1、第二节 上下前后看语境 完形填空题主要考查考生对语境的理解能力，所以空格的前后多有暗示(后文暗示前文的居多)。考生在做题时，一定要从整体上把握文章的内容，弄清文章的结构和文章的内在逻辑关系。方法点津 完形填空所选文章是一个完整的语篇，因此必须结合上下文语境进行综合考虑。做题时应该把握好文章的主线和上下文的内在联系，切勿断章取义，就题论题，忽略上下文的信息提示。典例剖析(2020高考全国卷节选)I hate lying to the kids.One day theyll 47.wake up and discover that everything theyve always known ab
2、out windows is a 48 .48A.dream BlieCFantasyDfact答题思路本题可以利用上文语境解题。句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。dream梦想；lie谎言；fantasy幻想；fact事实。根据“I hate lying to the kids.”以及前文作者把门说成窗户可知，这里意思是他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。故选B。(2019高考全国卷节选)Back home,Ehlers was troubled by that 45.lost dog.So,four days later,he
3、 called his friend Greg,and the two drove 46 .After a long and careful 47.search,Greg saw,across a field,the dog moving 48.cautiously away.Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him.46A.homeBpastCbackDon答题思路本题可以利用上下文语境解题。根据本段的第一句中的back home可知，Ehlers已经回到家，再根据后文把小狗哄到他的身边可推知他又回到了发现小狗的地方，故
4、用back表示开车回去找小狗，故选C项。A(2020河北石家庄市综合训练一)My carpenter is a competent,even gifted craftsman.But my old house still makes him feel1.Itwas2 well over a century ago,probably by very poor people,and it3.My carpenters4to me:“Move out.”What he doesnt5isthat I like it here.Its my homes imperfections that make
5、it interesting.This very thought 6 me just the other day while I was sitting at the counter in a bar.The bar opened in 1931,and little about its 7 has changed over the years.The long countertop has been bent and worn down to its bedrock so 8 .Once a visitor asked the owner 9 why he hadnt 10 it.Not m
6、issing a beat and being a man after my own heart,the 11 remarked,“Do you know how many elbows it took to get it this way？”Thats it,then.An imperfect product,like a perfect one,is also the 12 of our labor,and as such it needs to be 13 for what it is,rather than what it isnt.Im14that,at root,my carpen
7、ter 15 realizes this.Recently,whilemaking a new skylight(天窗)in my home,he 16 wood and had to take apiece from my scrap(废料)pile.The“17”was that my son,when he waslittle,had burned his name into the board with a magnifying glass.“Imsorry I had to use scrap，”said the carpenter as we looked up at the bu
8、rnt18，“but I didnt think youd 19.Does it look OK？”“Oh，yes，”I assured him as I admired his handwork.“Its 20.”语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了一个木匠帮作者修缮旧房子的故事。木匠建议作者搬出去，而作者很喜欢老房子，最后木匠也理解了作者的意图。不完美的产品和完美的产品一样，都是我们劳动的结果，因此，它应该为“它是什么”而不是“它不是什么”而受到赞赏。1A.delighted BhopelessCembarrassedDconfident解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是我的老房子仍然
9、让他感到 无 可 救 药。A.delighted 高 兴 的；B.hopeless 无 可 救 药 的；C.embarrassed 为 难 的；D.confident 自 信 的。根 据 下 文“Mycarpenters4to me：Move out.”说明，房子的状况不好，让他感到无可救药(hopeless)。故选B。答案：B2A.rentedBsoldCbuiltDpurchased解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：房子呈现出来的是它建于一个世纪以前，也许是由穷人建造的。A.rented租；B.sold卖；C.built建造；D.purchased购买。根据“well over a centu
10、ry ago,probablyby very poor people”，作者的老房子建(build)于一个世纪以前。故选C。答案：C3A.showsBstandsCshinesDimproves解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.shows展现；B.stands站立；C.shines闪耀；D.improves证明。根据下文“andlittle about its7has changed over the years”房子的外观展现出(show)可能是什么人建造的房子以及建造的年代。故选A。答案：A4A.attitudeBresponseCofferDadvice解析：考查名词词义辨析。
11、句意：木匠的建议是搬出去。A.attitude态度；B.response回应；C.offer提议；D.advice建议。房子是作者的，木匠只是在提建议(advice)，建议作者搬出去。故选D。答案：D5A.predictBunderstandCguaranteeDprove解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不能理解的是我喜欢它。A.predict预言；B.understand理解；C.guarantee保证；D.prove证明。根据上文“My carpenters4 to me:Move out.”说明木匠不理解(understand)作者住老房子。故选B。答案：B6A.dawned onBst
