1、第三节 词性转换、比较等级和名词的单复数 考点一 词性转换方法点津分析句子结构并确定所填词在句子中所作的成分是解答词性转换题目的关键所在。1填形容词或副词(1)作定语修饰名词，作表语或补足语时常用形容词。(2)修饰动词(短语)、形容词、副词、介词(短语)或整个句子需用副词。(3)所给词是形容词、副词，词性不需要变化时，根据句意和前后逻辑关系，确定句意表示否定时，添加否定前缀(un，im，dis等)或否定后缀(less)变为反义词。2两种方法判定填名词(1)根据所作成分判断设空处作主语或作及物动词(短语)或介词(短语)的宾语：填名词。作表语，表主语是“什么”：填名词。(2)根据设空处的位置判断在
2、“冠词(形容词)”后填名词。在“冠词of”结构中空处填名词。在形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词、形容词之后，考虑填名词。3谓语或非谓语填动词所给词是形容词或名词，设空处在句中作谓语或非谓语，填动词，再按照具体语境，结合构词法，填写转换后的正确的动词形式。真题题组一、形容词与副词的转换1(2020高考全国卷)Landing on the moons far side is(extreme)challenging.解析：句意：登陆月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。extremely 2(2020高考全国卷)(
3、certain)during the holidayperiod,this plant is a must.解析：句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语作时间状语，因此只有副词才符合句子结构，用来作状语。故填Certainly。Certainly 3(2020高考全国卷)As the small boat moved(gentle)along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silentlyreflected in the water.解析：句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不
4、出话来。此处修饰动词moved，应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。gently 4(2019高考全国卷)It is difficult to figure out a globalpopulation of polar bears as much of the range has been(poor)studied.解析：修饰动词studied应用形容词poor的副词形式poorly。poorly 5(2019高考全国卷)Her years of hard work have(final)been acknowledged after a customer nomi
5、nated(提名)her to beCheshires Woman Of The Year.解析：空处修饰动词acknowledge要用副词形式。finally 6(2018高考全国卷)A taste for meat is(actual)behindthe change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens,pigs,and cattle.解析：空处应用副词修饰介词短语behind the change。actually 二、形容词与名词的转换1(2020高考全国卷)The far side of the moon is
6、 of particular(interesting)to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山),more so than the familiar near side.解析：句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be ofinterest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。interest 2(2020高考全国卷)The(beauty)long branchescovered with pinkcolored bu
7、ds(蓓蕾)make fantastic decorations.解析：句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。beautiful 3(2020高考全国卷)Filled with(curious),the artistpacked his bags and left.解析：句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。curiosity 4(2019高考全国卷)We are so proud of her.Its(wonder)解析：
8、系动词is后面跟形容词作表语。wonder对应的形容词是wonderful。wonderful 5(2019高考全国卷)They also shared with us many(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.解析：所填词修饰名词stories，故应用tradition 的形容词形式traditional。traditional 6(2018高考全国卷)Running is cheap,easy and its always(energy)解析：本句为主系表结构，连系动词is后应接形容
9、词作表语，故此处应该用形容词energetic作表语，意为“充满活力的”。energetic 7(2018高考全国卷)According to the World Bank，Chinaaccounts for about 30 percent of total(globe)fertilizerconsumption.解析：此处和total一起修饰名词短语fertilizer consumption意为“全世界的化肥总消耗量”，故用globe的形容词形式。global 三、动词与名词的转换1(2020高考全国卷)Chinese New Year is a(celebrate)marking th
10、e end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.解析：句意：中国新年是对冬天的结束和春天的开始的庆祝。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。celebration 2(2019高考全国卷)When they were free from work，theyinvited us to local events and let us know of an interesting(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it.解析：根据空格前的an interestin
11、g可知，此处应填动词compete的名词形式competition。competition 3(2018高考全国卷)This switch has decreased(pollute)in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.解析：decrease“降低，减少”，为及物动词，后接名词作宾语，pollute的名词形式是pollution。pollution 4(2017高考全国卷)This development was only possible withthe(int
