1、第三节 依靠逻辑明关系 完形填空题所选短文前后连贯，结构严密，脉络自然有序。因此可以借助并列连词和从属连词等标志，理清逻辑关系，快速解题。方法点津 利用逻辑关系解题是通过分析设空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连词或起连接作用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。典例剖析(2020高考全国卷节选)Theyll have out half the 45.goods in the shop,and want the only style you dont have left in a 46.particular colour.I do know how
2、upset the shop staff can get,but I try to persuade them to keep 47 .47A.fighting BsmilingCwaitingDchanging答题思路本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。句意：我知道店员会有多沮丧，但我努力说服他们保持微笑。A.fighting打架；B.smiling微笑；C.waiting等待；D.changing 改变。结合上文可知，一些顾客有一些很无厘头的要求和行为，面对这种情况，店员会很沮丧，but一词是转折，与“沮丧”一词感情色彩相反，结合选项，B项“微笑”符合语境。故选B。(2020高考全国卷节选)Alwa
3、ys water it down and dont let your ego(自我)get 58.in the way.If you do,you wont be able to 59.handle it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that 60 everyones day.60A.ruinsBmakesCstartsDsaves答题思路本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。前面连词and表示并列关系，说明选项与前面在意义或感情色彩上是一致的。句意：如果你这样做了，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场面，毁了
4、每个人的一天。A.ruins毁灭；B.makes制作；C.starts开始；D.saves 拯救。结合上文“the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene”可知，一旦事情发展成不愉快的场面，那么最终只会毁了每个人的一天。故选A。(2019高考全国卷节选)During the long trip home,following a weekend of hunting,Ehlers 41.thought about the small dog he had seen 42.trembling alongside the road.He had 4
5、3.tried to coax(哄)the dog to him but,frightened,it had 44 .44A.calmed downBstood upCrolled overDrun off答题思路本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。but表示转折，虽然Ehlers想把狗哄到身边来帮助它，但是由于害怕，它跑掉了(run off)。calm down“平静下来，镇定下来”；stand up“站立”；roll over“翻转”，故选D。A(2020重庆江津中学、实验中学等七校高三6月联考)Mostbrides are angry when they are outshone(使逊色)at t
6、heir ownwedding.For Brenna Klemen,however,she would not have it anyother way.When Brenna married Brock Kendall back in April,she knewshe1her 83yearold grandmother to play a2role in thewedding.While at work as an ICU nurse,Brenna talked to a patientwho3her to give her grandmother a very unusual role
7、at herwedding.“I was4a very sick elderly woman who told me a5ofhow she was a flower girl for her grandchild，”Brenna explained.Brenna certainly6the idea for her own wedding day,and hergrandmother,who prefers to be unnamed,was all for it as well!“Grandma was very7，”Brenna said.“She was almost intears
8、because she wanted to make sure she did OK on my special day.”On the actual wedding day,Grandma did more than just OK,asshe8stole the show!All9was on her as she walked down theaisle(过道),and the10moment was captured(拍摄)by wedding11 Thomas Felts in images that have since 12 rapidly.“Every time she thr
9、ew more petals(花瓣)in the air,our familycheered loudly and happily，”Brenna said,adding that all of herwedding guests13.This was a wedding that14nobody inattendance will ever 15！While everyone loved the moment,nobody was16thanBrennas grandfather,who told the photographer,“Thats my flowergirl.”The phot
10、os have 17 the hearts of people all over the globe.“I have18that life is too short for us to think about thenegatives.As my grandmother would say 19is a choice，”Brenna said.She is my inspiration,and I hope that she can inspire youtoo.Were so glad to see that Brenna got the wedding of her dreams,with
11、 a little 20 from her grandma!语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位奶奶为孙女当花童，在孙女的婚礼上大出风头，为孙女和参加婚礼的亲朋好友们留下了快乐的回忆。1A.employed BwantedCforcedDdirected解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：在4月份，当Brenna与BrockKendall结婚时，她知道自己想要83岁的奶奶在婚礼上扮演重要角色。A.employed雇用；B.wanted想要；C.forced迫使；D.directed指导。根据下文中对Brenna让奶奶当自己的花童及奶奶在她的婚礼上大出风头的描述可知，Brenna“想(wante
