The study，which followed more than 1,300 adults over 2 years, found that those who consistently used a mobi
12、le phone throughout the study period were more likely to report negative “spillover” between work and home lifeand，in turn，less satisfaction with their family life.Spillover essentially(本质上)means that the line between work and home begins to become unclear. Work life may invade home life when a pare
13、nt is taking jobrelated calls at home，for instanceor family issues may start to take up work time. For example，a child may call mum at work，telling her “microwave exploded”，explained Noelle Chesley，an assistant professor of sociology at the University of WisconsinMilwaukee and the author of the stud
14、y. The problem with cell phones seems to be that they are allowing for even more spillover between work and home.This may be especially true for working women，the study found. Among men，consistent use of mobile phones seemed to allow more work issues to creep (潜入)into family time. But for women，the
15、spillover tended to go in both directions. Being “connected” meant that work cut into home time，and family issues came into work life.Cell phones seem to be opening more lines for stressful exchanges among family members. But there may be ways to control the spillover，according to Chesley. Employers
16、, she said，could look at their policies on contacting employees after hours to make sure their expectations are “reasonable”For their part，employees could decide that cell phones go off during family time, Chesley said.5What does the underlined phrase “take a toll on” probably mean in Paragraph 1?Ae
17、xplaining. Bfounding. C. extending Ddamaging.6According to Chesley，what is the best solution to the problem caused by cell phones?ASeparate work hours from family time. BRefuse to use cell phones.CIgnore coming calls during family time. DEncourage women to stay at home.7We can learn from the passage
18、 that _.Acell phones affect men as much as womenBcell phones seem to be convenient to familiesCcell phones make the line between work and home unclear Dwe can do nothing to solve the problem8What is the main idea of the passage?A. How to control the negative spillover caused by cell phones.B. How wo
19、rk life invades home life.C. Consistent use of cell phones makes people feel less satisfied with their work.D. Cell phones cause negative spillover between work life and home life. 【答案】 5D6A7C8D【解析】试题分析：文章大意：一项研究表明24小时不间断的用手机会严重危害家人的生活，让工作和生活互相影响，不能分开。你是不是也是其中一员呢？5D 词义推断题。根据第一句A new study suggests t
20、hat the roundtheclock availability that cell phones have brought to peoples lives may take a toll on family life.可以推断手机的不间断的使用对家庭生活会产生什么样的影响，很自然就想到会产生不好的影响甚至是危害，所以推断是damage。6A 细节理解题。 根据文章最后一段的句子For their part，employees could decide that cell phones go off during family time, Chesley said.说明她提出的解决办法是
21、在家里时就把手机关掉，即把工作时间和家庭时间分开，所以选A。7C 细节理解题。根据第二段开头Spillover essentially(本质上)means that the line between work and home begins to become unclear.很明显选择答案为C。8D 主旨大意题。一项研究表明24小时不间断的用手机会严重危害家人的生活，让工作影响生活。所以答案选择D。考点：考查调查研究类阅读When a dirty and untidy orange cat showed up in the prison yard，I was one of the first
22、 to go out there and pet itI hadnt touched a cat or a dog in over 20 yearsI spent at least 20 minutes，knelt down behind the kitchen as the cat rolled around，relaxedWhat he was expressing outwardly, I was feeling inwardlyIt was an amazing bit of grace to feel him under my hand and note that I was rea
23、ching a life or another creature with something as simple as my care Over the next few days，there were other prisoners responding to the catEvery yard period，a group of prisoners gathered thereThey stood around talking and taking turns petting the catThese were guys you wouldnt usually find talking
24、to each otherSeveral times I saw an officer in the group，not chasing people away, but just watching and seeming to enjoy along with the prisonersBowls of milk and water appeared along with bread, wisely placed under the edge of the dustbin to keep the birds from getting it The cat was obviously home
25、less and in pretty bad shapePeople said that the cat came to the right placeHes getting treated like a kingThis was truebut as I watched I was also thinking about what the cat was doing for usThere was a lot of talk about whats wrong with prisons in AmericaWe need more programsWe need more psycholog
26、ists or treatment of various kindsSome may even talk about making prisons more kindBut I think what we really need is a chance to practise our own kindnessNot receive it，but give itAfter more than two decades here，I know kindness is not a value thats encouragedIts often seen as a weakness Instead，th
