1、名词性从句名词性从句是高考常考的语法项目，主要考查对连接词的正确把握。分析历年各地的高考试题不难发现，连接代词what的用法是考查的热点。另外，在同位语从句中，经常考查that的用法。除此之外，其他连接词的用法以及从句的语序也时有考查。1(2013北京，31)_makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.AThat BWhat CWho DWhich解析考查名词性从句。此题题干部分is为系动词，the creative imagination of the writer为表语，故is之前为主
2、语从句。从句中缺少主语指事物，故填what。句意：使得这本书如此不同寻常的是作者富于创造的想象力。答案B2(2013湖南，28)Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell_close you may be to victory.Ahow Bthat Cwhich Dwhere解析考查名词性从句。动词tell之后为宾语从句，再可以看出宾语从句部分为感叹句转换而来，描述形容词close用how，故选A。答案A3(2013江西，30)_ one of you breaks the window will have to
3、 pay for it.AWhoever BWhatever CWhichever DWherever解析考查名词性从句。主句谓语为will have to pay，之前为主语从句，根据句意：无论你们其中哪个人弄坏窗子都得为之赔偿。whichever“无论哪一个”，故选C。答案C4(2013山东，30)Its good to know_the dogs will be well cared for while were away.Awhat Bwhose Cwhich Dthat解析考查名词性从句。动词know之后为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故用that表陈述一件实事。答案D5(2013陕西
4、，20)It remains to be seen _ the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhether解析考查名词性从句。题干中it作形式主语，真正主语为横线后的主语从句。判断主语从句中不缺少主干成分，因此排除代词B、C两项；“有待被观察”的事情应是不确定的事而不是表陈述，即排除表陈述的that应用whether表“是否”。答案D6(2013天津，15)_I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have fo
5、r my parents.AThat BWhich CWhether DWhat解析考查名词性从句。主句谓语为is，之前为主语从句，从句中缺少动词tell的直接宾语，指事物，故填what；而which意为“哪一个”，that、whether均不做成分。答案D7(2013新课标，26)Police have found_appears to be the lost ancient statue.Awhich Bwhere Chow Dwhat解析考查名词性从句。动词found后所接为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语指事物，故填上代词what。答案D8(2013浙江，16)The only way to
6、succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.Ahow Bthat Cwhich Dwhether解析考查名词性从句。此处belief后所接的从句对其内容进行解释说明，故为同位语从句，陈述一个事实，答案为B。答案B9(2013安徽，21)From space, the earth looks blue.This is _about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by w
7、ater.Awhy Bhow Cbecause Dwhether解析考查名词性从句。此处考查表语从句。根据句意：地球看起来是蓝色的。这是因为其表面71%是被水覆盖的。答案C10(2013四川，6)_you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.AWhen BHow CWhat DThat解析考查名词性从句。此句谓语动词为describes，之前的部分即为主语从句。主语从句中缺少谓语said的宾语，故选用代词what作said的宾语引导主语从句； that在名词性从句中不做成分，只表陈述的语气；而when和ho
8、w为副词，不能做主干成分。答案C自查自纠表题号12345678910得分考点正误思考我的盲点：我将_。【典例1】 It is by no means clear _ the president can do to end the strike.(2012新课标全国)Ahow Bwhich Cthat Dwhat解析考查主语从句的连词。根据从句可以看出这里do后缺少宾语，而且该句子没有先行词，It在句中作形式主语，可以判定这是主语从句，主语从句中缺少宾语，因此排除that和how；而which在名词性从句中表选择而且有一定的选择范围，该题没有给出可供选择的范围，所以排除which，故选what。
9、句意：总统能做什么来结束罢工根本不清楚。答案D【典例2】 His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _ it is he is trying to express.(2011安徽，33)Athat Bhow Cwho Dwhat解析句意：他的写作如此令人费解，很难弄清楚他到底想要说什么。what作express的宾语。答案D【典例3】 Before the problem can be solved，it must be obvious _ the problem itself is.(2011湖南，31)Awhat
10、Bthat Cwhich Dwhy解析句意：在解决问题之前必须弄清楚问题本身是什么。what引导主语从句，并在主语从句中充当表语。注：句中的it是形式主语。答案A1_ seems to be a strong competition in China for senior high students to enter universities does exist in other countries as well.AIt BWhich CWhat DThat解析在这个主语从句中，设空处作主语，故用what。答案C2Meals in Spain are quite different fro
11、m _ they have in China.Awhich Bwhat Cthat Dwhom解析主句中from后缺少宾语，从句中they have后也缺少宾语，所以用whatthe food that指“所吃的东西”。答案B3Believe it or not，Im sure that is _ people call the six sense.Awhen Bwhat Cwhich Dwhy解析句中call后缺少成分，所以用what。答案Bthat用于定语从句、宾语从句，what用于宾语从句、主语从句。做题时，首先通过分析句子结构来确定是什么类型的从句；其次看从句中缺哪种成分，缺主语或宾语
12、就考虑用代词what，who，whatever，whoever等，否则就考虑用副词。若不缺少任何句子成分就用that。【典例4】 It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.(2012山东 )Ahow Bwhether Cwhat Dwhy解析考查主语从句。句意：在这家商店，你是用现金还是用信用卡结账都没关系。结合句意可知应选whether。It是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语，whether表示“不管，是否”。连接副词how在从句中作方式状语，表示“怎样”，连接副词why在从句中作原因状语，表
