1、第二节 句法类错误 考点一 从句的引导词方法点津1重点关注定语从句常考点(1)定语从句中关系代词(副词)的选择取决于句子缺少何种成分和意义是否完整；(2)that不能引导非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句指物用 which；(3)which在引导非限制性定语从句时，可代表主句内容；(4)where在定语从句中充当(抽象)地点状语，why在定语从句中作原因状语，when在定语从句中作时间状语。2悟“一个中心、两个基本点”，解名词性从句(1)“一个中心”：从句的类型若从句是陈述句，则用that引导；若从句是一般疑问句，则用whether或if引导；若从句是特殊疑问句，则用what,who,whic
2、h,whose,whom,how,when,where,why等引导。(2)“两个基本点”根据从句的位置，确定从句的类型；掌握名词性从句引导词在用法上的区别，尤其是that,what,which在用法上的区别。3明晰连词功能，确定答案不用怀疑如how是副词，作状语；what是代词，可作主语和宾语。(2)“两个基本点”根据从句的位置，确定从句的类型；掌握名词性从句引导词在用法上的区别，尤其是that,what,which在用法上的区别。3明晰连词功能，确定答案不用怀疑如how是副词，作状语；what是代词，可作主语和宾语。真题题组1(2020高考全国卷)After that I poured o
3、il into a pan and turnedon the stove.I waited patiently unless the oil was hot.解析：句意：我耐心等待，直到油烧热。此处是指“直到”油烧热，应使用until/till引导时间状语从句。故将unless改为until/till。答案：unlessuntil/till2(2020高考全国卷)Thank you for your letter,what really mademe happy.解析：句意：谢谢你的来信，你的信真的让我开心。分析句子可知，逗号后的从句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词your letter，关系词
4、在从句中作主语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故将what改为which.答案：whatwhich3(2020高考全国卷)Then I can spare some time to learn itagain,such that we can practice together every day.解析：句意：然后我就可以抽出时间重新学习它，这样我们就可以每天一起练习。分析句子可知，此处应表示“以便；所以”，用so that。故将such改为so。答案：suchso4(2020高考全国卷)Understanding her good intentions,I eat allthe f
5、ood what is provided by Mom with appreciation.解析：句意：出于对妈妈好意的理解，我满怀感激地吃着妈妈提供的所有食物。这里含有一个定语从句，先行词是all the food，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，可用that或which，先行词被all所修饰，只能使用that，不能使用which，且what不能引导定语从句，故将what改为that。答案：whatthat5(2019高考全国卷)One afternoon where I was in primaryschool,I was walking by the school playground.解析
6、：先行词afternoon表示时间，且关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when。答案：wherewhen6(2018高考全国卷)They also had a small pond which theyraised fish.解析：本句是含有定语从句的复合句，先行词是pond，引导词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导，相当于in which，故将which改为where或在which前加in。答案：whichwhere或which前加in7(2018高考全国卷)The games my parents taught me where Iwas a child turne
7、d out to be very useful later in my life.解析：根据语境可知，父母是在我小时候教我玩纸牌的，I was achild表示的是时间而非地点，所以此处应用when引导时间状语从句，故将where改为when。答案：wherewhen考点二 主谓一致、虚拟语气和特殊句式方法点津1关注特殊句式的易错点主谓搭配是否一致、there be结构的含义及be动词的选择、强调句式的运用、省略句中动词形式的运用等需重点关注。2虚拟语气注意意义(1)在虚拟语气中，关键词的意义和“句意”是判断是否为虚拟语气的重点，解决此类问题要重点考虑时间、主从句结构两个方面。(2)sugge
8、st表示“建议”，insist表示“坚持认为”的时候用虚拟语气，从句用“should动词原形”构成，should可以省略。真题题组1(2020高考全国卷)My dad dont like the soup and I dontenjoy apples.解析：句意：我爸爸不喜欢汤，我也不喜欢苹果。表示经常或反复发生的事情，用一般现在时。主语my dad是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数形式，所以dont改成doesnt。答案：dontdoesnt2(2019高考全国卷)When I studied chemistry at high school,Ireconsidered my goal and
9、decided to be a doctor.They were tworeasons for the decision.解析：此处是there be句型。答案：TheyThere3(2018高考全国卷)The classroom is a place for learning andthat include learning from textbooks,and mistakes as well.解析：该句为一般现在时，that指代learning，谓语动词应用单数形式。答案：includeincludes4(高考全国卷)Some classmates suggest we can go t
10、o places ofinterest nearby.解析：句意：有些同学建议我们去附近的名胜。suggest作“建议”讲，后面的宾语从句应该用虚拟语气，从句谓语的形式是“should 动词原形”，should可以省略，但不能换成其他的情态动词。答案：canshould或去掉can.单句训练1I had a kind and patient English teacher which often praised all thestudents.答案：whichwho/that2After dinner,I got to the place that different rubbish shou
11、ld bethrown into different bins.答案：thatwhere3Its been two years when I joined the campus radio station.答案：whensince4 Your mother is like Wonder Woman,one of the cartoonsuperheroes who fights bad guys every day.答案：fightsfight5From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as abridge he