27、e culture encourages keeping your head down，minding your own business，and never letting yourself be weak The cat did my heart good to see the effect he had on me and the men hereBy simply saying，”I need some help here”，he did something important for usHe needed usAnd we needed to be neededI believe
28、we all do9Which of the following statements is true?AThe cat was dirty because it was kept in prisonBThe officer in the prison enjoyed petting the catCThe prisoners prepared food for both the cat and birdsDThe author realized the importance of practising kindness10We can infer from the third paragra
29、ph that_Ashowing love to others can make prisoners strongBthe American prison culture will be improvedCthe author is not content with the prison cultureDcaring for others is encouraged in American prisons11What is the best title for the passage?ACaring Makes US Human BPrison Culture is ImportantCAni
30、mals Need Care DEveryone Needs to be Cared for12In Paragraph 2，the author mentioned that Several times I saw an officer in the Group, not chasing people away, but just watching and seeming to enjoy along with the prisoners. to_ Ashow us the officer and prisoners get along well with each otherBshow u
31、s the American prison culture does need improvementCshow us the officer and prisoners all like catDshow us the American prison culture is great【答案】9D10C11A12B【解析】试题分析：文章大意：本文讲述了一只脏兮兮的小猫进入了监狱，却得到了监狱里的囚犯们的一致欢迎。说明正是因为人们身上存在的善良让我们成为人。让作者认识到善良的重要性，也意识到美国的监狱文化急需改善。9D推理判断题。根据第三段最后3行But I think what we real
32、ly need is a chance to practise our own kindnessNot receive it，but give itAfter more than two decades here，I know kindness is not a value thats encouragedIts often seen as a weakness说明作者意识到行善的重要性，故D正确。10C 推断判断题。根据第三段There was a lot of talk about whats wrong with prisons in AmericaWe need more progra
33、msWe need more psychologists or treatment of various kindsSome may even talk about making prisons more kind说明作者认为美国的监狱里的监狱文化有很大的问题。故C正确。11A 主旨大意题。本文讲述了一只小猫进入了监狱，得到了监狱里的囚犯们的一致欢迎。说明正是因为人们身上存在的善良让我们成为人。让作者认识到善良的重要性。故A正确。12B 推断判断题。根据作者所提，连监狱的狱警都对这只猫表现出爱心，没有驱散囚犯，而是和他们一起来享受这一轻松时刻。说明美国的监狱的确没什么让人感兴趣的地方，没有文化
34、可言，的确有待改善。考点：考查人生百态类短文阅读。Your youngest son or daughter has just graduated from high school, and soon he or she will trade his or her bedroom in your home for a college residence hall. Youre starting to worry about the coming silence in your home and are wondering how you will fill the hours that you
35、 previously spent with your son or daughter attending his or her school and sporting events. Take heart the empty nest “is often worse in anticipation (预料) than in day-to-day practice”, says psychologist Bert Hayslip Jr. Hayslip, who has studied retirement adjustment (调整) and other aging problems, s
36、uch as aging sleeplessness, for many years, points out that, more often than not, children who leave do not completely cut off contact with their parents. He advises parents to think of it as a series of life events, instead of a sudden change. He also says an empty nest can cause bigger problems to
37、 surface “if a couple hasnt looked after their marriage while raising their children”. According to Hayslip, some couples may find they no longer have anything in common once the children are out of the house. Thinking of an empty nest as the loss of children makes the adjustment more difficult. “Wi
38、th the empty-nest syndrome (综合症), parents actually need to deal with the loss of the parenting control over children, not with having really lost their children,” Hayslip says. “They just have to find a new way to get along with their children.” “Relating to their college-age children in this new wa
39、y will come easily to parents as the months pass. As with many things, the passage of time heals the pain of loss,” Hayslip says.13What does the “empty nest” mean?A. Childrens cutting off contact with their parents. B. Childrens not liking spending time with their parents. C. Childrens growing up an
40、d leaving home. D. Childrens not accepting parents care and love. 14What does the underlined word “it” in the third paragraph refer to? A. Retirement adjustment. B. Aging problem. C. Sleeplessness. D. The reality of empty nest.15Why do many parents find it hard to adjust to the empty-nest life？ A. B
41、ecause they think they have actually lost their children. B. Because they often disagree with their children on many things. C. Because their children completely cut off contact with them. D. Because these parents dont have anything in common. 16According to Hayslip, what parents actually lose in an
42、 “empty nest” is _. A. their childrens love for them B. their control over children C. their interest in lifeD. their contact with children 【答案】13C14D15A16B【解析】试题分析：当孩子高中毕业，搬到大学宿舍的时候，你有没有一种失落感，并且开始担心如何去面对家里即将来临的沉寂，空旷呢？你是不是担心如何去填充那些以前和孩子们在一起的时间呢？在本文中作者就此现象进行了深入的剖析，并且指出了家长应如何摆脱这种失落感。13C词义猜测题。文章第一段提出了孩