12、ood forCdepended onDwaited for解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：前几天，我坐在酒吧的柜台前时，突然明白了这个想法。A.dawned on明白；B.stood for代表；C.depended on依靠；D.waited for等。根据上下文可知，是作者在另一个地方听到店主对旧吧台的评价后，明白了(dawn on)人们为什么喜欢旧的东西。故选A。答案：A7A.guestsBserviceCdrinksDappearance解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家酒吧1931年开业，这些年来 它 的 外 观 几 乎 没 有 变 化。A.guests 客 人；B.service
13、服 务；C.drinks饮料；D.appearance外貌。根据下文“The long countertophas been bent and worn down to its bedrock so8.”说明是酒吧的外貌(appearance)。故选D。答案：D8A.fastBslightlyCmuchDeasily解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：长长的工作台面已经弯得很厉害，磨成了基岩。A.fast快地；B.slightly轻微地；C.much很，非常；D.easily容易地。根据上文“bent and worn down to its bedrock”说明磨损得厉害(much)。故选C。答案
14、：C9A.abruptlyBcuriouslyCrudelyDseriously解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：曾经，一个访客好奇地问老板，为什么不把它换掉。A.abruptly突然地；B.curiously好奇地；C.rudely粗鲁地；D.seriously严重地。游客看到吧台老旧，出于好奇(curiously)问老板。故选B。答案：B10A.replacedBattendedCdecoratedDwithdrawn解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：曾经，一个访客好奇地问老板，为 什 么 不 把 它 换 掉。A.replaced 替 换；B.attended 参 加；C.decorated装饰；
15、D.withdrawn收回。老旧的东西，按常理来说需要被换掉(replace)。故选A。答案：A11A.carpenterBvisitorCownerDboy解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：店主毫不犹豫地说出了自己的心 里 话：“你 知 道 这 得 用 多 少 胳 膊 肘 才 能 弄 成 这 样吗？”A.carpenter木匠；B.visitor参观者；C.owner拥有者，主人；D.boy男孩。前文“Once a visitor asked the owner”说明，是酒吧老板(owner)在回答。故选C。答案：C12A.purposeBpriceCresultDcopy解析：考查名词词义辨析
16、。句意：不完美的产品，和完美的产品一样，都是我们劳动的结果，因此，它应该为“它是什么”而不是“它不是什么”而受到赞赏。A.purpose目的；B.price价格；C.result结果；D.copy复制品。不完美的产品和完美的产品一样，都是我们劳动的结果。故选C。答案：C13A.transformedBcheckedCfixedDadmired解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.transformed改变；B.checked检查；C.fixed修理；D.admired赞赏。前文“Once avisitor asked the owner9 why he hadnt10 it.Not mi
17、ssing a beatand being a man after my own heart,the 11 remarked”说明，老板赞赏这个老旧的吧台。故选D。答案：D14A.regretful BcertainCfearfulDguilty解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我确定，从根本上说，我的木匠意识到了这一点。A.regretful后悔的；B.certain确定的；C.fearful害怕的；D.guilty内疚的。根据下文“at root,my carpenter15 realizes this”说明确定的(certain)事情。故选B。答案：B15A.alsoBevenCstill
18、Dnever解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.also也；B.even甚至；C.still仍然；D.never从未。作者自己意识到了，木匠也(also)意识到了。故选A。答案：A16A.cut upBused upCput awayDgave away解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：最近，在给我家做新天窗时，木头用完了，他要从废料中拿一块。A.cut up切碎；B.used up用完；C.put away储存；D.gave away泄露。根据下文“had to take apiece from my scrap pile”说明新的用完(use up)了。故选B。答案：B17A.adva
19、ntageBmeaningCdifficultyDproblem解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是我的儿子，在他小时候，用放大镜把他的名字刻在了板上。A.advantage优势；B.meaning意义；C.difficulty困难；D.problem问题。根据下文“my son,when he was little,had burned his name into the board with amagnifying glass”可知，问题是我的儿子，在他小时候，用放大镜把他的名字刻在了板上。故选D。答案：D18A.lettersBpileCwallsDglass解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意
20、：在我们看着刻的字时，木匠说很抱歉我不得不用这个废品，但是我认为你不会介意的。A.letters字母；B.pile堆；C.walls墙；D.glass玻璃。前文“hadburned his name into the board with a magnifying glass”说明看的是由字母(letter)组成的名字。故选A。答案：A19A.enjoyBchangeCmindDcompromise解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.enjoy享受；B.change改变；C.mind介意；D.compromise妥协。这里是木匠征求作者的意见，看作者介不介意(mind)自己用。故选C。