12、lps us to seek the truth.答案：bridge后加that/which6I think that accepting failure is that we need to do first before wesucceed eventually.答案：第二个thatwhat7Looking back on which Ive done will give me some ideas of howto rearrange my time.答案：whichwhat8If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom，I
13、 willnever forget it.答案：IfAlthough/Though/While9All of us listened attentively and answered questions correctly.Thesmile on her face suggested that she be satisfied with our performance.答案：bewas10She demanded that I did something else with that money.答案：diddo.仿真题组A(2020安徽蚌埠市高三下质检)I was living a life
14、 in my screen buthardly noticed what was around me.I looked through news websites andchecked my emails using his mobile phone.When I wake up at midnight,I did the same thing.The problem with me that I felt anxious everynight.So when my friends invited me to the weekend camp with the cellservice,I th
15、ought this was exact what I needed.Keep away from myphone for 48 hours changed my way of the life.I fell asleep listening tothe song of frogs and insects.I listened to what my body wanted insteadof that my phone was telling me to do.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者平时总依赖手机，一次无手机的周末露营经历使作者有了全新的感觉，有了不同的人生感悟。1解析：考
16、查连词。本句意为“我过着荧屏般的生活，并且几乎没注意到周围的一切”，前后两句表示并列，应用连词and。故将but改为and。答案：第一句butand2解析：考查代词。本句意为“我浏览了新闻网站，用我的手机查看了我的电子邮件”，人称指代不一致，应用代词my。故将his改为my。答案：第二句hismy3解析：考查动词的时态。本文讲已发生的事情，谓语动词用一般过去时。故将wake改为woke。答案：第三句wakewoke4解析：考查系动词。分析句子结构可知，本句缺乏系动词，本文讲已发生的事情，谓语动词用一般过去时，主语the problemwith me是单数。故在me后加was。答案：第四句在me
17、后加was5解析：考查介词。本句意为“所以当我的朋友邀请我参加无手机服务周末夏令营时，我想这正是我所需要的”，此处指没有手机，应用介词without。故将with改为without。答案：第五句withwithout6解析：考查副词。修饰句子what I needed，应用副词形式。故将exact改为exactly。答案：第五句exactexactly7解析：考查动名词。句意：远离手机48小时改变了我的生活方式。分析句子结构可知，此处应该用动名词短语作主语。故将Keep改为Keeping。答案：第六句KeepKeeping8解析：考查固定搭配。固定搭配way of life，意为“生活方式”。
18、故去掉the。答案：第六句去掉the9解析：考查名词的单复数。frogs and insects是两种生物，是复数，所以song要用复数形式。故将song改为songs。答案：第七句songsongs10解析：考查宾语从句引导词。本句意为“我听的是我的身体想要什么，而不是我的手机告诉我要做什么”，of后接一个宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，意指“什么”，应用引导词what。故将that改为what。答案：第八句thatwhatB(2020黑龙江实验中学高三模拟)The other day,we moved tothe new school yard,where lies in the far nort
19、h of the city.We were allon high spirits.It is much big than the old one.The classrooms arebright and clean.We have a lot of modern equipment,makingconvenient for students to learn every subject.Now we can have a lotof afterclass activity on the new playground.Our teachers often playthe basketball a
20、nd soccer together with us.As spring approached,theflowers newly planting in the yard have just come out.With suchmany green trees and fragrant flowers around,we feel it less hardly tostudy and our school life more enjoyable.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了作者搬到新的校园的所见与所感。1解析：考查定语从句的引导词。句中先行词为new school yard，在非
21、限制性定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词which。句意：前几天，我们搬到了新的校园，它位于城市的最北部。故将where改为which。答案：第一句wherewhich2解析：考查固定搭配。短语in high spirits“兴高采烈的”。句意：我们都兴高采烈的。故将on改为in。答案：第二句onin3解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据句中的than提示可知，这里用形容词的比较级形式。句意：它比旧的校园大得多。故将big改为bigger。答案：第三句bigbigger4解析：考查代词。句中真正的宾语为不定式to learn everysubject，这里用it作形式宾语。句意：我们有很多现代化的设备，
22、使学生学习每一门课程都很方便。故在making后面加it。答案：第五句making后加it5解析：考查名词的单复数。名词activity为可数名词，根据前面a lot of修饰可知用复数形式。句意：现在我们可以在新操场上有很多课外活动。故将activity改为activities。答案：第六句activityactivities6解析：考查冠词。球类作为一种运动，其前一般不加冠词。句意：我们的老师经常和我们一起打篮球和踢足球。故去掉the。答案：第七句去掉the7解析：考查动词的时态。根据前后句时态可知，这里用一般现在时。句意：随着春天的临近，校园里新栽的花刚刚开放。故将approached