13、示“为什么”，what是连接代词，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语，均不符合句意。答案B【典例5】 Weve offered her the job，but I dont know _ shell accept it.(2011山东)Awhere Bwhat Cwhether Dwhich解析考查宾语从句。句意：我们已经给她提供了一份工作，但是不知道她是否接受。根据句意可知选whether，意为“是否”。答案C【典例6】 The limits of a persons intelligence，generally speaking，are fixed at birth，but _ he rea
14、ches these limits will depend on his environment.(2011安徽)Awhere Bwhether Cthat Dwhy解析whether引导主语从句，意为“是否”。答案B 4(2011重庆)It is still under discussion _ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.Awhether Bwhen Cwhich Dwhere解析考查主语从句的引导词。句意：这个旧汽车站是否应该被一个现代化的旅馆取代还在讨论之中。本句中的It是形式主语，
15、真正的主语是从句“whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not”。whether在句中引导主语从句。答案A5(2009北京)At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _ it got any better.Awhen Bhow Cwhy Dif解析考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：起初他讨厌那份新工作，但是决定给自己几个月的时间，看看它是否会变得好些。答案D只用whether不用if的情
16、况：whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a引导主语从句并放在句首时，用whether；b引导表语从句时，用whether；c引导宾语从句并作介词宾语时，用whether；d从句后有“or not”时，用whether；e后接动词不定式时，用whether。【典例7】 I made a promise to myself _ this year，my first year in high school，would be different.(2012浙江)Awhether Bwhat Cthat Dhow解析此处是that引导的同位语从句，用
17、来解释说明a promise的具体内容，同时从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以用that引导。故选C项。答案C【典例8】 The notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meeting would be postponed.(2012江苏)Awhen Bthat Cwhether Dhow解析分析句子成分可知，“_ the meeting would be postponed”是同位语从句，解释说明notice的具体内容，从句不缺少成分，所以用that引导。答案B【典例9】 Modern science has given clear evi
18、dence _ smoking can lead to many diseases.(2011天津，13)Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dwhere解析句意：现代科学已经证明，吸烟会导致很多疾病。that在此引导一个同位语从句。答案C6_ was known to us all that Johnson had broken his promise _ he would give each of us a small gift.AAs；which BWhat；thatCIt；that DIt；which解析第一空it作形式主语，真正的主语是that Johnson.；第二空that引导
19、的是同位语从句，用以解释promise的内容。答案C7(2011辽宁，32)When the news came _ the war broke out，he decided，to serve in the army.Asince Bwhich Cthat Dbecause解析句意：当战争爆发的时候，他决定参军。that在此引导一个同位语从句，解释说明news的内容。答案C8Have you noticed the problem _ he is now in low spirits？_ come?Awhere；What Bthat；HowCin which；For Dwhat；As解析tha
20、t引导同位语从句，用以说明problem的内容；后面的How come“怎么会那样”为固定搭配。答案B连接代词that引导的同位语从句与关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别连接代词that引导同位语从句时，应放在某些抽象名词如news，word(消息)，idea，fact，hope，desire，thought等之后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，连接代词that只起引导同位语从句的作用，在从句中不担当任何成分，因此that引导的同位语从句是完整的，不缺任何成分。关系代词that引导定语从句时，关系代词that一方面起引导定语从句的作用，另一方面，that在定语从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。因此
21、，that引导的定语从句是残缺的。如：The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.(同位语从句，不缺任何成分)我们的足球队赢了比赛的消息令人鼓舞。The news(that)we heard on the radio was not true.(定语从句，缺少宾语)我们在收音机里听到的那个消息不是真的。【典例10】 It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office.(2012江西)Awhether Bwhere Cwhich Dthat
22、解析句意：他突然想起他把钥匙落在办公室里了。It occurred to sb that.表示“某人想起”。it在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。答案D【典例11】 _ was most important to her，she told me，was her family.AIt BThis CWhat DAs解析句子的主干为“_ was most important to her was her family”，很明显这里的主语是一个句子，所选的词既引导主语从句，又在从句中作主语，所以应选择what。she told me为插入语。答案C9(2012天津)It doesnt
23、 matter _ you turn right or left at the crossingboth roads lead to the park.Awhether Bhow Cif Dwhen解析句意：在十字路口无论你向左转还是向右转都没关系，两条路都通向公园。句中的It是形式主语，whether引导主语从句。whether.or.意为“是还是，不管还是”。答案A10It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.(2011江苏)Athat Bhow Cwhen Dwhy解析句意：那个男士为什么没有及时举报事