12、roduce)of electricpowered engines and lifts.解析：空格前是定冠词the，空格后是of，故空处用名词形式。introduction 5(2017高考全国卷)She is determined to carry on with her(educate)解析：形容词性物主代词her应该修饰名词，educate的名词形式是education。education 四、动词与形容词的转换1(2018高考浙江卷)The obvious one is money;eating out once ortwice a week may be(afford)but doi
13、ng this most daysadds up.根据语境可知，一周在外就餐一到两次是可以负担得起的。本句为主系表结构，故此处应该用形容词作表语，afford的形容词形式为affordable。affordable 2(2017高考浙江卷)But something made her look closer,and shenoticed a(shine)object.解析：根据空格后的object可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故填shiny/shining。shiny/shining 考点二 比较等级方法点津若提示词是形容词或副词，根据语境和句意，该词词性不变，意思不变，则可能填该词的比较等级。
14、1比较等级的标志(1)题目中有much,far，still,even,rather,a little,a bit,a lot,agreat deal,than等标志性词汇时用比较级。(2)设空后有表示范围的标志词in,of,among等时用最高级。(3)设空前有one of the,the序数词等修饰词时，用最高级。2固定句型(1)“the 比 较 级 .the 比 较 级 .”表 示“越 越”。(2)“比较级and比较级”表示“越来越”。(3)“否定词比较级”表示最高级含义。真题题组1(2020高考全国卷)One day the emperor wanted to get hisportra
15、it(画像)done so he called all great artists to come and presenttheir(fine)work,so that he could choose the best.解析：句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”，此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。finest 2(2019高考全国卷).hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)around human settlements，le
16、ading to the illusion(错觉)thatpopulations are(high)than they actually are.解析：根据空格后的than可知，此处应用 high的比较级形式higher。higher 3(2018高考全国卷)According to a review of evidence in amedical journal,runners live three years(long)than non-runners.解析：根据空格后的than可知，此处用long的比较级形式longer。longer 4(2018高考全国卷)He screams the
17、(loud)of all.解析：根据后面的“of all”和前面的定冠词the可知，他声音最大，所以用loud的最高级形式loudest。loudest 5(2018高考浙江卷)There could be an even(high)cost onyour health.解析：根据空格前的even并结合语境可知，此处表示“更高的代价”，故应用high的比较级形式higher。higher 考点三 名词的单复数方法点津提示词是名词，分析句子成分后发现词性不需改变，则考虑用所给名词的复数形式，同时注意不规则变化的情况。1利用名词前的修饰语，确定名词的单复数形式(1)不定冠词a,an后用名词单数形式
18、。(2)有some,many,all,both,a number of,hundreds of 等词修饰时，名词用复数形式。(3)名词前有one of/among时，名词用复数形式。(4)名词前有形容词different，various等时，名词用复数形式。2利用谓语动词的数确定名词的数(1)所填名词作主语，且谓语动词是复数形式are，were,have等时，名词用复数形式。(2)所填名词作主语，且谓语动词是单数形式，名词用单数形式。真题题组1(2018高考全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also madea study published in 20
19、14 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes aday of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths fromall(cause)解析：此处表示：每天仅仅跑510分钟就能降低所有原因导致的心脏病和早逝的风险。cause表示“原因，起因”时是可数名词，且前面有all修饰，故填cause的复数形式。causes 2(2018高考浙江卷)Few people I know seem to have much desireor time to cook.Making Chinese(di
20、sh)is seen as especiallytroublesome.解析：句意：我认识的人似乎很少渴望做饭或有时间做饭。做中国菜被认为特别麻烦。名词dish作“菜肴”时是可数名词，此处表示泛指，故应填dish的复数形式。dishes 3(2017高考全国卷)This trend，which was started by themedical community(医学界)as a method of fighting heart disease,has had some unintended side(effect)such as overweight andheart diseasethe
21、 very thing the medical community was trying tofight.解析：side effect表示“副作用”，为可数名词短语，前面有some修饰。因此用复数形式。effects 4(2017高考全国卷)She has turned down several(invitation)to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.解析：invitation表示“邀请”，是可数名词，其前有several修饰，应用复数形式。invitations 5(2017高考浙江卷)Last October，w
22、hile tending her garden inMora，Sweden，Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small(carrot)and was about to throw them away.解析：carrot是可数名词，根据a handful of“一把，几个”可知，设空处应用复数形式，表示拔出了一把小胡萝卜。carrots.单句训练1Bob mentioned this several times during our first few(discussion)2(basic),numbers on the plates can be u
