1、第五节 熟词生义切记牢 熟词生义是近几年高考完形填空中不断出现的词汇活用现象。2020年和2019年全国卷都考查了熟词生义，2018年全国卷也有3处熟词生义的考查。方法点津 对于一些熟悉单词的生僻含义，考生往往把握不准，给做题造成障碍。所以在备考时要注意根据单词本义以及词根，结合单词所处语境推断单词的生僻含义，并尽可能多地掌握多义词的含义。典例剖析(2020高考全国卷节选)Maybe its an unreasonablefear.But the 58.bottom line is that I shouldnt lie to my kids.I shouldjust59repeatedly
2、having to say,“No.We cant go outside now.”Then when they come to other doors in life,be they real ormetaphorical,they wont 60.hesitate to open them and walk through.59A.delay BregretCenjoyDaccept答题思路本题可以利用熟词生义法答题。句意：我只是应该忍受不得不重复地说：“不，我们现在不能去外面。”A.delay推迟；B.regret后悔；C.enjoy享受；D.accept接受，此处意为“承受，忍受”。这
3、里需要通过熟词生义的技巧来确定答案，也可以理解为自己应当接受的事实。故选D。(2019高考全国卷节选)However,I soon 45.discoverthat much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of46.camps among tons of rubbish.I find a 47.clean mountain,withtoilets at camps and along the paths.The environmental challenges are48but the efforts made by the T
4、anzania National Park Authorityseem to be 49.paying off.48A.newBspecialCsignificantDnecessary答题思路本题可以利用熟词生义和语境推测法解题。上文提到乞力马扎罗山有众多游客，而且有很多垃圾，还有令人心烦的诸多报道，由此可知，这里面临的环境挑战是值得注意的。部分考生因对significant的理解仅停留在very important这一层，导致错误地排除正确选项。事实上，牛津词典中的significant还有另外一层意思：large or important enough to have an effect
5、 or to be noticed(重大到足以产生影响或引起注意)，由此可知significant符合语境，故选C。A(2020湖南师大附中高三月考)What makes a gift special?Is itthe1 you see on the gift receipt?Or is it the look on the receiversface that determines the 2 value?What gift is worth the most?One evening,I was 3 what Christmas gift to give my father.My dad i
6、s a 4 person to buy for because he never wants anything.When I pulled out my phone to read a message,my eyes 5 on a photo of a flower underneath a poem by William Blake.The flower,a lone dandelion standing against the bright blue sky，6 me.Dad had been reciting the 7 to me since I was a kid.That was
7、the 8 reason why I took to writing.I 9 that those words would be my gift to my father.I sent the 10 to my computer and:typed the poem on top of it.As I was 11 the details,another poem by Edgar Allan Poe came to 12 .The poem was focused around 13 and Dad recited it as much as he did the other.So I ty
8、ped that out as well and searched online for a 14 to the words of it.After searching I found the 15 picture.The picture was painted with blues and greens and purples,16 together to create the theme and wonder of a dream.As I watched both poems 17 the printer,the white paper being colored with words
9、that 18 my childhood,I felt that this was a gift that my father would 19 appreciate.Christmas soon arrived.The minute I saw the look on my dadsface as he 20 those black letters carefully placed in a frame(框),Iknew I had given the perfect gift.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者为父亲制作圣诞礼物的过程，作者用一片真心为父亲做出了一份他喜欢的礼物。1
10、A.word BpriceCtimeDitem解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：礼物的特别之处是什么？是你在礼物收据上看到的价格吗？Aword 单词；B.price 价格；C.time 时间；D.item条款，项目。根据空后的“you see on the giftreceipt”可知，此处指“价格”。故选B。答案：B2A.smallBbigCcommonDtrue解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：还是接受者的面部表情决定了真正的价值？Asmall小的；B.big 大的；C.common共同的；D.true 真实的。根据空后的value可知，此处指礼物“真正的”价值。故选D。答案：D3A.consi
