1、题型专项 题型四 语法填空 20182020全国卷语法填空考频统计文体考点时间卷别 有提示词无提示词谓语动词非谓语动词词性转换比较等级名词的单复数代词冠词介词代词副词连词与从句2020 卷(说明文)31213卷(说明文)133111卷(记叙文)222112文体考点时间卷别 有提示词无提示词谓语动词非谓语动词词性转换比较等级名词的单复数代词冠词介词代词副词连词与从句2019卷(说明文)2221111卷(记叙文)23212卷(记叙文)223111文体考点时间卷别 有提示词无提示词谓语动词非谓语动词词性转换比较等级名词的单复数代词冠词介词代词副词连词与从句2018卷(说明文)12211111卷(说明
2、文)223111卷(记叙文)12211111三年统计161921412571212 分析全国卷近三年的考点分布可以看出，语法填空考点设置有以下特点：(一)有提示词类：设置7个小题高频考点谓语动词13题。考查时态、语态及主谓一致，其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题，答案最多三个单词非谓语动词13题。考查不定式、动名词与分词，每种最多设1题词性转换13题。考查方式有动词转换为名词、名词转换为形容词或动词、形容词转换为副词等，每种最多设1题低频考点名词的单复数01题。主要考查可数名词的复数，也可能考查名词的所有格比较等级01题。主要考查形容词和副词的比较级或最高级代词01题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考
3、生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等(二)无提示词类：设置3个小题高频考点冠词 01题。重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词，一般不涉及零冠词介词 01题。重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介词，一般不涉及短语介词连词与从句03题。从句：侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外，名词性从句、状语从句也偶有涉及；连词：侧重于考查并列连词表并列、选择、转折和因果关系低频考点副词 01题。重点考查固定搭配中的副词和用于连接两个句子的逻辑关系的副词一 有提示词类第一节 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致考点一 动词的时态方法点津1 识别标志词在高考语法填空中，有时会给出时间标志，考生可根据所给
4、标志词或时间状语轻松得出答案。1 一 般 现 在 时：every day,always，often，seldom,sometimes,usually等。2般过去时：yesterday，last night，a few days ago,theother day,one rainy day等。3一般将来时：tomorrow,next year,in a week 等。4现在进行时：look,listen,at present,now,at this moment等。5现在完成时：already,so far，“for一段时间”，“since过去的时间点”或ever since，“in/over/
5、during/for thelast/past一段时间”等。6过去完成时：by,by the end of,by the time 等后接过去时间点。真题题组11(2020高考全国卷)The unmanned Change4 probe(探测器)the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess_(touch)down last week in the South PoleAitken basin.解析：句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。空处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last w
6、eek可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。touched2(2019高考全国卷)In recent years some Inuit people inNunavut _(report)increases in bear sightings aroundhuman settlements，leading to a belief that populations are increasing.解析：根据句中的时间状语in recent years可判断用现在完成时。have reported 3(2019高考全国卷)I love coming here and seeing my fami
7、lyand all the friends I _(make)over the years.解析：根据空格后的时间状语over the years可知，句子要用现在完成时。have made 4(2018高考全国卷)Diets have changed in Chinaand so toohas its top crop.Since 2011,the country _(grow)morecorn than rice.解析：由时间状语since 2011可知句子用现在完成时，主语thecountry是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用has grown。has grown 5(2018高考全国卷)Th
8、e Chinese Ministry of Agriculture findsthat between 2005when the government _(start)a soiltestingprogram that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.解析：根据语境可知，when引导定语从句修饰先行词2005，作者在说2005年发生的事情，故应用一般过去时。started 方法点津2 参考语境和并列连词1细心体会辨语境有
9、些题目在时间状语和其他参照都不明显的情况下，应仔细分析设空处所在句前后句子中的谓语动词的时态，弄清动作发生的时间及顺序，确定所填谓语动词的时态。2瞻前顾后找并列(1)可根据并列连词and，but，or，rather than,neither.nor.，not only.but also.等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态；(2)同一个主语连接两个或两个以上的并列谓语时，谓语动词时态要一致。真题题组21(2020高考全国卷)When he asked the villagers on the banksof the river where he could find the legend
10、ary(传奇的)artist,theysmiled and _(point)down the river.解析：句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。pointed 2(2019高考全国卷)Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene_(declare)she had no plans to retirefrom her 36yearold business.解析：分析句子结构可知，主句中缺少谓语动词；结合后面的ha
11、d可知，此处应使用一般过去时。declared 3 (2019 高 考 全 国 卷)Our hosts sharedmany of theirexperiences and _(recommend)wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit.解析：根据and可知空处与前面的shared构成并列谓语，故填recommended。recommended 4(2018高考全国卷)When the gorillas and I frightened eachother,I was just glad to find them alive.True to a goril