23、sed to representwords or parts of words.3And the most(expense)number ever was“M1”whichan anonymous buyer has acquired for 331,000.discussionsBasicallyexpensive4Scarves for the ladies and ties for the(gentleman)can go into hangers for easy access.5As for your air conditioner,seeking professional serv
24、ice isprobably the(good)option.6In the past few years，Lucy has formed the habit of keeping asupply of candles in case of a power(fail)gentlemenbestfailure7Annan will be remembered for his ability and his(warm)8(obvious),the story is not true,but the festival isinteresting.9Ron had a(success)career a
25、nd worked for Ford beforeretiring and leading a relaxed life.10They are trying to(wide)the discussion to includeenvironmental issues.warmthObviouslysuccessfulwiden11The dream of going to the firstclass universities attracts usgreatly and we have made up our(mind)to achieve it.12The more I thought ab
26、out it,the(bad)my mood became.mindsworse.语篇专练You may like reading novels for fun.Of course,it is fun to readsome 1.(interest)books.But you need to get organized if youare reading a novel for school.Here are a few 2.(tip)First,pay 3.(attend)to characters.What do they do in the novel?What do they want
27、?Everything about a character can help us to understand him,from his 4.(appear)to the kind of food he eats.Besides,the order of the story and the plot are 5.(equal)important.Make sure that as you read,you make a quick note of what happens in each chapter.This will help you bring the things you have
28、noticed about the character,setting,language and so on together.And by retelling the story after you have read it,the help you will get is6.(great)than you can imagine.Next,themes.They are ideas that a novel explores.It is a must to get the hang of the theme if you want to 7.(full)appreciate the nov
29、el.Perhaps love is a major theme,or justice,or 8.(survive)Furthermore，9.(novel)are made up of language.Writers use language in a special way to make their novels work.They may use metaphors,invent symbols,or show 10.(difference)characters personalities through their speech styles.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了
30、阅读小说时需要注意的几点建议：关注人物、故事情节、主题和语言风格等。1解析：考查词性转换。此处需要用形容词作定语修饰名词。答案：interesting2解析：考查名词的单复数。a few后接名词的复数形式。答案：tips3解析：考查词性转换。作动词的宾语，需用名词形式。答案：attention4解析：考查词性转换。his是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词作定语，故用appear的名词形式 appearance。答案：appearance5解析：考查词性转换。副词作状语，可修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词(短语)或整个句子。本句空格处修饰形容词important。故填 equally。答案：equally
31、6解析：考查比较级。由than可知，此处需用比较级。答案：greater7解析：考查词性转换。修饰谓语动词appreciate，需用副词形式。答案：fully8解析：考查词性转换。由上文“Perhaps love is a major theme,orjustice”可知，or连接并列结构，此处应用名词形式，且不表示人，故填 survival。答案：survival9解析：考查名词的单复数。由谓语的复数形式are可知，主语名词应该用复数形式。答案：novels10解析：考查词性转换。修饰中心名词personalities，故用形容词形式。答案：different.仿真题组A(2020贵州毕节市
32、高三诊断性考试三)There once was a kingwho offered a prize to the artist who would paint the 1.(good)picture of peace.Many artists tried.The king looked at all the pictures,but there were only two he 2.(real)liked and he had to choosebetween them.One picture was of a calm lake.The lake was a perfect mirror,f