21、答案：C20A.reasonableBworthwhileCbearableDperfect解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很完美。A.reasonable合理的；B.worthwhile值得的；C.bearable可以承受的；D.perfect完美的。根据“I admired his handwork”可知，很完美。故选D。答案：DB(2020云南红河州高三检测)Last month,I had the chance tospeak at a meeting in San Diego.It was very1because for the firsttime,I was able to2in
22、 front of a large group of people without anypanic.During my first public speaking event,I read it over and over again,and 3 speaking the words exactly as they were written.But it was where I made a 4 I held on to the words exactly as they were written.So,when the time 5 for me to talk and words did
23、nt come out exactly as planned,I was clearly 6 .After my first speaking event,I quickly 7 I was afraid of speaking in public.And I knew the only way for me to overcome that fear would be 8 practice.Therefore,I 9 doing“Behind the Cover”video interviews that made me 10 my thoughts on camera.Since I wa
24、snt in front of the 11 ，if I made a mistake I could just start over again.At first,I always made mistakes.During the first six months of video 12 ，it took me five or six tries to speak 13 ，which often let me depressed.But today,I usually 14 it on the first or second try.Of course,the videos arent th
25、e 15 thing as speaking in front of the audience,but they help me 16 the fear of speaking to the audience.I also 17 at any chance I had to speak in public,no matter how much it frightened me.18 the famous saying goes,“Practice makes perfect.”I knew Id never get 19 if I let my fear keep me away from p
26、ublic speaking.So I just20doing it.Each time I got better,I became morecomfortable.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过克服演讲恐惧症，明白了唯有练习才能克服心中的恐惧，并一直坚持，成为更好的自己。1A.embarrassing BmeaningfulCmovingDfrightening解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是非常有意义的，因为我第 一 次 能 够 在 一 大 群 人 面 前 演 讲，没 有 感 到 丝 毫 恐 慌。A.embarrassing令人尴尬的；B.meaningful 有意义的
27、；C.moving令人感动的；D.frightening令人害怕的。根据下文“for the first time,I was able to 2 in front of a large group of people without any panic(因为这是我第一次能够没有恐惧，在一大群人面前演讲)”可知，这件事对于作者而言是很有意义的。故选B项。答案：B2A.informBmentionCwhisperDspeak解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.inform通知；B.mention提及，谈到；C.whisper耳语；D.speak演讲。结合上文“Last month,I h
28、ad the chance to speak at a meeting in SanDiego.(上个月，我有机会在圣地亚哥的一个会议上演讲)”可知，此处是在一大群人面前演讲。故选D项。答案：D3A.admiredBrepairedCpracticedDmanaged解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我的第一次公开演讲中，我一遍又一遍地读和练习，使说的话与写的单词一模一样。A.admired钦佩，羡慕；B.repaired修理；C.practiced练习；Dmanaged管理。根据上文“During my first public speaking event,I read it over an
29、dover again(在我的第一次公开演讲中，我一遍又一遍地读)”可知，作者一遍又一遍地练习。故选C项。答案：C4A.conclusionBplanCdecisionDmistake解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：但那是我犯错误的地方我一模一样地把那些单词读出来。A.conclusion结论；B.plan计划；C.decision决定；D.mistake错误。根据下文“So,when the time5for me to talk and words didnt come out exactly as planned,I wasclearly6.(所以，当我说话的时候，并没有完全按照计划把那些
30、语句说出来，我显然是十分惊慌失措的)”可知，作者一模一样地把那些单词读出来是作者出错的地方。故选D项。答案：D5A.cameBrecycledCarousedDignored解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，当我演讲的时候，单词不像我所计划的那样确切地出现在我的脑海里，我显然是十分惊慌失措的。A.came到来；B.recycled循环使用；C.aroused引起，唤醒；D.ignored忽视。结合语境，当“我”演讲的时间到来时。故选A项。答案：A6A.uniqueBpanickedCambitiousDdepressed解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.unique独一无二的；B
31、.panicked恐慌的；C.ambitious野心勃勃的；D.depressed沮丧的。结合上文“words didnt come out exactly as planned”单词不像作者所计划的那样确切地出现在我的脑海里时，作者会感到恐慌。故选B项。答案：B7A.describedBrecognizedCexplainedDrealized解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我的第一次演讲之后，我很快 意 识 到 了 我 害 怕 在 公 共 场 合 演 讲。A.described 描 述；B.recognized辨认出；C.explained解释；D.realized意识到。根据下文“I w
