1、第七节 生活常识记心间 生活是一本书，世事洞明皆学问。根据生活常识答题，也是完形填空要考查的一个方面。考生在把握全文意思的基础上，有时还需要根据生活常识和一般情理进行选择。方法点津风声，雨声，读书声，声声入耳；家事，国事，天下事，事事关心。考生要以丰富的生活阅历、细腻的情感和敏锐的观察力造就自己强大的内心，从而顺利解答书本上、现实生活中和试卷里的问题。典例剖析(2020高考全国卷节选)As he often did,he stopped bythe“after work auction(拍卖)”43by the Italian police wherethings 44.found on th
2、e trains were sold to the highest bidder.43A.attended BreservedCcancelledDrun答题思路本题可以根据生活常识答题。句意：像往常一样，他顺便去了“下班后拍卖”，这个拍卖会是由意大利警方管理的，在火车上发现的东西卖给出价最高的竞标人。A.attended参加；B.reserved保护；C.cancelled取消；D.run管理。结合常识可知，拍卖会上需要有警察来维持秩序，进行拍卖，故选D项。(2019高考全国卷节选)“Of course,we 42.notice itwhen the sun is shining，”says
3、 Karin Ro,who works for the townstourism office.“We see the sky is 43.blue,but down in the valley itsdarkerits like on a 44 day.”44A.cloudyBnormalCdifferentDwarm答题思路本题可以根据生活常识答题。上文提到看到天空是蓝色的，但山谷里较暗。根据生活常识可知，山谷里较暗，就像阴天一样，故选A。A(2020云南大理、丽江、怒江高三联考)Do you remember thelast time you spoke to your mother a
4、nd expressed how much you loveher?If you do,when?I am1if it was only me but we that tend tohave the habit of avoiding 2 how important our parents are to us.I am not3to expressing how much I love my parents.It is notbecause I am 4 about telling it,but because I dont feel like saying it.But that5the m
5、oment I learned that my mother had been6with stage 3 breast cancer in November 2016.We followed all her7advice.For two years,she continued to fight against the big C(癌),going through the 8 of chemotherapy(化疗)and all.People around did everything they could to help her 9andmentally.Her cochurch goers,
6、uplifting her spiritually whenever shefelt like10，became more than a family to us.All through herjourney,Ive 11 how these people became a part of her.I couldnt betoo 12 for their generosity.However,after nearly two years of13，that day finallyarrived on March 25,2018.It wasnt easy to 14 .It wasnt eas
7、y not to 15 what she had done for me and my siblings.I know it isnt too late to 16 all the things a mother had done to their children.However,only when they arent around us can you notice it 17 .This is one of the things we tend to 18 to appreciate whatever our parents do to us.I know it isnt late f
8、or those whose 19 are still around them.Let them know how much you appreciate all their 20 .All they have done in your life is just to make sure you are in good condition.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者分享的母亲与癌症抗争最终不幸逝世的故事，告诫读者要珍惜陪伴父母的时光，多去表达对他们的感激。1A.unsure BcertainCawareDskeptical解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不确定是否只有我这样，还
9、是我们都习惯于不去表达父母对我们的重要性。A.unsure不确定的；B.certain确定的，某一的；C.aware意识到的；D.skeptical怀疑的。从空后if引导的宾语从句来看，作者对这种情况是否普遍是不太确定的。故选A项。答案：A2A.pretendingBadmittingCexpressingDapproving解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.pretending假装；B.admitting承认；C.expressing表达；D.approving赞成。与下一段中的“expressing how much I love my parents”对应，这里也指不愿意表达父
10、母有多重要。故选C项。答案：C3A.devotedBdelightedCashamedDaccustomed解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不习惯表达对父母的爱意。A.devoted 献 身 的；B.delighted 愉 快 的；C.ashamed 羞 愧 的；D.accustomed习惯的。与上文的habit一词对应，这里要用beaccustomed to表示“习惯于”。故选D项。答案：D4A.awkwardBshyCannoyedDindifferent解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：并不是因为我羞于讲出这些，而是因为我不愿意说出口。A.awkward尴尬的；B.shy害羞的；C.an