12、lasunaggressive nature,the huge animal _(mean)me noreal harm.解析：根据句中frightened和was可知此处描述的动作已经发生，故用一般过去时。meant 方法点津3 利用固定句式和主从句时态的一致熟记以下固定句型中的时态：1was/were doing sth.when sb.did.；2It is/has been一段时间 since sb./sth.did.；3This/It/That is the first/second/.time that.从句要用现在完成时；4This/It/That was the first/s
13、econd/.time that.从句要用过去完成时；5Its(high)time that.did/should do sth.，其中should不能省略；6在宾语从句中，若主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去的某种时态；从句表示客观事实或真理时，用一般现在时。真题题组31(2020高考全国卷)“This really excites scientists，”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit_(mean)we have the chance to obtain informationabout how the moon
14、 is constructed.”解析：句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文主句“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。means 2(2019高考浙江卷)One study in America found that studentsgrades _(improve)a little after the school introduceduniforms.解析：
15、主句谓语动词是found，用了一般过去时，此处从句时态应该与之保持一致。improved 3(2018高考全国卷)While running regularly cant make youlive forever,the review says it _(be)more effective atlengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming.解析：此处the review says后跟的是宾语从句，主句谓语动词为一般现在时，宾语从句与主句的时态应保持一致，空处应用一般现在时；且宾语从句中的主语为it，故填is。is 4(高考全国卷)Confu
16、cius believed knives would remind peopleof killings and _(be)too violent for use at the table.解析：根据句中的believed可知，此处描述的是过去的情况，应用一般过去时；从句主语为 knives，谓语动词应用复数。故填were。were 考点二 动词的语态方法点津 分析主谓关系定语态动词的语态一般和时态放在一起进行考査。做好此类试题，考生需要掌握以下几点：1主语和谓语的关系一般分为两种：主谓关系和动宾关系。主谓关系使用主动语态，动宾关系使用被动语态。2被动语态的基本形式为：be done。3做题步骤
17、一般分为两步：先考虑语态，再考虑时态。4主谓一致常和动词的时态、语态放在一起考査。真题题组1(2020高考全国卷)“This really excites scientists，”CarlePieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,“because it means wehave the chance to obtain information about how the moon_(construct)”解析：分析句子结构可知，空处是宾语从句的谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是动宾关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此
18、处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。is constructed 2(2019高考全国卷)On the last day of our weeklong stay，we_(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm.解析：事情发生在过去，且主语we与动词invite之间是动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。were invited 3(2018高考浙江卷)I still remember visiting a friend whod livedhere for five years
19、and I _(shock)when I learnt shehadnt cooked once in all that time.解析：根据后面的learnt可知，此处说的是过去的事，故用一般过去时；而I与shock 之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。was shocked 4(2017高考全国卷)When fat and salt _(remove)from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.解析：结合语境可知，状语从句中用一般现在时态，主语fat andsalt是复数概念，且与remove之间是动宾关系，所以用一般现在时的被
20、动语态。故填are removed。are removed 5(2017高考全国卷)Steam engines _(use)to pullthe carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for thepassengers,with all the smoke and noise.解析：根据语境可知steam engines与use之间为动宾关系，且动作发生在过去，故需用一般过去时的被动语态。were used 考点三 主谓一致方法点津 主谓一致“三原则”1语法一致原则主语后跟有with，together with,as well as
21、,like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to 等时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。2就近一致原则(1)由 or,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。(2)由there,here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和邻近的主语保持一致。3意义一致原则(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数。(2)单个的非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一
22、般用单数。真题题组1(2020高考全国卷)This is why decorating with plants,fruitsand flowers _(carry)special significance.解析：句意：这就是用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decorating withplants,fruits and flowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。carries 2(2019高考全国卷)Of thenineteen recognized polar bearsubpopulations，three are decl