11、deringBdiscussingCpurchasingDsending解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天晚上，我正在考虑给父亲什 么 圣 诞 礼 物。A.considering 考 虑；B.discussing 讨 论；C.purchasing购置；D.sending 邮寄。根据空后的“what Christmasgift to give my father”可知，此处指“考虑”买什么礼物。故选A。答案：A4A.traditional BwealthyCdifficultDsilent解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我爸爸是个很难给他买东西的人，因为他什么都不想要。A.traditional
12、传统的；B.wealthy富有的；C.difficult困难的；D.silent 沉默的。根据空后的“person tobuy for because he never wants anything”可知，此处指为父亲买礼物是“困难的”。故选C。答案：C5A.lookedBfellCreliedDtook解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我拿出手机读一条短信时，我的目光落在了William Blake的一首诗下面的一张照片上，那是一朵花。A.looked看；B.fell 掉下；C.relied 依靠；D.took拿走。根据本句“my eyes5on a photo of a flower und
13、erneath a poemby William Blake”可知，此处指目光“落在”照片上。故选B。答案：B6A.shockedBoccupiedCinspiredDengaged解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：那朵孤独的蒲公英站在蔚蓝的天空下，给了我灵感。A.shocked 使震动；B.occupied占有；C.inspired鼓舞；D.engaged雇用，参加。此处指蒲公英给了作者“灵感”。故选C。答案：C7A.poemBruleCvalueDflower解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：从我小时候起，爸爸就一直在给我朗诵这首诗。Apoem诗；B.rule 规则；C.value 价值；D.fl
14、ower花。根据上文的a poem by William Blake可知，小时候父亲为作者朗诵这首“诗”。故选A。答案：A8A.sameBveryCeconomicDpractical解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是我开始写作的原因。A.same相同的；B.very 恰好的；C.economic经济的；D.practical切合实际的。此处指这“正是”写作的原因。故选B。答案：B9A.doubtedBdeniedCproposedDdecided解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决定把这句话作为我送给父亲的礼物。A.doubted怀疑；B.denied 拒绝；C.proposed提议；D.
15、decided决定。根据空后的“those words would be my gift to myfather”可知这是作者的“决定”。故选D。答案：D10A.photoBmessageCgiftDcomment解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我把照片发到电脑上，并在上面打出了那首诗。A.photo照片；B.message 消息；C.gift 礼物；D.comment评论。根据上文的“on a photo of a flower underneath apoem by William Blake”可知，此处指“照片”。故选A。答案：A11A.sharingBrevealingCarrangin
16、gDproviding解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：在整理细节时，我想起了Edgar Allan Poe的另一首诗。A.sharing分享；B.revealing揭示；C.arranging安排；D.providing提供。根据空后的“the details,another poem by Edgar Allan Poe came”可知，此处指“整理”细节时。故选C。答案：C12A.lifeBpowerClightDmind解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。Alife 生活；B.power 力量；C.light 光；D.mind理智，精神。固定搭配come tomind“想到，出现在脑海
17、中”。故选D。答案：D13A.strivingBdreamingCgivingDwriting解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：这首诗集中在梦想上，爸爸也像 念 另 一 首 诗 一 样 反 复 朗 诵。A striving 努 力，奋 斗；B.dreaming 梦 想；C.giving 给；D.writing 写。根 据 下 文 的“together to create the theme and wonder of a dream”可知，此处指诗集中在“梦想上”。故选B。答案：B14A.backgroundBmeaningCtranslationDpurpose解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以
18、我也把它打了出来，在网上搜索了它的背景。Abackground背景；B.meaning 意义；C.translation翻译；D.purpose目的。根据下文的“The picture waspainted with blues and greens and purples”可知，此处指为诗搜索“背景”。故选A。答案：A15A.impressiveBcolorfulCcomplexDmatching解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：搜索之后，我找到了匹配的图片。A.impressive感人的；B.colorful 富有色彩的；C.complex复杂的；D.matching相配的。根据空后的“Th
19、e picture was paintedwith blues and greens and purples”可知，此处指背景与诗“相配”。故选D。答案：D16A.pullingBtwistingCstickingDdrawing解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：这幅画用蓝、绿、紫交织在一起，营造出梦的主题和奇妙。A.pulling拉；B.twisting使弯曲；拧；C.sticking伸出；D.drawing绘画。根据空后的“together to createthe theme and wonder of a dream”可知，此处指颜色“交织”在一起。故选B。答案：B17A.putting