11、noyed生气的；D.indifferent冷淡的。后句指出作者不表达的原因是不想说出口，而非一般容易想到的太含蓄、羞于直接表达爱意。故选B项。答案：B5A.changedBstoppedCcontinuedDdisappeared解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当2016年11月我知道母亲被诊断为三期乳腺癌的那一刻时，一切都改变了。A.changed改变；B.stopped停止；C.continued继续；D.disappeared消失。结合下文内容来看，这里指作者不爱表达对父母的爱意和感激的想法从此改变了。故选A项。答案：A6A.diagnosedBsentencedCfacedDconc
12、erned解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.diagnosed诊断；B.sentenced判决；C.faced面对；D.concerned担心。根据空后给出的宾语cancer，显然这里指“诊断出了癌症”。故选A项。答案：A7A.friendsBphysiciansCneighborsDfamilys解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们遵从了她医生的全部建议。A.friends朋友们的；B.physicians医生们的；C.neighbors邻居们的；D.familys家人的。既然是诊断出了癌症，就要积极配合医生进行治疗。故选B项。答案：B8A.dangerBsorrowCprocess
13、Dtrial解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：两年来，她一直与癌魔斗争，经历了化疗过程和许许多多。A.danger危险；B.sorrow悲伤；C.process过程；D.trial试验，审判。这里名词所有格搭配的是chemotherapy“化疗”，且动词是go through，应该用process表示“经历化疗过程”。故选C项。答案：C9A.officiallyBpracticallyCoccasionally Dfinancially解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：身边的人做了一切能做的事来帮助她无论是经济方面还是精神方面。A.officially正式地；B.practically实际地；C.oc
14、casionally偶尔；D.financially财政上。这里与mentally并列表示人们给予作者母亲的帮助，从病人的角度考虑，应该指经济支持和精神支持。故选D项。答案：D10A.holding onBpicking upCtaking offDgiving up解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：同去一个教堂的教徒们，在她每次想要放弃时都在精神上鼓励她。A.holding on坚持住；B.picking up捡起；C.taking off脱下，起飞；D.giving up放弃。既然是在鼓励，应该是在病人心情低落、想要放弃时。故选D项。答案：D11A.suspectedBexperiencedC
15、witnessedDwondered解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我见证了这些人是怎么成为她的一部分的。A.suspected怀疑；B.experienced体验；C.witnessed目击；D.wondered想知道。母亲周围的人们为母亲所做的一切，应该是全部被作者看在眼里的，也就是说作者目睹、见证了这一切。故选C项。答案：C12A.carefulBregretfulCgratefulDthoughtful解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我对他们的慷慨感激不尽。A.careful 小 心 的；B.regretful 后 悔 的；C.grateful 感 激 的；D.thoughtful体贴的
16、。受人帮助，应是心存感激的。故选C项。答案：C13A.appreciatingBbattlingCobservingDchallenging解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而大概两年的抗争之后，2018年的3月25日，那一天终于还是来了。A.appreciating感激，欣赏；B.battling战斗；C.observing观察；D.challenging挑战。联系上下文，这里指的就是作者的母亲在两年里坚持与病魔斗争，但最终失败了。故选B项。答案：B14A.understandBadmitCforgetDaccept解 析：考 查 动 词 词 义 辨 析。句 意：接 受 这 个 事 实 很 难
17、。A.understand理解；B.admit承认；C.forget忘记；D.accept接受。上一段所指的就是母亲已经去世了，这个事实显然是难以接受的。故选D项。答案：D15A.noticeBhearCsayDknow解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：想要忽视她为我和兄弟姐妹们做过的一切也很难。A.notice注意到；B.hear听见；C.say说；D.know知道。这一段是作者缅怀母亲时的感悟，在此时作者回想起过去的种种，在这里要表达母亲为他们做的事情是很容易看到的。故选A项。答案：A16A.admireBappreciateCenjoyDvalue解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道感恩一位
18、母亲为她的孩子做过的一切不会太晚。A.admire羡慕；B.appreciate感激，欣赏；C.enjoy享受；D.value评价。这句话也是作者站在子女角度发出的感慨，身为孩子要对母亲做的一切心怀感激。故选B项。答案：B17A.moreBoftenCseldomDless解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：但只有在母亲已不在身边时，你才会想到母亲们做的要多得多。A.more更多；B.often经常；C.seldom很少；D.less更少。这里的it指代前文中的“all the thingsa mother had done to their children”，是为了突出“子欲养而亲不待”的悲凉心
19、境，失去了才知其珍贵，参考表示转折关系的连词however。故选A项。答案：A18A.forgiveBtreasureCrememberDforget解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一件我们容易忘记的事。A.forgive原谅；B.treasure珍惜；C.remember记住；D.forget忘记。与第一段作者提出的问题呼应，人们容易忘记、忽视向父母感恩这件事。故选D项。答案：D19A.childrenBparentsCcolleaguesDsiblings解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道这对那些父母还健在的人来说并不算晚。A.children孩子们；B.parents父母；C.col