24、故尚不清楚。分析句子成分可知，此处是一个主语从句，再结合句意可知应用why引导。答案D11_ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.AAnyone BThe one CWhoever DWho解析句意：无论谁想住旅馆，都要自己付钱。whoever wants to stay in a hotel是主语从句，whoever在从句中作主语。如果选择A项，则要在后面加上who；B、D两项与本句中的their不符。答案C1引导词(1)从属连词作引导词：that，whether，if。(2)连接代词作引导词：what，who，which，wh
25、atever，whoever。(3)连接副词作引导词：how，when，where，whythat在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义，又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。2有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。常用句型注意：在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary(important，natu
26、ral，strange，etc.)that(should)do.It is suggested(requested，proposed，desired，etc.)that(should)do.【典例12】 As many as five courses are provided，and you are free to choose _ suits you best.(2012陕西)Awhatever Bwhichever Cwhenever Dwherever解析句意：提供了多达五门课程，你可以自由选择最适合你的一门。在一定范围内选择某一个用whichever，whichever引导宾语从句，并
27、在从句中作主语。答案B【典例13】 The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face.(2011北京)Awhat Bhow Cthat Dwhy解析句意：这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。结合语意可知选A，此处what引导的宾语从句是一个感叹句。答案A【典例14】 His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _ it is he is trying to express.(2011安徽)Athat Bhow Cwho D
28、what解析句意：他的书写如此令人困惑，以至于难以辨认他在试图表达什么。分析句子结构可知，定语从句he is trying to express后缺少宾语，因此用what。答案D12(2012辽宁)The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _ he could find about Mark Twain.Awherever BhoweverCwhatever Dwhichever解析句意：这个新来的人几天前去了图书馆，搜寻他能找到的任何关于马克吐温的资料。空处所填词引导宾语从句，并且在从句中作find的宾语，
29、指物，根据句意可知选whatever。答案C13(2012福建)We promise _ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.Awho Bwhom Cwhoever Dwhomever解析句意：我们许诺，任何参加这个聚会的人都会有与那个电影明星合影的机会。本句中promise sb sth表示“答应某人某事”，whoever引导一个宾语从句，作promise的间接宾语，且whoever在宾语从句中作主语，故选C。答案C14(2012四川)Scientists study _ human bra
30、ins work to make computers.Awhen Bhow Cthat Dwhether解析how引导宾语从句，并在从句中作状语，表示方式。答案B1that通常不可省略的情况(1)主语从句中，that从句置于句首时；(2)当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可省略；(3)由it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中，that也不可省略。2whever与no matter wh的用法区别whever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句；而no matter wh只能引导让步状语从句。如：Whatever I said，he wouldnt
31、 listen to me.No matter what I said，he wouldnt listen to me.无论我说什么，他都不会听我的。(让步状语从句)He would believe whatever I said.我说什么他都信。(宾语从句)另外，在whoever，whatever，whenever，wherever中，ever起强调作用，意为“究竟、到底”。如：Wherever have you been？你究竟去了哪里？【典例15】 Id like to start my own businessthats _ Id do if I had the money.(2011
32、江西)Awhy Bwhen Cwhich Dwhat解析句意：我想自己做生意那是我如果有钱就会做的事情。从句中的do是及物动词，缺少宾语，所以将A和B排除，这两个选项在从句中常常作状语。which引导名词性从句时，意为“哪个，哪些”，不合逻辑，故用what。答案D【典例16】 Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer，which is _ he never finishes anything.(2011山东)Athat Bwhen Cwhere Dwhy解析很显然，前文所说的(他是一个空谈家而不是一个实干家)是下文(他一事无成)的原因，由此可知应该选
33、why。答案D【典例17】 Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel，David Copperfield，was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.(2010北京)Awhat Bthat Cwhy Dwhether解析that引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，且that不充当句子的任何成分。其他选项不合题意。答案B15(2010江苏)I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays
34、.Thats _ I dont agree.You should have a more active life.Awhere Bhow Cwhen Dwhat解析说话人在星期天喜欢整天把自己关在家中听音乐，答话人对这一点不赞同。答语中“where I dont agree”是表语从句，表示的是抽象概念。假如选择D项，agree后要加上介词。答案A16The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park.Awhere Bhow Cwhen Dwhy解析句意：我们最后一次开心地玩是我们去水上乐园时。故这里用whe
35、n来引导表语从句。答案C17Engines are to machines _ hearts are to animals.Aas Bthat Cwhat Dwhich解析此处是固定句型A is to B what C is to D，意为“A对B之关系犹如C对D之关系”，因此选择what。答案C1引导词有连词that(that不可省)，whether；代词有who，whom，what，which；副词when，where，how，why等。如：The problem is that we didnt get in touch with him.2as if，because也可引导表语从句。I
