1、第五单元语法单词语法一 动词不定式作宾语1. 动词不定式的一般结构是“to+动词原形”,其否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能作谓语。2.用作宾语的动词不定式,常用在某些及物动词后构成动宾短语。如:plan/ask/choose/agree/expect/hope/decide/learn/prefer/know/wish/want/would like/would love等。例句:I expect to be back within a week.我预计一周之内回来。I promise not to be late again.我承诺不再迟到。二
2、介词with用法1. 表示“拥有某物;具有(品质、特征)”Mary married a man with a lot of money.Mary嫁给了一个很有钱的男人。2. 表示“与在一起;和”The old man lived with a little dog on the small island.这个老人和一条小狗住在小岛上。3. 表示用某种工具或手段Tom drew the picture with a pencil.Tom用铅笔画画。4. 常用短语make friends with sb.与某人做朋友talk with sb.与某人交谈help sb. with sth.在某方面帮
3、助某人withsbs help= with the help of sb.在某人的帮助下5. with+名词(+形容词/介词短语)表示伴随关系Tom sleepswith his mouth open.Tom张着嘴睡觉。三 连接副词how引导的宾语从句宾语从句可由连接副词when,where,how,why等引导,它们在宾语从句中作状语,不可省略。如:We didnt know when she would come back我们不知道她什么时候能回来。He knows where I live.他知道我住哪儿。Do you know why he was late?你知道他为什么迟到吗?Ca
4、n you tell me how Icanget to the post office?你能告诉我如何去邮局吗?注意:含how的词组也可引导宾语从句。主要有how old,how many,how much,how long,how often,how far等。如:Do you know how old he is?你知道他多大吗?四连接代词what引导宾语从句what引导宾语从句,在从句中充当主语,宾语或表语。Im wondering what he said just now.我在想他刚刚说了什么。You really dont know what it is.你确实不知道它是什么。Y
5、ou should find out what interests you most.你应该找到你最感兴趣的。注意:宾语从句通常要用陈述语序,但是whats the matter,whats wrong语序不变。Do you know whats wrong with him?你知道他怎么了吗?四 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句1. 连接代词引导的宾语从句宾语从句可由连接代词what、who、whom、whose、which等引导,它们在宾语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等,因此不能省略。如:Do you know who will come this afternoon?(作主语)你知道今天下午
6、谁会来吗?Did you hear what she said?(作宾语)你听到她说的话了吗?I dont know who you are.(作表语)我不知道你是谁。Could you tell me which gate we have to go to?(作gate的定语)你能告诉我,我们要去哪扇大门吗?2. 连接副词引导的宾语从句宾语从句可由连接副词when、where、how、why等引导,它们在宾语从句中作状语,不可省略。如:We didnt know when she would come back.我们不知道她会什么时候回来。Do you know where he lives
7、 now?你知道他现在住在哪里吗?说明:含how的词组也可引导宾语从句。主要有how old、how many、how much、how long、how often、how far等。如:Do you know how old he is?你知道他多大年纪吗?单词一 Success/succeed/successful1. succeed的用法succeed表示“成功”,是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态。succeed in doing sth.= do sth. successfully做成某事。At last he succeeded in solving the problem.最终,他
8、成功地解决了那个问题。2. success的用法success表示抽象意义的“成功”,是不可数的;表示具体意义的“成功的人或事”,则是可数的。He was a great success in business.他事业上很成功。3. successful的用法successful成功的;be successful in doing sth.成功地做某事。The performance was successful.演出很成功。Were you successful in finding a new house?你成功找到新房子了吗?二 plan 1.用作动词,计划plan to do sth.
9、计划、打算做某事I plan to plant some vegetables in the garden.我计划在花园种一些蔬菜。2.用作名词,计划make a plan to do sth.计划做某事make a plan for sth.为做计划plan for sth.为了的计划ones plan is to do sth.某人的计划是做某事Did you make a plan to go to the Great Wall?你计划去长城了吗?It is necessary to make a plan for this course.有必要给这门课程制定一个计划。三 Mindmin
10、d作名词,意为“头脑,主意,想法”An idea came into my mind.我想到了一个主意。mind作动词时,有以下用法:1.意为“当心;注意”,后跟名词或从句,也可单独使用。Mind the step!小心台阶!2.意为“介意;在乎”,主要用于疑问句和否定句。作不及物动词。-Do you mind if I smoke?如果我抽烟,你介意吗?-Not at all, please.一点也不,抽吧。作及物动词,后面通常接名词、代词、v-ing形式、复合结构、从句等。Would you mind my closing that door?你介意我关上那扇门吗?注意:Do (Would
11、) you mind doing sth.?这一句型通常用来表示请他人做某事,常译为“可否请你做某事”或“劳驾你做某事”,多用Would开头,用Do的情况较少。Would you mind making some room for the patient?请你给这位病人让点儿地方出来行吗?mind的常用短语:change ones mind改变主意;have in (ones) mind在某人心里有想法;keep in mind记住;make up ones mind决心,决定;Would you mind doing sth.?/ Would you mind not doing sth.?你介意(不)做某事吗?四 readyreadyadj.愿意的;准备好的The dinner is ready.晚饭准备好了。be ready to随时可(乐意,即将);准备好He is ready to join the activity.他很乐意参加这个活动。be ready for为做好准备I must be ready for the test.我必须为考试做好准备。