20、leagues同事；D.siblings兄弟姐妹。与上一段中“when they arent aroundus”对应，作者是在提醒人们珍惜机会感恩父母。故选B项。答案：B20A.preferenceBexpenseCeffortsDachievements解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：让他们知道你有多感谢他们付出的所有努力。A.preference偏好；B.expense花费；C.efforts努力；D.achievements成就。这里与上一段中出现的“a mother had doneto their children”含义相同，指父母辛苦为孩子付出的一切。故选C项。答案：CB(2020深
21、圳高三二模)Before I turned 10,I lost my parents.Mysiblings left Hyderabad after my relatives1them,but I insisted onstaying back to continue my2.And I began to deliver newspaper to3myself.I would be up every morning by 5 am.and4five kilometersto the newspaper office.By 6 am.,I would be5my copies of theUrd
22、u Daily.The area I was6for spanned 3 kilometers.Afterdistributing the7，I would rush home,quickly eat and be off to highschool.One wintry morning in 1945，I got home after my 8 to find a boy of my age at my doorstep.He 9 himself as Afzal and said his father wanted to see me.I was greeted at the door b
23、y Afzals mother,Nazeem.Afzals father,Mr.Kader,10 us as Nazeem served me tea and snacks.Nazeem gently asked me about my daily 11 .I told her about my morning job and school.They were 12 that I had to walk so much in one day.Later,as I was about to leave,Mr.Kader 13 into another room,and when he reapp
24、eared,he was 14 a new bicycle.“This is for you！”he said.It took a few seconds for this act of kindness to 15 .I didnt realize that 16 were rolling down my face.Mr.Kader said,“Your newspaper editor is a friend of mine.He gave me your 17 ，so I knew you lived close by.Then Afzal told us more about you.
25、”I bowed,18 shook hands with them and left.The 19 brought convenience to my life and taught me a lifelong lesson:Help should always be needbased.Never try to 20 a person who is dying of thirst.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。通过作者被Mr.Kader帮助的经历，告诉我们帮助别人要考虑别人的需要，做到“雪中送炭”。1A.abandoned BcomfortedCbetrayedDadopted解析：考查动词词
26、义辨析。句意：被亲戚收养后，我的兄弟姐妹离开了Hyderabad(海得拉巴，印度南部一城市)，但我仍坚持留下来继续我的学业。A.abandoned抛弃；B.comforted安慰；C.betrayed背叛；D.adopted收养；采纳。根据第一句“I lost my parents”和第二句可知，作者失去父母，作者的兄弟姐妹也跟着亲戚离开了，因此作者的兄弟姐妹们是被作者的亲戚收养了。故选D。答案：D2A.trainingBcareerCeducationDrelationship解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.training培训，训练；B.career职业；C.education
27、教育，学业；D.relationship关系。根据本段最后一句作者发完报纸，吃完饭后就匆匆赶往学校可知，作者仍然继续自己的学业。故选C。答案：C3A.occupyBsupportCimproveDplease解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始送报纸来养活自己。A.occupy占据；B.support支持，养活；C.improve提高，改善；D.please使高兴。根据本句可知，作者是通过送报纸来维持生活的。故选B。答案：B4A.cycleBwalkCdriveDwander解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我每天早上五点就起来，走5公里到报社。A.cycle骑自行车；B.walk走路；C.dri
28、ve开车；D.wander闲逛。根据第三段“I had to walk so much in one day”可知，作者是走路去报社的。故选B。答案：B5A.collectingBpublishingCsellingDbuying解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：到早上六点时，我会领取好乌尔都日报。A.collecting收集，领取；B.publishing出版；C.selling卖；D.buying买。根据作者的时间进度，作者起床后走路去报社，领完报纸后再拿去送报纸。故选A。答案：A6A.famousBhelpfulCresponsibleDsuitable解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我负责