23、改为approaches。答案：第八句approachedapproaches8解析：考查非谓语动词。名词flowers与plant为动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。句意：随着春天的临近，校园里新栽的花刚刚开放。故将planting改为planted。答案：第八句plantingplanted9解析：考查副词。many前用副词so。句意：有这么多绿色的树和芳香的花在周围，我们觉得学习不那么困难，我们的学校生活更愉快。故将such改为so。答案：第九句suchso10解析：考查词义辨析。hardly几乎不；hard困难的。句意见上题解析。故将hardly改为 hard。答案：第九句hardlyha
24、rdC(2020 黑 龙 江 实 验 中 学 高 三 模 拟)I have a 5yearoldsister.Sometimes she fights against myself for candies.When Mommakes me to give my share to her，I always feel unwillingly.Lastweek，I caught serious cold and had to follow the doctors advices totake medicine.Before I came home from school，I noticed herl
25、eaving candies beside my medicine.I go up to her and asked“Hey，what are you doing？”In a smile，she said to me，“Candies makeme happy because I put them here to make you happy today.”Thatwas the greatest thing which Id ever experienced.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和五岁的小妹妹的故事。1解析：考查代词。句意：有时她为了糖果而跟我打架。结合句意可知此处用代词宾
26、格，故把myself改成me。答案：第二句myselfme2解析：考查省略to的动词不定式。make sb.do sth.使某人做某事，故去掉第一个to。答案：第三句去掉第一个to3解析：考查形容词作表语。句意：当妈妈让我把我的份额给她时，我总是觉得不情愿。此处feel“感觉到”是连系动词，所以后面用形容词作表语，故把unwillingly改成unwilling。答案：第三句unwillinglyunwilling4解析：考查固定搭配。句意：上一周我得了重感冒。catch acold感冒，故在caught后加不定冠词a。答案：第四句caught后加a5解析：考查名词的单复数。advice“建议
27、”是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故把advices改成advice。答案：第四句advicesadvice6解析：考查时间状语从句的引导词。句意：当我从学校回到家时，我注意到她在我的药旁边留下了糖果。结合句意可知，此处是时间状语从句，故把Before改成When/As。答案：第五句BeforeWhen/As7解析：考查动词的时态。句意：我走向他并问道。根据上文的last week可知，这里指的是过去的事请，且go和asked是并列的谓语动词，故把go改成went。答案：第六句gowent8解析：考查固定搭配。with a smile微笑着，故把In改成With。答案：第七句InWith9解析：考
28、查并列连词。句意：糖果让我快乐，所以我把它们放在这里让你今天快乐。可知此处是因果或递进的关系，故把because改成so/and。答案：第七句becauseso/and10解析：考查定语从句的引导词。句意：那是我所经历过的最伟大的事情。此处先行词thing由最高级修饰且在后面的定语从句中作宾语，故把which改成that或把which去掉。答案：第八句whichthat或去掉whichD(2020山西大同一中高三下3月考)China and Western countrymay have different cultural beliefs about certain animals.But
29、when itcomes to mice,we somehow reach an agreement that mice are timid,ugly，shortsightedly,tricky and thievishlooking.Neither of these words describing mice are exactly positive.Moreover,the truth is what mice have some good qualities.And theres probably no good time to clear their names than now,wi
30、th the arrival of the Year of the Mouse on Chinese Spring Festival,which fell January 25,2020.According to a paper publishing in 2017,mice have meticulous thoughts or are part of ecosystem.Perhaps these are the qualities of mice to keep it in mindtheir intelligence,acuity and sense of responsibility
31、.语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了虽然中西方文化都认为老鼠是一种不好的小动物，但事实上它们也有好的方面。1解析：考查名词的单复数。country是可数名词，西方国家不止一个，故应用其复数形式，故将country改为countries。答案：第一句countrycountries2解析：考查形容词。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词作表语，故将shortsightedly改为shortsighted。答案：第二句shortsightedlyshortsighted3解析：考查代词。根据上文的“timid，ugly,shortsightedly，tricky and thievishlooki
32、ng”可知修饰老鼠的形容词超过了三个，应用none代替，故将Neither改为None。答案：第三句NeitherNone4解析：考查副词。句意：然而，真相是老鼠也有一些好的品质。根据句意可知，上下文是转折关系，应用however，故将Moreover改为However。答案：第四句MoreoverHowever5解析：考查表语从句的引导词。分析句子可知，此处是表语从句连接词，从句mice have some good qualities的成分和意义都完整，应用连接词that，故将what改为that。答案：第四句whatthat6解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据下文的than判断此处应用goo
33、d的比较级，故将good改为better。答案：第五句goodbetter7解析：考查介词。此处考查固定搭配“fall on日期”，意为“适逢，正当”，故在fell后加on。答案：第五句fell后加on8解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，逻辑主语paper和publish之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词，故将publishing改为published。答案：第六句publishingpublished9解析：考查并列连词。句意：根据2017年发表的一篇文章，老鼠有细致的思维并且是生态系统的一部分。根据句意可知，上下文是顺承关系，用and符合语境，故将or改为and。答案：第六句orand10解析：考查代词。此处用不定式作qualities的后置定语，因为qualities已经作为 keep的宾语，故不再使用it，故删除keep后的it。答案：第七句去掉keep后的it