43、子们升入大学，从家里搬出去这一情况，然后在下文中就孩子离开家这种情况展开讲述，由此推断empty nest指的是孩子长大后离开家，从而家就像没了小鸟的巢穴一样，所以答案选C。14D词义猜测题。根据上文children who leave do not completely cut off contact with their parents.和下文 He also says an empty nest can cause bigger problems可知作者一直在讲述孩子离开家后家长会出现的一些不适应情况，由此推测 it指的是空巢问题，所以D选项正确。15A细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段Th
44、inking of an empty nest as the loss of children makes the adjustment more difficult.可知如果把孩子搬离家去外面居住看作是失去孩子的话，人们会很难去适应这种空巢生活，故A选项正确。16B细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段parents actually need to deal with the loss of the parenting control over children,可知Hayslip认为在空巢现象中家长失去的仅仅是家长对子女的心理控制感，故答案选B。考点：考查社会生活类短文阅读。Snow falls
45、in the Earths extreme North and South throughout the year. However， the heaviest snowfalls have been reported in the mountains of other areas during winter. Snow is even known to fall near the Equator (赤道)，but only on the highest mountains.Snow contains much less water than rain, but much of the wat
46、er the world uses comes from snow. Melting snow provides water for rivers, electric power stations and agricultural crops. In the western United States, mountain snow provides up to seventy-five percent of all surface water supplies.Snowfall helps to protect plants and some wild animals from winter
47、weather. Fresh snow is made largely of air trapped among the snow crystals (晶体). Because the air has trouble moving, the movement of heat is limited. Snow also influences the movement of sound waves. The surface of the snow takes in, or absorbs, sound waves. As snow grows older or if there have been
48、 strong winds, it can become hard and flat. Then, the snows surface will help to send back sound waves.Snow may be beautiful, but it can be deadly. It is responsible for the deaths of hundreds of people. Many people die in traffic accidents on roads covered with snow and ice or from being seriously
49、stuck in the winter storm. Others die from heart attacks caused by too much physical activity out in the cold.People may not be able to avoid living in areas where it snows often. However, they can avoid becoming victims of snowstorms. People should stop driving and stay at home until the storm has
50、passed. People living in these areas should carry emergency supplies in their vehicle. These include food，emergency medical supplies，and extra clothing to stay warm and dry.1Mountain snowfall _.Aprovides up to seventyfive percent of water supplies worldwideBhas never occurred near the Equator of the
51、 earthCbrings less of the water the world uses than rain doesDis heavier than that in the South and the North Poles2Snow protects plants and wild animals from cold weather by _.Asupplying much more airBlimiting heat movementCabsorbing strong windsDsending back sound waves3Snow can be deadly mainly b
52、ecause it can _.Acause road accidentsBmake people stuck in winter stormsCmake people victims of snowstormsDlead to heart attacks4What will the text probably tell us following the last paragraph? _.AHow to prevent heart attacks out in coldBWhere we can get emergency suppliesCHow to drive during snows
53、tormsDWhy we should stay warm and dry in winter【答案】【小题1】D【小题2】B【小题3】C【小题4】A【解析】试题分析：文章讲述了雪的作用，能帮助动植物过冬，是主要的水的来源，及讲到了如何来避免在暴风雪中成为受害者。【小题1】细节题。文章第一自然段Snow falls in the Earths extreme North and South throughout the year. However， the heaviest snowfalls have been reported in the mountains of other areas
54、 during winter.可知，南极或北极终年积雪，但是，最大的雪却经常发生在山区。可知，山区的雪量比南北极的大。选择D【小题2】细节题。从第三自然段Because the air has trouble moving, the movement of heat is limited.可知雪能够保护动植物过冬，是因为它能够阻止热的散失。故选B。【小题3】细节题。从第二自然段及第三自然段People may not be able to avoid living in areas where it snows often. However, they can avoid becoming v
55、ictims of snowstorms.可知，A,B,D选项只是某一方面，并不全面，C选项回答更为全面。使人们成为了暴风雪的受害者。【小题4】细节推断题。从文章最后一句话可知，人们应该常备一些急救的药物或温暖的衣服，所以接下来应该是讲在冬天的户外如何来防止心脏病的发生。故选A。考点：考查日常生活类短文Nowadays more and more people are trapped in too busy work to relax themselves. We have no time to tell a bed-time story to our children, or enjoy a
56、 nice dinner with our family, or take a break to think about how we live the precious life, or even meet friends. All we notice is that the distinctions that used to guide and steady us between Sunday and Monday, public and private, here and thereare gone. We have more ways to communicate, but less
57、and less to say. Partly because were so busy communicating. Maybe thats why more and more people I know, even if they have no religious belief, seem to be turning to yoga, or meditation, or tai chi. Some friends of mine try to go on long walks every Sunday, or to “forget” their cell phones at home.
