1、课时作业29 高考综合训练（十二）第一部分 阅读理解第二部分 完形填空第三部分 阅读理解七选五课时作业29 高考综合训练（十二）第四部分 语法填空第一部分 阅读理解阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A 2018全国卷 Weve all been there:in a lift,in line at the bank or on an airplane,surrounded by people who are,like us,deeply focused on their smartphones or,worse,struggling with the uncomf
2、ortable silence.Whats the problem?Its possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence.Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging,or we think its annoying and unnecessary.But the next time you find yourself among strangers,consider that
3、small talk is worth the trouble.Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy,but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conversation.Small talk is the grease（润滑剂）for social communica
4、tion,says Bernardo Carducci,director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast.“Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,”he explains.“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others,not just communicate with them
5、.”In a 2014 study,Elizabeth Dunn,associate professor of psychology at UBC,invited people on their way into a coffee shop.One group was asked to seek out an interaction（互动）with its waiter;the other,to speak only when necessary.The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported signi
6、ficantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience.“Its not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,”says Dunn.“But interactions with peripheral（边缘的）members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”Dunn believes that people who reach out to s
7、trangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging,a bond with others.Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk.“Small talk is the basis of good manners,”he says.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章分析了在当今社会,人们在公共场所或沉迷于智能手机,或与令人不安的沉寂作斗争,人们似乎都不愿意打破沉默与他人交流。作者在文中指出,我们应该从闲聊开始,学会与人交流
8、,闲聊对于人际交往起着重要的作用。1.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?()A.Addiction to smartphones.B.Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C.Absence of communication between strangers.D.Impatience with slow service.C解析 细节理解题。第一段指出,在电梯里、在银行排队或者在坐飞机的时候,我们和身边其他人一样认真地关注着智能手机,或者更糟的是,与令人不安的沉寂作斗争。因此第一
9、段描述了“陌生人之间缺少交流”这一现象,故选C项。2.What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?()A.Showing good manners.B.Relating to other people.C.Focusing on a topic.D.Making business deals.B解析细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others,not just communica
10、te with them.”可知,Carducci认为成功的闲聊的关键在于学会与其他人沟通。3.What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?()A.It improves family relationships.B.It raises peoples confidence.C.It matters as much as a formal talk.D.It makes people feel good.D解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第三句“The results showed that those who chatted
11、 with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience.”可知,闲聊使得人们感觉良好。故选D项。4.What is the best title for the text?()A.Conversation Counts B.Ways of Making Small TalkC.Benefits of Small Talk D.Uncomfortable SilenceC解析标题归纳题。通读全文可知,文章主要讨论了闲聊在人际交往中的重要作用。故C项
12、为本文最佳标题。B 2018浙江卷 Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.His strange habit makes sense when you consider that hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter,including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.What is even more interesting is that one of St
13、eins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts（收银台）.The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in
14、California,including Los Angeles.Eyeing these headwinds,plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.Among the bag makers arguments：many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags,which
15、are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and traort.And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at,they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement：reusable shopping bags.The stronger
16、 a reusable bag is,the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out.However,longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.Environmentalists dont dispute（质疑）these
17、 points.They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况,塑料袋造成了环境问题,尽管纸袋容易回收,但生产和运输需要更多的能源;环保专家认为塑料袋和纸袋都不要用,希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。5.What has Steven Stein been hired to do?()A.Help increase grocery sales.B.Recycle the