33、or peaceful towering 3.(mountain)were all around it.Overhead was a blue sky 4.white clouds.All who saw this picture thought that it was a perfect picture of peace.The other picture had mountains too.But these were rugged and bare.Above was an angry sky from 5.rain fell and in which lightening played
34、.Down the side of the mountain tumbled a foaming waterfall.This did not look 6.(peace)at all.But when the king looked,he saw behind the waterfall a tiny bush 7.(grow)in a crack in the rock.In the bush a mother bird had built her nest.There,in the midst of the rush of angry water,sat the mother bird
35、on her nest.perfect peace.Which picture do you think won the prize?The king 8.(choose)the second picture,explained theking,“Because peace does not mean to be in a place where there is nonoise,trouble 9.hard work.Peace means 10.(be)inthe midst of all those things and still be calm in your heart.That
36、is thereal meaning of peace.”语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。从前有个国王悬赏看哪位画家最能描绘宁静的意境。最后国王选中一幅描绘在狂风暴雨中，鸟妈妈安静地坐在它的巢里孵小鸟的画，并且告诉人们宁静指的是保持内心的平静。1解析：考查形容词的最高级。句意：从前有个国王悬赏，看哪位画家能画出最能描绘宁静的画。此处比较范围不明确，表示多者的同类中“最”的，good应用最高级形式best。故填best。答案：best2解析：考查词性转换。句意：但只有两幅是他真正喜欢的，他必须从中选择。修饰谓语动词liked，应该用副词形式。故填really。答案：really3解析：考查名词的单复
37、数。句意：湖泊就像一面完美的镜子，四周都是宁静的巍峨的群山。句子的谓语动词were是复数形式，因此句子的主语应该是复数。故填mountains。答案：mountains4解析：考查介词。句意：头顶上是蓝天白云。此处用介词with表示“具有”。故填with。答案：with5解析：考查定语从句的引导词。句意：上面是乌云密布的天空，大雨倾盆，电闪雷鸣。分析句子结构，空后是定语从句，先行词是an angry sky，关系词在从句中作宾语，因此用“介词fromwhich”引导定语从句。故填which。答案：which6解析：考查词性转换。句意：这看起来一点也不宁静。look是系动词，后面接形容词作表语。
38、故填peaceful。答案：peaceful7解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：但当国王再看时，他看到在瀑布后面的岩石的裂缝中生长着一棵小灌木。此处是“see宾语a tiny bush宾语补足语”结构；宾语a tiny bush 和grow之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，因此用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填growing。答案：growing8解析：考查动词的时态。句意：国王选择了第二幅画。文章叙述的是一个故事，全文用一般过去时；choose是不规则变化动词，过去式为chose。故填chose。答案：chose9解析：考查连词。句意：他解释说：“因为宁静并不是指在没有噪音、没有烦扰或是没有艰辛的地方。宁静指的是
39、在所有这些事情之中，仍然保持内心的平静。这才是宁静的真正意义。”前面有否定词no，在否定中并列结构用or 连接，表示“和，也，又”的意思。故填or。答案：or10解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上题解析。此处mean 意思为“指的是”，后接不定式作宾语。故填to be。答案：to beB(2020重庆江津中学、实验中学等七校高三6月联考)TheInternational Olympic Committee(IOC)took the extraordinary stepTuesday of 1.(postpone)the 2020 Tokyo Games,which2.(schedule)to st
40、art on July 24,because of the coronavirusoutbreak.Just how extraordinary was the step?This marks only the 3.(four)time since the first modern Olympics in 1896 that the Games have been affected 4.outside forces.The other three occasions were cancellations during the first and second World Wars.So thi
41、s is the first time the Olympics have been postponed,rather than 5.(cancel)“The Tokyo Olympics will still be held，”Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe told reporters in Tokyo after a call with International Olympic Committee President Thomas Bach on 6.matter.The IOC later said in a 7.(state)that the
42、Games will be“rescheduled to a date beyond 2020 but not 8.(late)than 2021！”This time around,its a pandemic(疫情),not a war,9.is changing the Olympics schedule.The IOC said that“The leaders agreed that the Olympic Games in Tokyo could stand as a beacon of hope to the world during these times and that t
43、he Olympic flame could become the light at the end of the tunnel in which the world finds 10.(it)at present.”语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述国际奥委会星期二因为冠状病毒爆发推迟了2020年东京奥运会。这是第一次奥运会推迟，而不是取消。1解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：因为新冠病毒爆发，国际奥委会(International Olympic Committee)周二采取了非同寻常的举措，推迟了原定于7月24日举行的2020年东京奥运会。分析句子可知，of是介词，故其后应用动名词结构作宾语