58、A series of tests in recent years has shown that their brains become both calmer and sharper after spending time in quiet rural settings. In my own case, I often turn to extreme measures to try to keep my sanity and ensure that I have time to do nothing at all. Ive not yet used a cell phone and Ive
59、never Tweeted or entered Face book. I try not to go online till my days writing is finished, and I moved from Manhattan to rural Japan. None of this is a matter of principle or asceticism (苦行主义): its just pure selfishness. Nothing makes me feel better-calmer, clearer and happier-than being in one pl
60、ace, absorbed in a book, a conversation, a piece of music. Its actually something deeper than mere happiness: its joy, which David Steindl-Rast describes as “that kind of happiness that doesnt depend on what happens.” That is the highest of the highest we have been longing forThe Joy of Quiet. 18The
61、 writer sometimes doesnt do anything because _.A. he is out of workB. whatever he does makes no senseC. he can enjoy himself in his leisure timeD. he is worried about his writing19What does the writer mean when using the word “forget” (in the 2nd paragraph)?A. Trapped in busy work, they are really f
62、orgetful.B. They think cell phone is not a suitable means of communication.C. They leave their cell phones at home on purpose.D. They hate modern techniques such as the cell phone.20Which of the following is right?A. The writer is unwilling to help others since he is selfish.B. Slowing down to find
63、deep-down joy is necessary.C. It is better to go back to the ancient times since we are so busy now.D. We have more to say because we have more ways to communicate.21What is the main idea of the article?A. The importance of spending time in quiet.B. We can do some sports such as yoga to relax.C. To
64、feel better, we should do nothing at all.D. The more we communicate, the better we will feel.【答案】18C19C20B21A【解析】试题分析：文章主要讨论的是我们要花一点时间安静的生活，不受工作等的干扰，安静的享受生活。18C推断判断题。作者有时候喜欢什么都不干，结合倒数第一段Nothing makes me feel bettercalmer, clearer and happierthan being in one place, absorbed in a book, a conversation
65、, a piece of music.和倒数第二段可知，作者之所以这样是因为自己渴望宁静所带来的欢乐，故选C。19C推断判断题。根据第二段Some friends of mine try to go on long walks every Sunday, or to “forget” their cellphones at home说明他们是故意把电话留在家里，是不想受到干扰。故D正确。20B推断判断题。文章并非讲作者很自私，排除A。文章并没有提到要我们返回古代，排除C。文章第一段We have more ways to communicate, but less and less to sa
66、y.可知我们交流方式多了，但说的更少 了。排除D。慢下来去发现时间和空间进行思考和享受是很多人所缺少的，是比较紧迫的事情。说明B正确。21A主旨大意题。文章主要讨论的是我们要花一点时间安静的生活，不受工作等的干扰，安静的享受生活。故A正确。考点：议论文类阅读理解Nowadays more and more people are trapped in too busy work to relax themselves. We have no time to tell a bed-time story to our children, or enjoy a nice dinner with our
67、 family, or take a break to think about how we live the precious life, or even meet friends. All we notice is that the distinctions that used to guide and steady us between Sunday and Monday, public and private, here and thereare gone. We have more ways to communicate, but less and less to say. Part
68、ly because were so busy communicating.Maybe thats why more and more people I know, even if they have no religious belief, seem to be turning to yoga, or meditation, or tai chi. Some friends of mine try to go on long walks every Sunday, or to “forget” their cell phones at home. A series of tests in r
69、ecent years has shown that their brains become both calmer and sharper after spending time in quiet rural settings.In my own case, I often turn to extreme measures to try to keep my sanity and ensure that I have time to do nothing at all. Ive not yet used a cell phone and Ive never Tweeted or entere
70、d Face book. I try not to go online till my days writing is finished, and I moved from Manhattan to rural Japan.None of this is a matter of principle or asceticism (苦行主义): its just pure selfishness. Nothing makes me feel better-calmer, clearer and happier-than being in one place, absorbed in a book,
71、 a conversation, a piece of music. Its actually something deeper than mere happiness: its joy, which David Steindl-Rast describes as “that kind of happiness that doesnt depend on what happens.” That is the highest of the highest we have been longing forThe Joy of Quiet.1The writer sometimes doesnt d