18、waste material.C.Stop things falling off trucks.D.Argue for the use of plastic bags.D解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume”可知,塑料购物袋制造商雇用像Steven Stein这样的科学家来说明他们的产品并不像大多数人认为的那样对地球有那么大的坏处,故选D项。6.What
19、 does the word“headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?()A.Bans on plastic bags.B.Effects of city development.C.Headaches caused by garbage.D.Plastic bags hung in trees.A解析词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句“看到这种逆风,塑料购物袋制造商雇用像Steven Stein这样的科学家来说明他们的产品不像大多数人认为的那样对地球有那么大的坏处”,再联系上一句“The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in
20、”可知,A项“禁止使用塑料袋”为正确选项。7.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?()A.They are quite expensive.B.Replacing them can be difficult.C.They are less strong than plastic bags.D.Producing them requires more energy.D解析细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“However,longerlasting reusable bags often r
21、equire more energy to make.”可知,生产这种耐用且能重复使用的购物袋需要更多的能源,故选D项。8.What is the best title for the text?()A.Plastic,Paper or Neither B.Industry,Pollution and EnvironmentC.Recycle or Throw Away D.Garbage Collection and Waste ControlA解析标题归纳题。本文主要叙述了三方面的内容：塑料购物袋产生“白色垃圾”;塑料购物袋制造商想出了对策用可重复使用的购物袋;环保专家希望塑料袋和纸袋都不
22、用。故A项“塑料袋、纸袋或者两者都不用”可作为文章的最佳标题。第二部分 完形填空 2020天津卷阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Detective Ashley Jones works at a police department in England.He has recently made a significant 1 loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes,but it can be 2 in a cl
23、ever way.The 3?Chat benches.Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who had been cheated of her 4 .The lady would get a call from a stranger every morning who 5 made her believe that he was her friend,and then she lent him about 31,000.Jones was 6 when she said that she didnt act
24、ually 7 being cheated.“Otherwise,I would never speak to another person for weeks on end,”she said.This led Jones to the conclusion that there are too many extremely 8 people in his community,who are easy targets of cheating.So he 9 to do something about it.He 10 the police department to allow him to
25、 11 a couple of“chat benches”in two of their local parks.Then he hung a colorful sign on each of the benches that 12 ：“HAPPY TO CHAT”.Just a few days after the signs went up,he found people sitting there and engaging in active and 13 conversations.The idea is catching on 14 .There are now over 40 ch
26、at benches throughout England.More new chat benches have sprung up across the UK and beyond.All who participated have gained a（n）15 outcome from getting involved.Jones idea has been fully 16 the“HAPPY TO CHAT”benches help 17 the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.This effor
27、t is not just a（n）18 at being community mindedits also a 19 measure.It prevents people who are cut off from society falling victim to cheaters.The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project that 20 those of all ages to interact and get to know each other in the future.语篇解读:这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了艾什莉琼斯警探在英国的一个
28、警察局工作。他最近有了一项重大发现孤独是一个严重的社会问题,它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪,但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。琼斯警探通过设置“聊天长椅”,帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。“聊天长椅”是一个很棒的新项目,它不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试,也是一种减少犯罪的措施。1.A.choice B.discovery C.visit D.promiseB解析考查名词。句意:他最近有了一项重大发现孤独是一个严重的社会问题,它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪,但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。A.choice选择;B.discovery发现;C.visit参观;D.promise许诺。故选B项。2.A.experi
29、enced B.suffered C.prevented D.feltC解析 考查动词。句意:他最近有了一项重大发现孤独是一个严重的社会问题,它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪,但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。A.experienced经历;B.suffered遭受;C.prevented阻止;D.felt 感觉。根据下文“Chat benches.”可知对于这一社会问题,有阻止的方法。故选C项。3.A.solution B.puzzle C.excuse D.intentionA解析考查名词。句意:解决方案？长椅上聊天。A.solution解决方案;B.puzzle谜;C.excuse借口;D.inte
30、ntion目的。根据下文的回答“Chat benches.”可知这里是询问“解决方案是什么”。故选A项。4.A.pleasure B.prize C.credit D.moneyD解析考查名词。句意:琼斯是在与一位被骗了钱的老妇人交谈后产生这个想法的。A.pleasure快乐;B.prize奖品;C.credit信用;D.money钱。根据下文“and then she lent him about 31,000”可知这位老妇人被骗了钱。故选D项。5.()A.eventually B.frequently C.previously D.occasionallyA解析考查副词。句意:这位女士每天