23、ining，six _(be)stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data.解析：此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；six指代polar bearsubpopulations，谓语动词应用复数。are 3(2019高考浙江卷)When every pupil in the school wears theuniform，nobody _(have)to worry about fashion(时尚)解析：此处用一般现在时描述一般情况；分析句子结构可知，主语是nobody，所以谓语动词用has。或理解为when引导的时间状语从句，谓语动词用
24、一般现在时表将来，主句用一般将来时，故也可填will have。has/will have 4(2017高考全国卷)Fast food _(be)full of fat andsalt;by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat thanthey need in their diet.解析：此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知，该句缺少谓语动词，又因主语为fast food，故填is。is.单句训练1Chinese womens volleyball team(beat)Serbia onSeptem
25、ber 28,2019,right before the National Day holiday.2He(look)for a house when he saw an advertisementin a newspaper one day.3After everything(do)and just after he left the barbers，he saw a man in the street with long dirty hair.beatwas lookingwas done4In the past decades,some number plates(become)extr
26、emely valuable,particularly those which spell out words.5With changing seasons,there(exist)a higher risk ofcatching a cold or flu,and a fan with dust can further increase that risk.6It took a long time but eventually the dog(stop)barkingand the man was able to touch it.have becomeexistsstopped7It is
27、 the third time so far that such a meeting has been held(hold)in my hometown.8Pollution is a serious problem,which calls(call)for our greatconcern.9This will help a lot if your passport is stolen(steal)10Close the door of fear behind you,and you will see(see)the doorof faith open before you.语篇专练Ever
28、y April,there 1.(be)a special day when peopleremember and honor their ancestors.It 2.(call)the TombSweeping Day,also known as the Qingming Festival.The Tomb Sweeping Day is a traditional Chinese festival,it 3.(begin)over 2,000 years ago.A lot of poems about Qingming 4.(write)by the end of the Tang D
29、ynasty.A wellknown poem by the Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu 5.(describe)the day:“Rains fall heavily as Qingming comes,and passersby with lowered spirits go.”The Tomb Sweeping Day 6.(be)a public holiday on the Chinese mainland since 2008.On this day,families bring flowers,food and wine to their ancestors
30、tombs.Cakes and fruits 7.(put)in front of the tombs.Thats because people think that visiting tombs during the Qingming Festival 8.(be)to show respect to their dead family members.However,the Tomb Sweeping Day is not only about this.During that time,the weather 9.(get)warm.So the Tomb Sweeping Day al
31、so means finally being able to garden and enjoy outdoor activities in China.It is not clear whether these ways of celebrating the Tomb Sweeping Day 10.(change)in the future.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的传统节日清明节。1解析：根据时间状语every April可知，应用一般现在时。答案：is2解析：句意：它被称为扫墓节，也以清明节为名。结合上文可知，此处用一般现在时的被动语态。答案：is called3解
32、析：由over 2,000 years ago可知，此处用一般过去时。答案：began4解析：由by the end of the Tang Dynasty可知，主句时态要用过去完成时，且动词write与poems之间构成动宾关系，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。答案：had been written5解析：由the Tang Dynasty可知，此动作发生在过去。答案：described6解析：由since 2008可知，主句时态应用现在完成时。答案：has been7解析：结合上文可知，此处指“在清明这天，家人们把蛋糕、水果放到他们祖先的坟墓前”，用一般现在时的被动语态。答案：are put8
33、解析：结合上文可知，此处应用一般现在时。答案：is9解析：结合上下文可知，此处应用一般现在时。答案：gets10解析：由in the future可知，此处指将来，意为：在将来，这些庆祝扫墓节的方式是否会改变还不清楚。方式是被改变的，故用将来时的被动语态。答案：will be changed.仿真题组A(2020湖南长郡中学高三6月模拟一)A drop in tourism duringthecoronaviruscrisisismakingitmoredifficultforsomeorganizations to protect 1.(threaten)wildlife in Africa
34、.Wildlife2.(official)fear poaching(偷猎)activity will rise because thecollapse of the travel industry leaves less money for guarding animals.African rhinos have long been 3.threat from poachers who kill them for their horns.The illegal trade is fueled by the belief,in some cultures,4.the horns have me