20、awayBrunning intoCpassing throughDgetting over解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我看着这两首诗通过打印机时，白纸被涂上了颜色，这些文字塑造了我的童年，我觉得这是父亲一 定会欣 赏的礼 物。Aputting away 收起来 放好；B.running into 撞上；C.passing through穿越，路过；D.getting over复习。根据空后的“the printer,the white paper being colored withwords”可知，此处指诗“通过”打印机。故选C。答案：C18A.shapedBillustratedCa
21、djustedDsaved解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.shaped影响发展；B.illustrated表明；C.adjusted 调整；D.saved挽救。根据本句“the white paper being colored with words that18mychildhood”可知，文字“影响”了作者的童年。shape的常见意义为“使成为现状”，此处需利用熟词生义技巧答题。故选A。答案：A19A.hardlyBoriginallyCpatientlyDcertainly解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意见第17题解析。A.hardly几乎不；B.originally最初；C.p
22、atiently耐心地；D.certainly当然。此处指作者认为父亲“当然”会欣赏。故选D。答案：D20A.analyzedBdeliveredCunwrappedDsigned解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当爸爸打开那些精心装在相框里的黑色字母时，我看到他的表情，我知道我送了一份完美的礼物。A.analyzed分析；B.delivered递送；C.unwrapped打开；D.signed署名。根据空后的“those black letters carefully placed in a frame,I knew Ihad given the perfect gift”可知，此处指父亲“打开
23、”礼物。故选C。答案：CB(2020黑龙江哈尔滨市第三中学三模)I was born into a family ofeducators.Growing up,I 1stories about my grandfather,a headmasterin Guyana.His wife was a teacher.My father and mother continued the2，teaching at the secondary school levels.As we3NationalTeacher Appreciation Week,I was 4 by Charles Blows Op
24、Ed columnin The New York Times to5two teachers who had never failed me:my parents.I hardly remember a period when my parents were not engaged in the act of 6 and teaching.When I was born in 1991,my dad,William Panaram,was trying to 7 a doctors degree in plant science in North Dakota.After we 8 to th
25、e Bronx,New York,my mom,Dhanwanti Panaram,started night 9 to get a masters degree in nutrition.10 my mom studied,she also managed a fulltime job,raised me,and learned a new city.As I watched their schooling 11 ，I learned that receiving an 12 meant much more than getting high grades.In fact,a true ed
26、ucation has meaning when its learners 13 .Both my parents show me daily how to live as a good 14 .Both teach me how to love.My parentsmy educators for lifemake it 15 that a teachers job is 16 the classroom.A meaningful teacher stays with students 17 ，in mind or in person.I am determined to be a teac
27、her myself,helping young students think freely and 18 their own ideas,which is a 19 of living,learning,and loving with my first teachers.National Teacher Appreciation Week might come around once a year,but the reality is that every single day we need to thank those who 20 more about others than they
28、 do about themselves.Who will you thank today?语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者出生于教育世家，从小受家庭影响，尤其是父母终身学习的影响，明白了接受教育的意义远不止获得高分，一个有意义的老师会永远和学生在一起。作者在文中表达了对父母的感激之情。1A.told BheardCmadeDwrote解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我出生在一个教育世家。从小到大，我听过我祖父的故事，他是圭亚那的一名校长。A.told告诉；B.heard听到；C.made制造；D.wrote写。此处指听到关于祖父的故事，故选B。答案：B2A.cultureBcustomCtra
29、ditionDjob解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的妻子是一名教师。我的父亲 和 母 亲 延 续 了 这 一 传 统，在 中 学 教 书。A.culture 文 化；B.custom习惯；C.tradition传统；D.job工作。祖父是校长，祖母是教师，父母也都是教师，此处指父母延续了当教师的传统。故选C。答案：C3A.celebratedBsharedCcongratulatedDreported解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们庆祝“全国教师感恩周”的时候，我受到了Charles Blow在纽约时报专栏的启发，感谢两位从未让我失望过的老师：我的父母。A.celebrated庆祝；B.
