1、Present perfect tense&Present prefect continuous tense Lead-inLook at the following sentences and try to explain why the tense is used in these sentences.1.We have studied English for about five years.2.They have lived there since 1990.3.She hasnt finished her homework yet.4.Eric has just come back.
2、5.How long have you been here?1.The form of the present perfect tense:We form the present perfect tense with have/has and the past participle of the verb.have(has)+过去分词Justin has disappeared,so Kelly is very sad.We use the present perfect tense to talk about things that happened in the recent past,b
3、ut are connected to the present.Note:2.The uses of the present perfect tense:I have not seen Justin since last Friday night.We also use the present perfect tense to talk about something that started in the past and is still happening now.Note:I havent seen your for ages.He has just gone out.It has b
4、een very cold lately.She has already finished her homework.He hasnt seen her since the meeting.Note:We use the present perfect tensewhen the exact time of an action is not clear or important.We use it with time expressions such as:already ever for just lately never recently since yetWe use already f
5、or affirmative statements,yet for negative statements.We use for+a period of time,since+a point in time.Note:We use the present perfect tense to talk about actions that were completed only a short time ago.He has just gone out.(=He went out a few minutes ago.)I have just heard the news.(=Now I know
6、the news.)Note:We can also use the present perfect tense for repeated actions,that is,we use the present perfect tense with the time expressions once/twice/three timesThey say that they have been to Americamany times.Look at the sentences and find the difference:Tom has rung up three times this morn
7、ing.Now it is still in the morning.Tom rang upthree times this morning.Now it is not still in the morning.Actions occurring in an incomplete period might be indicated by today or this morning/afternoon/evening/week/month/year/century or all day/night/week,all the time,always etc.Note:Point out what
8、tense or tenses are used in the sentences and the reasons why they are used.1.We have studied English for aboutfive years.We began to study it five years ago.2.They moved to the south in 1990 and have lived there since then.3.Eric left home last year and has just come back.4.They bought this house t
9、hree years ago and they have lived here since then.5.My brother went to see my grandpa last week.He has visited him three times this month.1 _ you _ my pen?Yes,I_it on your desk just now.(see)2 _ you _ dinner?Yes,I _ it with Mary.(have)3 _the postman_ yet this morning?_ the postman_ this morning?(co
10、me)HaveHavehadDidHaveComplete the sentences.seencomecomehadsawThe present perfect tense is normallyused for an action which lasts throughout an incomplete period,but with the past simple tense,we use time expressions which a fixed point in the past.Note:e.g.Bill has smokedsince he left school.He sti
11、ll smokes.Bill smoked for six months.It means that he stopped smoking then.Sometimes,however,The present perfect tense used for the action finishes at the time of speaking.e.g.It has been very cold lately but its just beginning to get warmer.On meeting someone,you may say:I havent seen you for ages.
12、(But I see you now.)NoteNoteThe present perfect tense used for a past action whose time is not definite and often has a result in the present.e.g.Tom has hada bad car crash.Hes probably still in hospital now.Tom had a bad car crash.He is probably out of hospital now.(2)_(3)_(4)_(5)_(6)_(7)_(8)_(9)_(
13、10)_(11)_Answers for the diary:sawhas visitedloveshasnt visitedhas seenhas never methas travelledhas foundhasnt foundHas,beenLook at the sentences:Sorry.Have you been waiting long?I have been waitingfor an hour.PastOne hour agoPresentwaitingarrive1.The form of the Present perfect continuous tense：We
14、 form the present perfect continuous tense with have/has been and the present participle of the verb.have(has)+been+doing2.The uses of the present perfect continuous tense:We sometimes use the Present perfect continuous tense to talk about actions that started in the past and are still continuing,or
15、 have just finished but are still connected to the present in some way.Answers of Dr Franks website(2)_(3)_(4)_(5)_(6)_have been talkinghave been talkinghave been studyinghave seenhave been writingPresent perfect or present perfect continuous tense?She is still reading the book.Li Jia has been readi
16、ng a book about Stonehenge.Li Jia has read a book about Stonehenge.She finished reading the book.She knows the content of the book now.Note:We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action completed in the recent past,and the present prefect continuous tense for an action that started in the