29、的片区跨度有3公里。A.famous著名的；B.helpful有帮助的；C.responsible负责的；D.suitable合适的。根据常识，报童都有自己负责的区域。故选C。答案：C7A.copiesBfilesCbrochuresDbooks解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：分送完报纸后，我跑回家，匆匆 忙 忙 吃 完 饭，然 后 去 学 校。A.copies 份 数；B.files 文 档；C.brochures小册子；D.books书籍。根据前文“my copies of theUrdu Daily”可知，这里指派送完作者自己的报纸份数。故选A。答案：A8A.studiesBdeliver
30、iesCeffortsDtasks解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：1945年冬天的一个早上，我送完报纸回到家，结果却发现有一个和我年纪相仿的男孩在我家门口。A.studies学习；B.deliveries发货，派送；C.efforts努力；D.tasks任务。本句的deliveries与第一段的distribute词性不同，但意思相近，属于同义词复现。结合语境，可知作者送完报纸后回到家中。故选B。答案：B9A.regardedBbehavedCconsideredDintroduced解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他介绍说他叫Afzal，并且说他的父亲想见我。A.regarded当作；B.beh
31、aved行为；C.considered认为；D.introduced介绍。根据男孩的名字Afzal可知，因为作者与该男孩互不相识，因此男孩先作了自我介绍。故选D。答案：D10A.wantedBinvitedCjoinedDleft解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Nazeem为我端上茶和甜点时，Afzal的父亲也加入我们。A.wanted想要；B.invited邀请；C.joined加入；D.left离开。根据下文“They were12”可知Mr.Kader过来招呼我，加入我们的谈话。故选C。答案：C11A.workBroutineCdealsDburdens解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：Na
32、zeem温和地问我一天的日常。A.work工作；B.routine常规；C.deals交易；D.burdens负担。根据下文“I told her about my morning job and school.”可知，Nazeem在问作者一天的日常。故选B。答案：B12A.shockedBconfusedCembarrassedDdisappointed解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：了解到我每天得走这么长的路，他们感到很震惊。A.shocked感到震惊的；B.confused困惑的；C.embarrassed尴尬的；D.disappointed失望的。根据本句“walk somuch”可知
33、，当他们听到作者每天走的路很长时，感到十分震惊。故选A。答案：A13A.spunBbrokeCdisappearedDescaped解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，正当我要离开时，Mr.Kader消失不见，去了另一间屋子，当他再一次出现时，他推着一辆新自行车。A.spun旋转；B.broke打破；C.disappeared消失；D.escaped逃离。根据下文的reappeared可知，Mr.Kader先消失又出现。故选C。答案：C14A.mendingBsendingCdesigningDwheeling解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题。A.mending修理；B.sending送；C
34、.designing设计；D.wheeling旋转，推动。故选D。答案：D15A.sink inBget inCset upDtake up解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：我几秒钟才理解这善良的举动。A.sink in完全被理解；B.get in加入；C.set up成立；D.take up占据；从事。作者对Mr.Kader送自己新自行车的举动感到惊讶，以至于需要点时间才缓过神来。故选A。答案：A16A.thanksBsmilesCapologiesDtears解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我没有意识到自己的眼泪从脸颊流下。A.thanks感谢；B.smiles微笑；C.apologies道歉；
35、D.tears眼泪。根据常识，在脸上流下的只能是眼泪，此处是感动的眼泪。故选D。答案：D17A.nameBidentityCsecretDaddress解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他给我你的地址，所以我了解到你就住在附近。A.name名字；B.identity身份；C.secret秘密；D.address地址。根据下句“so I knew you lived close by”可知，Mr.Kader了解到作者的住址，说明作者的报纸编辑给他作者的地址。故选D。答案：D18A.gentlyBgratefullyCKindlyDfirmly解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：我鞠了一躬，十分感恩地和他们
36、握手，然后离开了。A.gently温柔地；B.gratefully感激地；C.kindly善良地；D.firmly坚定地。作者收到Mr.Kader的新自行车，而这正是他急需的，因此十分感激。故选B。答案：B19A.newspaperBconversationCbicycleDjob解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这辆自行车给我带来了便利，还教会我一个影响我终身的道理，帮助应该建立在对方的需求上。A.newspaper报纸；B.conversation对话；C.bicycle自行车；D.job工作。根据“brought convenience to my life”可知，Mr.Kader送的新自行车给作者带来了便利。故选C。答案：C20A.feedBhelpCtreatDchoose解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：永远不要喂饱一个口渴之人。A.feed喂饱；B.help帮助；C.treat对待；治疗；D.choose选择。根据上文，帮助别人必须建立在了解别人需求的基础上，因此对于一个“口渴”之人，我们不能给予他食物，去喂饱他的肚子，而应该给予对方水，结合常识可知选A。答案：A