32、as afraid of speaking in public”可知，在第一次演讲失败之后，“我”很快意识到“我”害怕在公众场合演讲。故选D项。答案：D8A.aboveBforCthroughDout解析：考查介词词义辨析。句意：我知道我克服恐惧的唯一方法就是通过练习。A.above在的上面；B.for为了；C.through通过；D.out从里出去。through作介词，意为“通过的方法”。根据下文“Practice makes perfect.”可知，我克服恐惧的唯一方法就是通过练习。故选C项。答案：C9A.startedBreceivedCrefusedDabandoned解析：考查动词
33、词义辨析。句意：因此，我开始了“Behind theCover”的视频采访，这让我在镜头下分享我的想法。A.started开始；B.received接受；C.refused拒绝；D.abandoned放弃。根据上文“And I knew the only way for me to overcome that fear would be8practice.”作者知道自己克服恐惧的唯一方法就是通过练习，因此作者开始视频采访。故选A项。答案：A10A.admitBshareCexploreDcomplain解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.admit承认；B.share 分 享；C.ex
34、plore 探 索；D.complain 抱 怨。结 合 上 文“Therefore,I9doing Behind the Cover video interviews”可知，作者开始了“Behind the Cover”的视频采访，这样可以与人们分享他的想法。故选B项。答案：B11A.audienceBpasserbyCclassmateDschoolmate解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为我不在观众面前，如果我犯了错，可以重新开始。A.audience观众，听众；B.passerby路人；C.classmate同班同学；D.schoolmate校友。根据下文“Of course,the
35、videos arent the15thing as speaking in front of theaudience(当然，这些视频并不是在观众面前讲话)”可知，这个节目不直接面对观众。故选A项。答案：A12A.contributionsBinterviewsCdebatesDdirections解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在前六个月的视频采访中，我需 要 尝 试 五 六 次 才 能 流 利 地 说 出 来，这 让 我 感 到 沮 丧。A.contributions捐献；B.interviews采访，面试；C.debates辩论；D.directions方向。结合上文“Therefore,
36、I9doing Behind theCover video interviews(因此，我开始了Behind the Cover视频采访)”可知，此处是前六个月的视频采访。故选B项。答案：B13A.frequentlyBregularlyCimmediatelyDfluently解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.frequently 频繁地；B.regularly有规律地；C.immediately立即地；D.fluently流利地。结合下文“But today,I usually 14 it on the first or second try.”可知，但现在，“我”通常在第一次或
37、第二次时就能成功。而刚开始时，需要尝试五六次才能流利地说出来。故选D项。答案：D14A.confirmBdeserveCmakeDoccupy解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：但现在，我通常在第一次或第二次时就能成功。A.confirm确认，证实；B.deserve值得；C.make做；D.occupy占领。make it为固定搭配，意为“成功”。故选C项。答案：C15A.sameBdifferentCsmoothDsecret解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当然，这些视频采访并不像在观众面前演讲一样，但它们确实帮助我克服了对观众演讲的恐惧。A.same 相 同 的；B.different 不 同
38、 的；C.smooth 顺 利 的；D.secret秘密的。根据上文“Since I wasnt in front of the11，ifI made a mistake I could just start over again.(因为我不在观众面前，如果我犯了错误，我可以重新开始)”可知，“我”所参加的视频采访与直接面对观众是不同的事情。故选A项。答案：A16A.get throughBget overCget awayDget along解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意见上题解析。A.get through通过，到达；B.get over克服；C.get away远离，离去；D.get al
39、ong与和睦相处。结合上文“Of course,the videos arent the15thing as speaking in front of the audience(当然，这些视频并不像在观众面前讲话一样)”及连接词but可知，虽然和在观众面前讲话不一样，但是确实能帮助“我”克服恐惧。故选B项。答案：B17A.acceptedBpreferredCjumpedDrefused解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我也欣然接受任何在公共场合发言的机会，不管有多吓人。A.accepted接受；B.preferred更喜欢；C.jumped跳；D.refused拒绝。jump at为固定搭配，意
40、为“欣然接受”。故选C项。答案：C18A.OverBSinceCLikeDAs解析：考查连词词义辨析。句意：俗话说：“熟能生巧”。A.Over 在上；B.Since 自从；CLike像；DAs正如。asthe famous saying goes为固定搭配，意为“俗话说”。故选D项。答案：D19A.worseBprettierCbetterDhealthier解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我知道，如果我让恐惧使我远离公众演讲，我就永远不会变得更好。A.worse更坏的；B.prettier更漂亮的；C.better更好的；D.healthier更健康的。结合全文，如果作者没有克服恐惧，远离了公众演讲，他永远不会变得更好。故选C项。答案：C20A.keepBhesitateCwanderDstay解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我会一直坚持下去。A.keep保持；B.hesitate犹豫；C.wander徘徊；D.stay停留。根据下文“Each time I got better,I became more comfortable.”可知，我会一直坚持下去。keep doing为固定搭配，意为“坚持下去”。故选A项。答案：A