72、o anything because _.Ahe is out of workBwhatever he does makes no senseChe can enjoy himself in his leisure timeDhe is worried about his writing2What does the writer mean when using the word “forget” (in the 2ndparagraph)?ATrapped in busy work, they are really forgetful.BThey think cell phone is not
73、 a suitable means of communication.CThey leave their cell phones at home on purpose.DThey hate modern techniques such as the cell phone.3Which of the following is right?AThe writer is unwilling to help others since he is selfish.BSlowing down to find deep-down joy is necessary.CIt is better to go ba
74、ck to the ancient times since we are so busy now.DWe have more to say because we have more ways to communicate.4What is the main idea of the article?AThe importance of spending time in quiet.BWe can do some sports such as yoga to relax.CTo feel better, we should do nothing at all.DThe more we commun
75、icate, the better we will feel.【答案】【小题1】D【小题2】D【小题3】C【小题4】B【解析】试题分析：本文主要讲述的就是通过在日常生活中使用电脑的状况反映出电脑对生活的影响，尤其是不好的影响，应引起我们的关注。【小题1】细节题。根据文章第1段内容可以看出作者在照看小孩之余也在使用着电脑的状况。故D正确。【小题2】细节题。根据第二段always assumed I was something limited to socially challenged guys who played too much World of Warcraft (a computer
76、game)可知D正确。【小题3】推理题。根据第三段Theres a movement among psychiatrists (doctors who specialize in mental diseases) to recognize the Internet addiction as an official mental disorder.可知C正确。【小题4】推理题。首先根据题干要求in the last but one paragraph为文章倒数第二段即第四段的内容，讲诉的是电脑是如何影响到家庭主妇的生活的。故B正确。考点：考查生活类短文阅读If youre like a lot
77、of married guys, you dont need to be reminded about men being from Mars or women from Venus. Chances are that youre all too familiar with the feeling that you and your wife are from different worlds. The way to have a successful marriage is through communication, common ground and understanding. Her
78、e are some pointers to guide you in the right direction.Pointer 1. Realize nobody can wave a magic wand to make you and your wife completely understand each other all the time. Accept the difference. Pointer 2. Rather than ending up in an endless back and forth, forget about the issue for a minute.
79、Instead, think about how you feel shes acting toward you and ask her if thats how she feels about you. Switching the focus to that shared feeling can help your wife see things from your point of view. Pointer 3. Rather than feel offended if you find out shes not as into your favorite hobby as you th
80、ought, appreciate the effort she put into making you happy. Swallow your pride and try to take part in some of her hobbies, too, even if you might be a little put off at first. While youre not going to be trying on makeup with her, you could try baking a recipe together. Pointer 4. If either of you
81、is always giving everything and getting nothing in return, theres going to be bitterness. The best marriages are built on compromise. You knew you were going to have to give and take for your marriage to work; now its time to make it happen.1The best subtitle of Pointer 3 is _.A. Find out her hobbie
82、sB. Swallow your pride (at least sometimes) C. Dont get offendedD. Try to make up2According to the last paragraph, its important for the husband and wife to_.A. give and takeB. get everything and return nothingC. live and let liveD. forgive and forget3Which of the following is NOT good for keeping a
83、 successful marriage?A. Try to understand each other all the way.B. Dont play the blame game.C. Focus on the feeling to get past the disagreement.D. She wont always understand you (but thats OK).【答案】1B2A3A【解析】试题分析：文章主要给出了给观点不同的婚姻双方的一些建议，从男方的视角入手，强调互相的理解与支持，才能化解矛盾。1标题选择题。第六段主要说的是在兴趣不相投是要学会Swallow you
84、r pride and try to take part in some of her hobbies，所以选B2细节题。根据文章最后一段，you were going to have to give and take for your marriage to work，可知需要给予和索取才能维持正常的婚姻。选择A。考点：考查日常生活类短文3细节题。根据第二段Realize nobody can wave a magic wand to make you and your wife completely understand each other all the time. Accept the difference.可知婚姻中是不可能完全一直相互理解的，所以选择A。