31、早上都会接到一个陌生人的电话,他最终让她相信他是她的朋友,然后她就借给了他大约31万英镑。A.eventually 最后;B.frequently频繁地;C.previously先前;D.occasionally偶尔。下文说这位老妇人借给了这个陌生人大约31万英镑,由此可知,他最终让她相信他是她的朋友。故选A项。6.A.ashamed B.shocked C.excited D.amusedB解析考查形容词。句意:当这位老妇人说她实际上并不介意被骗时,琼斯很震惊。A.ashamed 羞愧的;B.shocked震惊的;C.excited兴奋的;D.amused愉悦的。按照正常的逻辑,一个人被骗了
32、很多钱,她一定会很生气。然而,这位老妇人却说她不介意。所以琼斯很震惊。故选B项。7.A.mind B.forgive C.risk D.enjoyA解析考查动词。句意:当这位老妇人说她实际上并不介意被骗时,琼斯很震惊。A.mind介意;B.forgive原谅;C.risk冒险;D.enjoy享受。根据下文老妇人说的话“Otherwise,I would never speak to another person for weeks on end,she said.”可知她并不介意被骗。故选A项。8.A.active B.lonely C.cautious D.stubbornB解析考查形容词。
33、句意:这使琼斯得出结论,在他的社区中有太多极度孤独的人,他们很容易成为欺骗的目标。A.active积极的;B.lonely孤独的;C.cautious小心的;D.stubborn顽固的。上文老妇人说:“否则,我几个星期都不会跟别人说话”,结合下文,琼斯创建了“聊天长椅”可知在他的社区中,有太多极度孤独的人。故选B项。9.A.learned B.refused C.pretended D.decidedD解析考查动词。句意:所以他决定做点什么。A.learned学习;B.refused拒绝;C.pretended假装;D.decided决定。下文“Hethe police department
34、to allow him toa couple of chat benches in two of their local parks.”描述了琼斯采取的实际行动,由此可知,琼斯决定做点什么。故选D项。10.A.forced B.ordered C.convinced D.taughtC解析考查动词。句意:他说服了警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立几个“聊天长椅”。A.forced强迫;B.ordered命令;C.convinced说服;D.taught教。下文说他在当地的两个公园里设立了几个“聊天长椅”,由此可知,他是说服了警察局。故选C项。11.A.put away B.make out
35、C.tear apart D.set upD解析考查动词短语。句意:他说服了警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立了几个“聊天长椅”。A.put away放好;B.make out辨认出;C.tear apart把弄乱;D.set up设立。根据“a couple of chat benches in two of their local parks.”可知是在当地的两个公园里设立几个“聊天长椅”。故选D项。12.A.read B.claimed C.meant D.impliedA解析考查动词。句意:然后,他在每张长椅上挂了一块彩色的牌子,上面写着:“聊天愉快。”A.read写着;B.claim
36、ed宣称;C.meant意味;D.implied 暗示。根据“HAPPY TO CHAT.”可知这是牌子上写的内容。表示“牌子上写着”应用动词read,故选A项。13.A.formal B.joyful C.awkward D.crazyB解析考查形容词。句意:就在张贴告示几天后,他发现人们坐在那里,进行着积极愉快的交谈。A.formal正式的;B.joyful愉快的;C.awkward尴尬的;D.crazy疯狂的。下文说琼斯的想法已经完全实现了,结合琼斯创建“聊天长椅”的初衷以及牌子上所写的内容“快乐聊天”,可知人们坐在那里,进行着积极愉快的交谈。故选B项。14.A.randomly B.s
37、lowly C.quickly D.purposefullyC解析考查副词。句意:这个想法很快就流行起来了。A.randomly随便地;B.slowly缓慢地;C.quickly很快地;D.purposefully有目的地。根据“There are now over 40 chat benches throughout England.”可知,这个想法很快就流行起来了。故选C项。15.A.positive B.disappointing C.correct D.embarrassingA解析考查形容词。句意:所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。A.positive积极的;B.disappo
38、inting令人失望的;C.correct正确的;D.embarrassing使人尴尬的。根据“Jones idea has been fullythe HAPPY TO CHAT benches helpthe invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.”可知,琼斯的想法已经完全实现了,“聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。因此,推断出所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。故选A项。16.A.realized B.examined C.discussed D.formedA解析考查动词。句意:琼
39、斯的想法已经完全实现了。A.realized实现;B.examined检查;C.discussed讨论;D.formed形成。下文说“聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。由此可知,琼斯的想法已经完全实现了。故选A项。17.A.break down B.put up C.keep off D.take outA解析考查动词短语。句意:“聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。A.break down打破;B.put up提供;C.keep off不接近;D.take out取出。上文说所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。由此可知,“聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招
40、呼的无形的社会障碍。故选A项。18.A.glance B.attempt C.knock D.attackB解析考查名词。句意:这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试,也是一种减少犯罪的措施。A.glance一瞥;B.attempt尝试;C.knock敲打;D.attack攻击。琼斯设置的“聊天长椅”是一个新颖且有趣的尝试。故选B项。19.A.heart-breaking B.risk-taking C.face-saving D.crime-cuttingD解析考查形容词。句意:这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试,也是一种减少犯罪的措施。A.heart-breaking令人心碎的;B.risk-taking
41、冒险的;C.face-saving顾全面子的;D.crime-cutting减少犯罪的。根据上文“loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes”以及那位被骗了钱的老妇人的悲惨经历可知,这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试,也是一种减少犯罪的措施。故选D项。20.A.forbids B.appoints C.encourages D.troublesC解析考查动词。句意:“聊天长椅”是一个很棒的新项目,鼓励所有年龄段的人在未来相互交流和了解。A.forbids禁止;B.ap
42、points任命;C.encourages鼓励;D.troubles麻烦。根据“The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project”以及上文“聊天长椅”所产生的积极效果,可知“聊天长椅”,鼓励所有年龄段的人在未来相互交流和了解。故选C项。第三部分 阅读理解七选五 2019浙江6月阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Rock music consists of many different styles.Even though there is a common spirit among all music grou
43、ps,they make very different music.1 At that time the Beatles entered the world of music from Liverpool.After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC,the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours.By mid-1963,the Beatles had been extremely popular in England.2 They hel