30、shared分享；C.congratulated祝贺；D.reported报道。此处指庆祝全国教师感恩周活动，故选A。答案：A4A.beatenBpraisedCreadDinspired解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.beaten打败；B.praised赞扬；C.read读；D.inspired激发，鼓舞。作者受纽约时报专栏的启发，借庆祝“全国教师感恩周”的机会感谢父母。故选D。答案：D5A.treatBentertainCrecognizeDthank解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意见第3题解析。A.treat对待；B.entertain娱乐，招待；C.recognize认出，识别
31、；D.thank感谢。根据下文“Both teach me how to love.My parentsmy educatorsfor life”和最后一段“we need to thank those”可知，是感谢父母。故选D。答案：D6A.actingBlearningCfeedingDsupporting解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我几乎不记得父母有一段时间没有从事学习和教学活动。A.acting表演；B.learning学习；C.feeding饲养；D.supporting支持。通过下文父母攻读学位可知，他们时刻在学习，故选B。答案：B7A.consultBabandonCadmir
32、eDacquire解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：1991年我出生的时候，我的父亲William正在北达科他州攻读植物科学博士学位。A.consult咨询，请教；B.abandon遗弃，放弃；C.admire钦佩，赞美；D.acquire获得，取得。由句意可知是获得学位，故选D。答案：D8A.turnedBreferredCmovedDsettled解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们搬到纽约布朗克斯区后，我妈妈Dhanwanti开始上夜校，以获得营养学硕士学位。A.turned转动；B.referred涉及，参考；C.moved搬家；D.settled定居，解决。move和to搭配，指搬家到某地
33、，故选C。答案：C9A.clubsBclassesCbandsDfilms解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.clubs俱乐部；B.classes课；C.bands乐队；D.films电影。根据空后的“to get amasters degree”可知是在夜校上课，故选B。答案：B10A.ButBBecauseCWhileDAlthough解析：考查连词辨析。句意：在我母亲学习的同时，她还管理着一份全职工作，抚养我，并了解一个新的城市。A.But但是；B.Because因为；C.While在期间，尽管；D.Although尽管。此处指母亲获得营养学硕士学位期间，故选C。答案：C11A.
34、experiencesBmovementsCpositionsDbenefits解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我看到他们的求学经历时，我明白了接受教育的意义远不止获得高分。A.experiences经历；B.movements运动；C.positions位置；D.benefits利益，好处。此处指父母求学的经历，继续深造的经历。故选A。答案：A12A.instructionBexaminationCeducationDaward解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.instruction指令，命令；B.examination考试；C.education教育；D.award奖。根据下文“
35、a true education has meaning”可知是真正的教育的意义，故选C。答案：C13A.take backBgive backClook backDcall back解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：事实上，真正的教育只有在学习者回馈的时候才有意义。A.take back拿回，撤销；B.give back回馈，归还；C.look back回顾；D.call back回电话，收回。此处需要利用熟词生义技巧答题。give back常用的意义为“归还”，此处是指学习者的回馈，故选B。答案：B14A.learnerBbelieverCconductorDperformer解析：考查名词词
36、义辨析。句意：我的父母每天都教我如何成为一个好的学习者。A.learner学习者；B.believer信徒；C.conductor指挥；D.performer表演者。与上文“a true education has meaningwhen its learners”呼应，作者认为父母是好的学习者。故选A。答案：A15A.independentBimportantCnecessaryDclear解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的父母我一生的教育工作 者 清 楚 地 告 诉 我，教 师 的 工 作 不 仅 仅 是 在 教 室 里。A.independent独立的；B.important重要的；C
37、.necessary必要的；D.clear清楚的。父母通过自身行为让作者清楚明白了教育的意义，故选D。答案：D16A.beyondBacrossCinsideDto解析：考查介词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.beyond超过；B.across穿过；C.inside在里面；D.to对于，朝。根据下文“Ameaningful teacher stays with students17，in mind or in person.”可知，教师的工作是超出教室的，故选A。答案：A17A.evenBforeverCbeforeDonce解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：一个有意义的老师会永远和学生在一起，无论
38、是在心里还是在身边。A.even甚至；B.forever永远；C.before以前，过去；D.once一次，曾经。根据空后的“inmind or in person”可知是永远和学生在一起，故选B。答案：B18A.stopBacceptCreceiveDdevelop解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决心成为一名教师，帮助年轻学生自由思考，发展自己的想法，这是我和我的启蒙老师一起生活、学习和热爱的结果。A.stop停止；B.accept接受，承认；C.receive收到；D.develop发展，进步。根据think freely 和theirown ideas可知是鼓励学生发展自己的观点，故选D
39、。答案：D19A.purposeBdecisionCresultDchance解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.purpose目的；B.decision决定；C.result结果；D.chance机会。此处指作者的决心是受父母长期影响的结果，故选C。答案：C20A.careBwaitCaccountDlook解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：“全国教师感恩周”可能每年举行一次，但现实是，每一天我们都需要感谢那些关心别人胜过关心自己的人。A.care关心；B.wait等待；C.account解释，导致；D.look看。与上文“A meaningful teacher stays with students17，in mind or in person.”呼应，care about“关心”，故选A。答案：A