36、t was because I got up late.注意：当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train this morning.whether可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。1After three hoursclimbing，they reached _ they thought was the place theyd been dreaming of.Awhat Bwhich Cwhere Dthat解析考生误以为是地
37、点状语从句，误选C.where。而reached是及物动词，后边接的是宾语从句，宾语从句除去插入语they thought后缺主语，所以应选what。答案A2A plan has been put forward _ more graduates should go to work in the country.Awhen Bthat Cwhether Dhow解析考查同位语从句，表达A plan的具体内容，has been put forward将名词与从句隔开，加大了难度。答案B3It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of car
38、bon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.A that Bwhen Cwhat Dhow解析分析句子结构可知：句子属于形式主语格式；另外主句中缺少主语。双重作用的引导词只能是what。答案C4You cant imagine _ fantastic fun online chatting is.Really？But it may cause a lot of trouble sometimes.Awhat Bhow Cwhy Dso解析imagine后接了一个由what引导的宾语从句，该宾语从句是一个“whatadj.不可数名词主谓”结构的感叹句，
39、故A正确。答案A5_ made the school proud was _ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.AWhat；because BWhat；thatCThat；what DThat；because解析分析句子结构可知：句子_ made the school proud缺少主语，另外还要引导主语从句，故此只能选择what，由此先排除C、D两项答案。再结合句子_ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key univers
40、ities结构完整不缺少成分，只需要引导词。所以选用that。答案B6It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.Ahowever Bwhatever Cwhichever Dwhenever解析whatever引导一个宾语从句，并且作wants的宾语。这里的whatever不能改成what，因为题意想表达的显然是“无论孩子要什么就给他/她什么是不明智的”，具有泛指的概念。同时要注意，这里whatever也不能改用no matter what，因为后者只能引导状语从句。答案B7I drove to Zh
41、uhai for the air show last week.Is that _ you had a few days off?Awhy Bwhen Cthat Dwhere解析why引导的从句作表语，同时why在从句中作原因状语。答案A8It was a matter of _ would take the position.Awho Bwhoever Cwhom Dwhomever解析这是一个含宾语从句的复合句，作介词of宾语的是后面的整个句子，而不是宾语从句的引导词，由于这里引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格who(作宾语时自然要用whom)。答案A9_ you have seen b
42、oth fighters，_ will win?ASince；do you think whoBAs；who you thinkCWhen；whoeverDSince；who do you think解析其中do you think是插入成分，其余部分是宾语从句，作think的宾语；由于引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格who(不用whom)。答案D10Chinas success in mannedspacecraft travel shows _ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.Awha
43、t Bwhich C/ Dit that解析该句中的从句作shows的宾语，是宾语从句，又因为从句中不缺主、宾语，所以只能用that引导；又因引导宾语从句时that可以省略，所以答案是C。答案C11There is a common belief among them _ rubbish can and should be put to good use.Awhich Bif Cwhose Dthat解析“_ rubbish can and should be put to good use.”是a common belief的同位语从句。从句中意思完整，结构完整，所以用that。答案D12_
44、 has been mentioned above，continued chairman after he took a sip of coffee，_ the project must be carried out before spring flood comes.AAs；that BThat；whichCThis；which DIt；that解析“_ has been mentioned above”是定语从句，而“_ the project must be carried out before spring flood comes.”是动词continued的宾语从句，宾语从句中句意和
45、结构都完整，故选that，结合第一个空，得答案A。答案A13David Beckham has _ it takes to become a professional football player.Awho Bwhat Cwhich Dthat解析“_ it takes to be a professional footballer”作has的宾语，宾语从句中缺takes的宾语。答案B14Nobody would stand out admitting the fact，for some reason，_ they lost the game.Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhy解
46、析“_ they lost the game.”在句子中作the fact的同位语从句，从句意思结构完整。答案A15The patient looks much better._ is it that has made him _ he is today?Perhaps the special medicine and his familys patient care.AWhat；that BThat；thatCWhat；what DWhat；which解析根据it is _ that has made him _ he is today就可以判断，第一个空是考查强调句型的特殊疑问形式；第二个空则是表语从句，表语从句中缺少he is的表语。句意：病人好多了，是什么使得他成为现在这个样子。答案C