12、d)”让她83岁的奶奶在自己的婚礼上扮演一个重要的角色。故选B。答案：B2A.balancedBprotectiveCsimilarDmajor解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.balanced平衡的；B.protective防护的；C.similar相似的；D.major重要的，主要的。结合下文奶奶在婚礼上抢了两位新人的风头，可知奶奶在婚礼上扮演重要角色。故选D。答案：D3A.promisedBencouragedCinvitedDallowed解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名ICU护士，Brenna曾与一位病人交谈，这位病人鼓励她在自己的婚礼上给奶奶一个不同寻常的角色。A
13、.promised承诺；B.encouraged鼓励；C.invited邀请；D.allowed允许。结合下文“her to give her grandmother a veryunusual role at her wedding”可知，这位病人鼓励Brenna在自己的婚礼上给奶奶一个不同寻常的角色。故选B。答案：B4A.competing withBbelieving inClooking afterDoperating on解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：“我当时在照顾一位病重的老妇人，她给我讲了一个她如何为孙子当花童的故事”，Brenna解释说。A.competing with与竞争；
14、B.believing in相信；C.looking after照顾；D.operating on对起作用。结合下文a very sick elderlywoman可知，Brenna在照顾这位病重的老妇人。故选C。答案：C5A.storyBtheoryCtestDsurvey解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.story故事；B.theory理论；C.test测试；D.survey调查。结合下文“of how shewas a flower girl for her grandchild”可知，这位病重的老妇人给Brenna讲了自己为孙子当花童的故事(story)。故选A。答案：A6A
15、.understoodBlovedCabandonedDexplored解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：Brenna当然很喜欢这个婚礼的想法，她的不愿透露姓名的奶奶也非常赞成！A.understood理解；B.loved喜欢，爱；C.abandoned抛弃；D.explored开发。根据下文中对Brenna的奶奶在她的婚礼上当花童的描述可知，Brenna确实很“喜欢(loved)”这个主意。故选B。答案：B7A.disappointedBconfusedChonestDemotional解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“奶奶非常感性，”Brenna说。A.disappointed失望的；B.co
16、nfused困惑的；C.honest诚实的；D.emotional感性的。根据空后的“She was almost in tears becauseshe wanted to make sure she did OK on my special day.”可知Brenna的奶奶是个很感性的(emotional)人。故选D。答案：D8A.completelyBsecretlyCcarefullyDformally解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：在真正的婚礼当天，奶奶不仅表现得很好，而且她完全抢了风头！A.completely完全地；B.secretly秘密地；C.carefully小心地；D.fo
17、rmally正式地。根据本段中的“On the actual wedding day,Grandma did more than just OK”及stole the show可知，在婚礼当天，Brenna的奶奶不仅做得很好，而且“完全(completely)”抢了新人的风头。故选A。答案：A9A.pressureBinfluenceCluckDattention解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她走过过道时，所有的注意力都集中在她身上，婚礼摄影师Thomas Felts抓拍到了这一温馨的时刻，这些照片迅速传播开来。A.pressure压力；B.influence影响；C.luck运气；D.at
18、tention注意力。根据上文中stole the show可知，在婚礼当天，Brenna的奶奶完全抢了新人的风头。当她走过过道时，所有人的“注意力(attention)”都在她的身上。故选D。答案：D10A.decisiveBmagicalCsweetDfinal解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.decisive决定性的；B.magical神奇的；C.sweet甜的，温馨的；D.final最后的。根据下文中对参加婚礼的人们都很开心的描述可知，这一“温馨的(sweet)”时刻被婚礼摄影师拍摄了下来。故选C。答案：C11A.plannerBguestCphotographerDsin
19、ger解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意见第9题解析。A.planner计划者；B.guest客人；C.photographer摄影师；D.singer歌手。根据本段中的“was captured by wedding”及第八段中的“Brennas grandfather,whotoldthephotographer”可 知，这 一 幕 被 婚 礼 摄 影 师(photographer)Thomas Felts拍了下来。故选C。答案：C12A.spreadBshapedCchangedDappeared解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意见第9题解析。A.spread传播；B.shaped塑造；C.chan
20、ged改变；D.appeared出现。根据第九段中的“The photos.the hearts of people all over the globe.”可知，这张照片很快就被“传播(spread)”开来。故选A。答案：A13A.sighedBlaughedCwaitedDinterrupted解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：Brenna说：“每次她向空中抛下更多的花瓣，我们全家就会大声开心地欢呼起来。”她还说，所有参加婚礼的客人都笑了。A.sighed叹息；B.laughed笑；C.waited等待；D.interrupted打断。根据本段中的“Every time shethrew mo
21、re petals in the air,our family cheered loudly and happily”及第八段中的“everyone loved the moment”可知，每当Brenna的奶奶扔出更多的花瓣时，家里人都会开心地高声欢呼，而且参加婚礼的客人们也都开心地“笑着(laughed)”。故选B。答案：B14A.commonlyBfortunatelyCimmediatelyDabsolutely解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：这是一个绝对没有人会忘记的婚礼！A.commonly通常地；B.fortunately幸运地；C.immediately立即；D.absolute