17、 past and is still happening.I have visited Egypt twice this month.I have been touringEgypt for two months.Note:The present perfect continuous tense cant be used with time expressions such as twice or how many times,because in this tense the action is continuous,not stopped and started again.We can
18、use the present perfect tense for repeated actions,and the present perfect continuous tense for non-stop actions.How many timeshave you swum in the lake?How long have you been swimming in the lake?Note:We usually use the present perfect tense to ask questions beginning with how many/much,and the pre
19、sent perfect continuous tense to ask questions beginning with how long.A state verb or an action verb?1.I have had this camera for five years.2.I have taken photos of UFOs with this camera.3.I have been taking photos of UFOs with this camera.state verbaction verbstate verbAn action means something h
20、appening or changing.A state means something staying the same.Some examples of action verbs are do,go,and play.Some examples of state verbs are like,know and exist.Note:We can use either a state verb or an action with the present perfect tense,but we usually can only use an action verb with the pres
21、ent perfect continuous tense.A state verb doesnt mean an action,so it cant be used in a continuous tense.e.g.Theyve always had a big garden.How long have you known each other?Hes been in hospital since his accident.Ive alreadybeen to Paris.Ive nevervisited Paris.Note:We use the present perfect tense
22、,not the present perfect continuous tense,with the words like always,never,yet,already and ever.How long have you been learning English?How long have you learnt English?It has been raining for a long time.It has rained for a long time.Note:An action which began in the pastand is still continuing or
23、has only just finished can,with certain verbs,be expressed by either the present perfector present perfect continuous.Verbs which can be used in this way include expect,hope,learn,lie,live,sleep,sit,study,wait,want,snow,etc.PracticeMake up dialogues with the present perfect tense and the present per
24、fect continuous tense.Answers of part A on page 11:(1)_(2)_(3)_(4)_(5)_(6)_(7)_(8)_(9)_(10)_(11)_heardbeen doingbeen researchingdonestartedachievedreadfoundstartedbeen drawingbeen making1.He has been waiting at a bus stop in a city.2.They have been travelling in a UFO.It looks like a saucer.Sample a
25、nswers on page 11 part B3.They probably have talked to animals or plants on Earth as well as creatures on other plants.4.They have visited Mars,Venus,Jupiter and some other planets.高考链接1.Im sorry,but I dont quite follow you.Did you say you want to return on September 20?Sorry,I _ myself clear.We wan
26、t to return on October 20.(2010 北京)A.hadnt made B.wouldnt makeC.dont make D.havent made2.Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _ before leaving their hometowns.(2010 福建)A.promised B.were promisedC.have promised D.have been promised3.Mother wanted to be a goo
27、d provider,a role she _ since her marriage to Father.(2010 江西)A.shoulders B.shoulderedC.is shouldering D.has been shouldering4.The book has been translated into thirty language since it _ on the market in 1973.(2010 重庆)A.had come B.has comeC.came D.comes5.Im tired out.I _ all afternoon and I dont se
28、em to have finished anything.(2010 湖南)A.shopped B.have shoppedC.had shopped D.have been shopping考点考例1.I havent heard anything from him yet.(P8)考点 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响，句中可以没有具体的时间状语。肯定句中用already，否定句和疑问句中用yet。考例1-_ you _ him around the museum yet?-Yes.We had a great time there.A.Have；shownB.Do；show
29、C.Had；shownD.Did；show点拨 此句强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，即：是否已经带他参观了博物馆。考例2We _ our new neighbors yet,so we dont know their names.A.dont meetB.wont meetC.havent metD.hadnt met点拨 此句表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响。2.He has sent me an e-mail,telling meabout his travels around the world.(P8)考点 V-ing 短语作后置定语，表示V-ing形式和被修饰的名词之间是主动关系
30、。考例1Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon.A.saidB.saysC.sayingD.to say 点拨 saying 修饰a letter，相当于which said.。考例2 Dont respond to any e-mails _ personal information,no matter how official they look.A.searchingB.askingC.requestingD.questioning点拨 search和ask后面应加介词for；re
31、quest意为“询问”；question意为“提问，盘问，审问”。故选C。3.Kelly:Sorry Im late.Have you been waiting long?Mavis:Yes.Ive been waiting for an hour.(P9)考点 现在完成进行时表示从过去某时开始的动作到现在为止一直在进行，且可能持续下去。有时含有不耐烦、责备等感情色彩。考例1I have got a headache.No wonder.You _ in front of that computer too long.A.workB.are workingC.have been working
32、 D.worked点拨 由语境可以看出work动作开始于过去，持续到现在，对现在还有影响，且含有责备的口吻，所以用现在完成进行时。考例2 Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School,where she _ English for a year.A.studiesB.studiedC.is studyingD.has been studying点拨 句意：凯茜正在阳光学校的课堂上做语法笔记，她一直在那里学英语，到现在已经一年了。Homework1.Finish Part C1 and C2 on page 88 in Workbook.2.Review Task part.