35、dicinal value which has not been proven by science.The number of black rhinos in Africa 5.(increase)slowly.But a report in March by the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)said it still considered the animals“critically endangered”In part,it credits the comeback of the rhinos to effe
36、ctive law enforcement.6.，the enforcement measures are very costly.The organization spends about$10,000 each year for every rhino to pay for the protection.The IUCN expects to lose$3 to$4 million this year and the 7.(lose)severely limits the groups ability 8.(protect)the rhinos.Wildlife activists acr
37、oss Africa are now waiting to see how poachers will react to the current situation,and whether more rare wildlife 9.(kill)The IUCN said the population of black rhinos grew at a 10.(year)rate of 2.5 percent between 2012 and 2018.Now,there are more than 5,600 animals.That growth was predicted to conti
38、nue over the next five years,the environmental group said.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明，新冠疫情的爆发导致经费紧张，使得野生动物的保护工作更加困难重重。1解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：新冠疫情使得旅游业衰退，一些野生动物保护组织遭遇许多困难。threaten和wildlife是逻辑上的动宾关系，应使用过去分词作定语，表示被动，意为“受到威胁的”。故填threatened。答案：threatened2解析：考查名词的单复数。句意：保护野生动物的官员担心偷猎行为会攀升。此处指“保护野生动物的官员”，fear是谓语动词，使用了动词原
39、形，主语应是复数形式。故填 officials。答案：officials3解析：考查介词。句意：非洲犀牛长久以来遭受威胁，捕猎者猎杀它们来获取犀牛角。be under threat是固定搭配，意为“在威胁之下，遭受威胁”。故填under。答案：under4解析：考查同位语从句。句意：在一些文化中人们认为犀牛角有药用价值，这一观念助长了非法交易。“the horns havemedicinal value which has not been proven by science”是在介绍说明belief的具体内容，与前面belief是同位语关系；从句句意齐全，应使用只起连接作用、无实际意义的th
40、at引导。故填that。答案：that5解析：考查动词的时态。句意：非洲黑犀牛的数量增长缓慢。increase这个动词是延续性动词，由句意可知，数量正在缓慢增长并且可能延续下去，可以用现在进行时表将来的趋势。另外也可以理解为 increase这个动作从过去开始发生持续到现在并会延续下 去，可 以 用 现 在 完 成 时 或 者 现 在 完 成 进 行 时。故 填 isincreasing/has beenincreasing/has increased。答案：is increasing/has beenincreasing/has increased6解析：考查副词。句意：犀牛的回归部分归功于
41、有效的执法。但是，执法措施的花费很大。前一句说执法是effective(有效的)，后面又说是very costly(非常昂贵的)，前后形成反差，且有逗号和主句隔开，应使用转折副词however。故填However。答案：However7解析：考查词性转换。句意：IUCN 今年预计会损失三百万到四百万美元，而这一损失会严重削弱他们保护犀牛的能力。limits是谓语动词，空格前是定冠词 the，因此空格处缺句子主语，应使用名词形式。故填loss。答案：loss8解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：而这一损失会严重削弱他们保护犀牛的能力。此处是固定搭配：the ability to do sth.“有能力去
42、做某事”。故填 to protect。答案：to protect9解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：整个非洲的野生动物保护者都在观望，看猎捕者就如今的局势会如何对应，他们是否会杀害更多的珍稀野生动物。此处与how poachers will react to thecurrent situation为并列关系，故应使用一般将来时；kill与wildlife之间是动宾关系，应使用一般将来时的被动语态。故填 will bekilled。答案：will be killed10解析：考查词性转换。句意：据IUCN报道，2012年至2018年间，黑犀牛的数量以每年2.5%的速率在增长。此处修饰rate，
43、应使用形容词，表示“每年的速率”。故填yearly。答案：yearlyB(2020黑龙江实验中学高三七模)Vegetarianism(素食主义)is becoming one rising trend in the UK,as more people are deciding not 1.(eat)meat and animal products.Vegetarians are people who dont eat meat,while vegans are people who dont eat or use any animal products at all.These lifesty
44、les 2.(become)more well-known in the UK.3.are Britons cutting out meat?Many are unhappy about the poor treatment of animals and the effects of meat and fish production 4.the environment.5.(worry)about food safety and foodborne illnesses,such as mad cow disease,have also played a part.Others choose t
45、o change their eating habits in order to become 6.(healthy)According to the Vegetarian Society,a meatfree diet can help reduce 7.risk of certain cancers,as well as heart disease and high blood pressure.Organic farming is 8.rising trend that is appearing in the UK.Many people are rejecting geneticall