22、ly绝对地。根据上文中对婚礼当天快乐气氛的描述可知，这绝对(absolutely)是一场令人难忘的婚礼。故选D。答案：D15A.acceptBrealizeCforgetDstop解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.accept接受；B.realize意识到；C.forget忘记；D.stop停止。婚礼很特别，大家也都很快乐，因此绝对没有人会忘记(forget)的。故选C。答案：C16A.prouderBkinderCpoliterDcalmer解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然每个人都喜欢这一刻，但没有 人 比 Brenna 的 祖 父 更 骄 傲，他 告 诉 摄 影 师：“那 是
23、 我 的 花童。”A.prouder更骄傲的；B.kinder更友好的；C.politer更有礼貌的；D.calmer更平静的。根据连词while的让步关系和本段中的“Brennasgrandfather,who told the photographer,Thats my flower girl.”可知，Brenna的爷爷比任何人都要“骄傲(prouder)”。故选A。答案：A17A.unitedBtouchedCbrokenDweakened解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些照片感动了全世界人民的心。A.united团结；B.touched感动；C.broken打破；D.weakened削
24、弱。根据第八段中的“everyone loved the moment”及本段中的thehearts of people all over the globe可知，这张照片“感动了(touched)”全世界人们的心。故选B。答案：B18A.supposedBwarnedCprovenDlearned解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我明白了人生苦短，我们不要去想消极的事情。A.supposed认为；B.warned警告；C.proven证明；D.learned明白，学习。根据本段中的“life is too short for us tothink about the negatives”及“As
25、 my grandmother would say.”可知，作者“明白了(learned)”人生苦短，不要总是沉溺在悲伤中的道理。故选D。答案：D19A.ForgivenessBSuccessCHappinessDPopularity解 析：考 查 名 词 词 义 辨 析。句 意：幸 福 是 一 个 选 择。A.Forgiveness 原 谅；B.Success 成 功；C.Happiness 幸 福；D.Popularity流行。承接上文“life is too short for us to think aboutthe negatives”可知，人生苦短，不要总是沉溺在悲伤中，“快乐(H
26、appiness)”是一种选择。故选C。答案：C20A.guidanceBhelpCbenefitDrespect解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们很高兴看到Brenna在她奶奶的帮助下完成了她梦想中的婚礼！A.guidance指导；B.help帮助；C.benefit好处；D.respect尊重。根据上文中对Brenna的奶奶为她当花童，给Brenna留下美好回忆的描述可知，Brenna在奶奶的“帮助(help)”下拥有了一场梦想中的婚礼。故选B。答案：BB(2020宁夏中卫市高三下三模)If you have strong arms andfeet,patience and a good
27、temper,you might 1 a good waiter.Youmust start,2，not in the restaurant,but in the kitchen,helping thechef,to learn how each dish is 3.From this first step,you may enter the restaurant 4 a“commis”(厨助)But you wont be 5 to serve the customers yet.They will only let you do the bottomed jobs，6 the tables
28、 and carrying the plates.But all the time you must watch and learn with 7 .Later you may become“chef de rang”(a waiter in charge of a number of tables)You may even become a head waiter 8 if you have the right sort of personality and you are not 9 of hard work.When Carlo Bianchi first arrived in Lond
29、on,he spoke only two words of English“please”and“Hello”He 10 to get a job helping in the kitchen of a restaurant,and he spent what little 11 time he had learning English.He was a good worker and soon they 12 him a job in the restaurant as a waiter.Every night,Carlo 13 to go home exhausted,but never
30、too 14 to study the language for half an hour before going to sleep.And no matter how tired or ill he felt,he always wore a 15 for his customers.They liked him,and people came and asked to be 16 by Carlo.Now,twentyfive years later,Carlo is in 17 of six restaurants,and he18to open a seventh shortly.S
31、o friends,in this world，success never comes overnight.Start from the 19 and make progressstep by step with enough patience and 20 chances will fall upon you.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Carlo从厨助做起，到拥有六家餐馆的故事，告诉人们“从最低层做起，脚踏实地，总有一天你会成功”。1A.make BcreateCreplaceDchoose解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你有强壮的胳膊和脚，有耐心和好脾气，你可能会成为一个好服
32、务员。A.make制造；B.create 创造；C.replace 取代，代替；D.choose 选择。此处指“成为”一个好服务员。故选A。答案：A2A.otherwiseBthereforeCthusDhowever解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：你必须从厨房开始，但不是在餐厅，而是在厨房，帮助厨师，学习每道菜是如何准备的。A.otherwise否则；B.therefore 所以；C.thus因此；D.however然而。根据上一句中a good waiter和该空后的“not in the restaurant,but inthe kitchen”可知，前后是转折关系。故选D。答案：D3A.