44、d large concerts and performed at clubs.They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England.They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends（传说）.John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year.3 They were not sure how the Amer
45、icans would react to the new type of music.Beatlemania hit New York on February 7,1964.Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them.4 The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time.The Beatles were described as a British
46、invasion（入侵）by local and nationwide newspapers at that time.Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll.Thanks to the Beatles,a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market.5 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了甲壳虫乐队的发展与兴盛,以及他们对英美摇滚乐的影响。A
47、.They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.B.Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.C.Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.D.However,their songs changed the lives of generations to come.E.Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.F
48、.They appeared in the films A Hard Days Night（1964）and Help！（1965）.G.They performed their first concert in America at CBS televisions 53rd street studio.1.C解析 段中衔接句。根据下文“At that time”可知,此处讲述摇滚乐在二十世纪五六十年代的发展,故选C项。2.B解析段中衔接句。根据空前一句“By mid-1963popular in England.”可知,甲壳虫乐队在英国很受欢迎。B项“Even their hairstyle
49、s became major trends”,甚至他们的发型都成为当时的流行趋势,与上文构成递进关系,故选B项。3.A解析段落总起句。根据空后内容可知,他们在美国也大受欢迎,由此可知A项“1964年他们决定去美国巡演”能很好地引出下文,故选A项。4.G解析细节拓展句。根据空后的“The concert was broadcast livethat time.”可知,他们的音乐会非常成功,且G项中的concert与之相呼应,故选G项。5.E解析段落结尾句。根据空前一句“Thanks to the Beatles,a lot of opportunities were opened up to n
50、ew faces on the market.”可知,甲壳虫乐队的成功,激励了后来的乐队,推动了摇滚乐的发展,且此句中的new faces与E项中的follow相呼应,故选E项。第四部分 语法填空 2020全国卷阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Deorating with Plants,Fruits andFlowers for Chinese New Year Chinese New Year is a 1 （celebrate）marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.T
51、his is why decorating with plants,fruits and flowers 2 （carry）special significance.They represent the earth 3 （come）back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:Oranges:Orange trees are more 4 decoration;they are a symbol of good for
52、tune and wealth.They make great gifts and you see them many times 5 （decorate）with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.Bamboo:Chinese love their“Lucky Bamboo”plants and you will see them often in their homes and office.6 （certain）during the holiday period,this plant is a must.Bamboo plants ar
53、e associated 7 health,abundance and a happy home.They are easy 8 （care）for and make great presents.Branches of Plum Blossoms（梅花）:The 9 （beauty）long branches covered with pink-colored buds（蓓蕾）make fantastic decorations.The plum trees are 10 first to flower even as the snow is melting（融化）.They represe
54、nt the promise of spring and a renewal of life.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了用一些植物、水果和鲜花装饰中国新年的寓意。1.celebration解析考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始的节日。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。2.carries解析考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句,从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants,fruits and flowers,所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。ing解析考查非谓
55、语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent,所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。解析考查短语。句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品;more than不仅仅,不只是。故填than。5.decorated解析考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。6.Certainly解析考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间,
56、这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语,因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构,用副词形式作状语。故填Certainly。4.than8.to care解析考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾,也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be+形容词+to do”结构。故填to care。7.with解析考查短语。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with意为“与相联系”。故填with。9.beautiful解析考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾,做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches,用形容词形式。故填beautiful。10.the解析考查冠词。句意：雪还在融化时,梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指,所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。