46、y modified(转基因的)food and want their food to be 9.(organic)produced.Organic farmers use very few or no chemicals.Organic meat 10.(produce)without the use of drugs.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。素食主义在英国逐渐增加，越来越多的英国人决定不食用肉类和动物产品。根据素食协会的说法，无肉饮食可以帮助降低某些癌症、心脏病和高血压的风险。1解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：素食主义在英国正成为一种上升趋势，越来越多的人决定不吃肉和动物制品。固定搭配：d
47、ecide to do“决定做”。故填to eat。答案：to eat2解析：考查动词的时态。句意：这种生活方式在英国越来越出名。根据语境可知，此处应用现在进行时，表示逐渐变化的过程。故填are becoming。答案：are becoming3解析：考查疑问词。根据下文“许多人对虐待动物以及肉类和鱼类产品对环境的影响感到不满”可知，此处指“为什么英国人不吃肉？”故填Why。答案：Why4解析：考查介词。句意见上题解析。固定搭配：have an effecton“对有影响”。故填on。答案：on5解析：考查名词的单复数。句意：对食品安全和像疯牛病这样的食源性疾病的担忧也起到了一定的作用。根据句
48、意及谓语动词have可知，此处应使用名词复数。故填Worries。答案：Worries6解析：考查比较级。句意：其他人选择改变他们的饮食习惯是为了变得更健康。根据语境可知，此处应使用比较级。故填healthier。答案：healthier7解析：考查冠词。句意：据素食协会称，无肉饮食可以帮助降低某些癌症、心脏病和高血压的风险。根据语境可知，此处表示特指，应使用定冠词。故填the。答案：the8解析：考查形容词。句意：有机农业是另一个正在英国兴起的趋势。another“另外的”。故填another。答案：another9解析：考查词性转换。句意：许多人拒绝转基因食品，希望他们的食物是有机生产的。
49、此处修饰动词produced，应使用副词形式。故填organically。答案：organically10解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：有机肉类的生产不需要药物。根据语境可知，此处应使用被动语态，且描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故填is produced。答案：is producedC(2020四川阆中中学高三适应性考试一)Many people take theidea of saving money very seriously.Back in 1924,in Italy,a group ofpeople 1.(think)the inability to resist spen
50、ding a major socialproblem.They had the idea of starting a day to remind people to putaway some money for a rainy day.This is how World Saving Day,held on Oct.31st 2.(annual),was started,and its still goingstrong in 2019.Not surprisingly,a movement 3.(target)the poor was started.People in the underd
51、eveloped world are more open 4.calls to be careful with money.But 5.idea of being thrifty(节俭)has also become popular among the rich.Take Mark Zuckerberg for example.The Facebook founder,one of the worlds 6.(rich)people,doesnt spend very much money on himself.Other people dont spend money because the
52、y dont like the culture of 7.(consume)This is connected to the view 8.we should make ourselves happy through the activities we take part in,rather than with what we buy.But however we view money,moderate spending is certainly agood idea when we are still too young to get a job.There is a Britishsayi
53、ng that 9.(offer)some good advice in this situation:“Lookafter the pennies,and the pounds will look after 10.(they)”语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。很多人都非常重视储蓄的想法。本文主要介绍了穷人和富人的消费观念，指出不管怎样，适度的消费是个好主意。1解析：考查动词的时态。根据上文back in 1924可知描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时。故填thought。答案：thought2解析：考查词性转换。句意：每年10月31日的“世界储蓄日”就是这样开始的，并在2019年继续流行。修饰动
54、词held应用副词annually，表示“一年一次地”。故填annually。答案：annually3解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：毫不奇怪，一场针对穷人的运动开始了。分析句子结构可知，target在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且movement与动词target之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词在句中作定语。故填targeting。答案：targeting4解析：考查介词。句意：欠发达国家的人们更愿意接受花钱谨慎的要求。表示“愿意接受”短语为be open to。故填to。答案：to5解析：考查冠词。句意：但节俭的观念也在富人中流行起来。idea为可数名词，此处特指“节俭的观念”应用定冠词the。故填t
55、he。答案：the6解析：考查最高级。句意：Facebook创始人是世界上最富有的人之一，他在自己身上花的钱并不多。结合句意，表示“世界上最富有的”应用形容词最高级richest。故填richest。答案：richest7解析：考查词性转换。句意：其他人不花钱是因为他们不喜欢消费文化。根据上文the culture of为无生命名词所有格，可知应填不可数名词consumption。故填consumption。答案：consumption8解析：考查名词性从句连接词。句意：这与我们应该通过参与活动而不是通过买什么来让自己快乐的观点有关。本句是同位语从句，从句中不缺少主要成分，且句意完整，应该用that引导。故填that。答案：that9解析：考查主谓一致。句意：在这种情况下，有一个英国谚语提供了一些很好的建议：“积少成多”。定语从句中，谓语动词与先行词a British saying保持一致，且此处陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填offers。答案：offers10解析：考查代词。句意见上题解析。“Look after the pennies,and the pounds will look after themselves.”表示“积少成多”，指代主语pounds，应用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。答案：themselves