44、。故填postponing。答案：postponing2解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意见上题解析。分析句子可知，此处是一个定语从句，which指代的是前文的the 2020Tokyo Games，在从句中作主语，且schedule与主语之间是动宾关系，故应用被动语态。分析文章可知，此处讲述的是过去发生的事情，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were scheduled。答案：were scheduled3解析：考查序数词。句意：这是自1896年首届现代奥运会以来，奥运会第四次受到外部势力的影响。分析句子可知，此处指的是“第四次”，故应用序数词。故填fourth。答案：fourth4解析：考查
45、介词。句意见上题解析。be affected by为固定搭配，意为“受影响”。故填by。答案：by5解析：考查过去分词。句意：因此，这是奥运会第一次被推迟而不是被取消。分析句子可知，这是rather than 连接的两个平行结构，表示的是“这是奥运会第一次被推迟而不是被取消”，表被动，故应用过去分词形式。故填canceled/cancelled。答案：canceled/cancelled6解析：考查冠词。句意：日本首相安倍晋三(Shinzo Abe)在与国际奥委会主席巴赫(Thomas Bach)就此事进行电话会谈后告诉记者：“东京奥运会仍将举行”。分析句子可知，此处是特指上文奥运会被推迟一事
46、。故填the。答案：the7解析：考查词性转换。句意：国际奥委会随后在一份声明中表示，奥运会将“重新安排到2020年以后，但不迟于2021年！”。不定冠词修饰单数名词，故填statement。答案：statement8解析：考查形容词的比较级。句意见上题解析。由than可推断，此处应用比较级，故填later。答案：later9解析：考查强调句。句意：这一次，是一场疫情，而不是一场战争，改变了奥运会的日程安排。“a pandemic,not a war,ischanging the Olympics schedule”是完整的句子，故此句考查强调句型，其构成形式是：it is/was 被强调成分
47、that其他成分。故填that。答案：that10解析：考查反身代词。句意：国际奥委会表示，“各国领导人一致认为，在这些时期，东京奥运会可以成为世界的希望灯塔，奥运圣火可以成为目前世界发现自己的隧道尽头的一盏明灯”。分析句子可知，此处的itself指的是the world，表示“世界发现自己”。故应用反身代词。故填itself。答案：itselfC(2020贵州贵阳市高三适应性考试二)As the first domesticsoy sauce(酱油)factory in Cuba has 1.(begin)to produceChinesestyle soy sauce,the histor
48、y of such products being importedby the island may soon come to an end.The factory is part of a project 2.(support)by the Chinese Association Min Chih Tang in the 3.(center)province of Ciego de Avila,located some 400 km east of the Cuban capital Havana.The project is headed by Mey Ru Chen,4.34yearol
49、d Chinese woman 5.came to Cuba in 2006 to study tourism.“This is another way to promote Chinese culture.It is 6.(actual)a project whose outcome will highly benefit Cuba,as all soy sauce consumed on the island 7.(import)mainly from Europe.It will help the country reduce imports，”she said.Her 8.(produ
50、ct)are well accepted by locals,Chen said.“Cubans love soy sauce or Chinese sauce as they also call it here.It is used to dress a wide variety of dishes;that is why it is so popular 9.the people of Ciego de Avila.”“We 10.(receive)high quality training in China twoyears ago.Our main interest at the mo
51、ment is to diversify ourproduction in the factory and to continue to foster our traditions，”Morgado,Chens husband,said.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了古巴第一个国产酱油厂。1解析：考查动词的时态。句意：随着古巴第一家国内酱油工厂开始生产中式酱油，该岛进口这类产品的历史可能很快就会结束。描述过去的动作或状态持续到现在，并且已经完成或可能持续下去，用现在完成时。空前已有has，故填begun。答案：begun2解析：考查非谓语动词。support修饰project作定语，s
52、upport与project是动宾关系，用过去分词。故填supported。答案：supported3解析：考查词性转换。修饰名词province，用形容词作定语，故填central。答案：central4解析：考查冠词。此处泛指一个34岁的中国女人，34yearold首字母发音是辅音，故填不定冠词a。答案：a5解析：考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子可知，“cameto Cuba in 2006 to study tourism”的引导词是定语从句，修饰woman，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，用关系代词who或者that。故填who/that。答案：who/that6解析：考查词性转换。该空修饰
53、动词is，用副词，故填actually。答案：actually7解析：考查动词的时态和语态。import是谓语动词，与主语allsoy sauce是动宾关系，描述主语现在的状态，用一般现在时，主语soy sauce是不可数名词，故填is imported。答案：is imported8解析：考查名词的单复数。空格处作主语，用名词形式，谓语动词是are，故用名词复数，故填products。答案：products9解析：考查介词。句意：这就是它在Ciego de Avila人民中如此受欢迎的原因。be popular with/among“受欢迎”，是固定短语，故填among/with。答案：among/with10解析：考查动词的时态。根据时间状语two years ago可知，用一般过去时，故填received。答案：received