33、commentedBtastedCpreparedDchosen解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.commented 发表评论；B.tasted品尝；C.prepared 准备；D.chosen选择。根据空前的“not in the restaurant,but in the kitchen,helping the chef,to learnhow each dish is”可知，此处指学如何“准备”每道菜。故选C。答案：C4A.asBforCwithDto解析：考查介词词义辨析。句意：从这样的第一步，你可以进入餐厅作为一个厨助。A.as作为；B.for为了；C.with带有；D.t
34、o向。此处指“作为”一个厨助开始。故选A。答案：A5A.forcedBallowedCbannedDurged解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是你还不能为顾客服务。A.forced强迫；B.allowed允许；C.banned禁止；D.urged催促。根据下文的“They will only let you do the bottomed jobs”可知，此处指不“允许”为顾客服务。故选B。答案：B6A.movingBlayingCpushingDpulling解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们只会让你做底层工作，摆桌子和搬盘子。A.moving移动；B.laying放置；C.pushing推
35、动；D.pulling拉。根据空前的“They will only let you do the bottomedjobs”可知，让你“摆放”桌子。故选B。答案：B7A.curiosityBkindnessCpatienceDinterest解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：但你必须一直耐心地观察和学习。A.curiosity好奇，好奇心；B.kindness善良；C.patience耐心；D.interest兴趣。根据空前的“all the time you must watch and learn”可知，要有“耐心”。故选C。答案：C8A.simplyBspeciallyCexactlyDev
36、entually解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果你有合适的性格，并且不害怕努力工作，你甚至可能最终成为一个领班。A.simply简单地；B.specially特别地；C.exactly精确地；D.eventually最后。根据空前的“You may even become a head waiter”可知，“最后”成为领班。故选D。答案：D9A.afraidBashamedCfondDtypical解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.afraid害怕的；B.ashamed害羞的；C.fond喜欢的；D.typical典型的。故选A。答案：A10A.managedBattempted
37、CpredictedDexpected解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他设法在一家餐馆的厨房里找了一份帮工，把仅有的一点业余时间都用来学英语了。A.managed设法做到，管理；B.attempted企图；C.predicted预测；D.expected期盼。根据空后的“to get a job helping in the kitchen of a restaurant”可知，此处指“设法做到”，即manage to do sth.。故选A。答案：A11A.tightBusefulCspareDbusy解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.tight紧的；B.useful有用的；C.s
38、pare额外的，备用的；D.busy忙碌的。故选C。答案：C12A.threwBfoundCsentDdonated解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他是个好工人，不久他们就为他在餐馆找到了一份服务员的工作。A.threw丢弃；B.found发现，找到；C.sent寄出；D.donated捐献。故选B。答案：B13A.usedBpromisedCregrettedDremembered解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天晚上，Carlo都精疲力尽，但在睡觉前半小时学习这门语言永远不会觉得累。A.used使用；B.promised许诺；C.regretted后悔；D.remembered记得。固定搭配
39、used to do sth.表示“过去经常做某事”。故选A。答案：A14A.depressedBexcitedCworriedDtired解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.depressed沮丧的；B.excited兴奋的；C.worried担忧的；D.tired劳累的。此处指在睡前不会因为“劳累”而不学习这门语言。故选D。答案：D15A.smileBfaceCcolorDsurprise解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：不管他感觉有多累或病了，他总是对顾客面带微笑。A.smile微笑；B.face脸；C.color颜色；D.surprise惊讶。根据前面表示让步关系的连词no ma
40、tter how和下文的“They liked him”可知，他对顾客面带“微笑”。故选A。答案：A16A.servedBapprovedCpraisedDtreated解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们喜欢他，人们来了，要求Carlo为他们服务。A.served服务；B.approved批准；C.praised赞扬；D.treated对待，治疗。根据空前的“They liked him,and peoplecame and asked to be”可知，顾客要求他“服务”。故选A。答案：A17A.favorBneedCpossessionDsupport解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：25年后
41、的今天，Carlo拥有了6家餐馆，他计划不久再开第7家。A.favor赞同；B.need需要；C.possession拥有，财产；D.support支持。空后的six restaurants与possession相呼应，由此可知，此处指25年后他拥有的“财产”。故选C。答案：C18A.hesitatesBschedulesChurriesDfails解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.hesitates犹豫不决；B.schedules安排，预订；C.hurries匆忙；D.fails失败。根据空后的open a seventh shortly可知，他“预计”要开第7家餐馆。故选B。答案
42、：B19A.easiestBslowestCsimplestDlowest解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从最低水平开始，一步一步地取得进步，有足够的耐心，及时的机会就会落在你身上。A.easiest 最 容 易 的；B.slowest 最 慢 的；C.simplest 最 简 单 的；D.lowest最低的。根据上句“in this world，success never comesovernight”和空后的“make progress step by step”可知，成功都是从“最低”做起。故选D。答案：D20A.in allBin timeCin a wordDabove all解析：考查短语辨析。句意见上题解析。A.in all总共；B.in time及时；C.in a word总而言之；D.above all首先，尤其是。根据空后的“chances will fall upon you”可知，“总有一天”成功会到来。故选B。答案：B