1、课时作业5 核心词汇讲练集锦训练（五）课时作业5 核心词汇讲练集锦训练（五）第一部分 单句语法填空（核心词汇专练）第二部分 阅读理解第三部分 完型填空（2018浙江11月高考改编）第一部分 单句语法填空（核心词汇专练）1.2020新高考卷,语法填空As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations（模拟）and imagine （they）living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.themselves
2、解析考查反身代词。句意：除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词。故填themselves。2.2019天津卷改编She brings me happiness and gives me a lot of （encourage）.encouragement解析考查词性转换。由设空前的a lot of可知应使用encouragement。句意：她给我带来了快乐和鼓励。3.2019江苏卷Scientists have obtained more （evident）that plasti
3、c is finding its way into the human body.evidence解析考查词性转换。设空应使用名词形式作obtained的宾语,故填evidence。句意：科学家们已经获得了更多的证据,证明塑料正在进入人体。4.2019江苏卷So scientists are trying their best to save the species from going out of （exist）.existence解析考查词性转换。由介词of可知应使用名词形式,故填existence。句意：科学家们正竭尽全力保护物种免于灭绝。5.2019北京卷Nervously （fac
4、e）challenges,I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words“Be yourself”facing解析考查非谓语动词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知,空处为非谓语动词作状语;非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语I,动词face与I之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用现在分词作状语。句意：我面对挑战非常紧张,我知道我会自言自语道“做真实的自己”。6.2019江苏卷 （favor）policies are in effect to encourage employees professional development.Favorable解析
5、考查词性转换。由设空后的policies可知设空处应使用形容词形式,位于句首首字母需大写,故填Favorable。句意：优惠政策有效地鼓励了员工的职业发展。7.2019全国卷Today 8 or 10 seems a small amount of money,but at that time these amounts were （forbid）to most citizens.forbidding解析考查词性转换。句意：当今8美元或者10美元仅是一小笔钱,然而在当时对大部分市民而言却是令人望而生畏的。故填forbidding。8.2019天津卷Most of his adult life
6、has been a losing struggle against debt and （fortune）.misfortune解析考查反义词。句意：他成年后的大部分生活被债务和厄运拖垮。根据句意可知应填misfortune。9.2018全国卷They found that more on-demand （entertain）viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.entertainment解析考查词性转换。句意：他们发现在平板电脑上观看更多的点播娱乐
7、节目,而不是看电视和台式电脑,可以将能耗降低44%。第二部分 阅读理解 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A 2019北京卷 It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad.On the outing,she was offered a candy bar.However,her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth.But Moore was sick of missing out on candies.So she desir
8、ed to get round the warning.“Why cant I make a healthy candy thats good for my teeth so that my parents cant say no to it？”With that in mind,Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company.He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would c
9、ontain.With her dads permission,she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly.She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning.Consequently,she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeten
10、ers,which can reduce oral bacteria.Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur（创业者）,who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy.By the time she was 13,her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids teeth,instead of destroying them.Moore then us
11、ed her savings to get her business off the ground.Afterwards,she and her father sec ured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner,who finally agreed to sell Moores productCanCandy.As CanCandys success grows,so does Moores credibility as a young entrepreneur.Moore is enthusiastic about t
12、he candy she created,and shes also positive about what the future might bring.She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.Meanwhile,with her parents help,Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life.Although she founded her company early on in life,she wasnt driven pri
13、marily by profit.Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles.She donates 10%of AilieCandys profits to Big Smiles.With her talent and determination,it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了少女Alice Moore因为吃甜食对牙齿不好,从而发明了一种对牙齿无害的糖果并成功地开办了自己的
14、糖果公司。1.How did Moore react to her dads warning?()A.She argued with him.B.She tried to find a way out.C.She paid no attention.D.She chose to consult dentists.B解析 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,Moore听到爸爸的提醒之后就想：“为什么我不能制造出一种对牙齿有益的糖果以便我的父母不会对它说不呢？”即她尝试找到一个方法解决这个问题。2.What is special about CanCandy?()A.It is beneficial
15、to dental health.B.It is free of sweeteners.C.It is sweeter than other candies.D.It is produced to a dentists recipe.A解析细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知,Moore成功地生产出一种只使用天然的增甜剂（only using natural sweeteners）,且能够减少口腔细菌的糖果,这与A项“它对牙齿健康有益”吻合。3.What does Moore expect from her business?()A.To earn more money.B.To help oth
16、ers find smiles.C.To make herself stand out.D.To beat other candy companies.B解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句和最后一段内容可知,Moore想用自己独特的天赋帮助别人找到微笑（to help others find their smiles）。故选B项。4.What can we learn from Alice Moores story?()A.Fame is a great thirst of the young.B.A youth is to be regarded with respect.C.Posit
17、ive thinking and action result in success.D.Success means getting personal desires satisfied.C解析推理判断题。阅读全文可知,Moore在父亲提醒她吃甜食对牙齿不好后,就积极地思考并行动,成功地制造出了一种不伤害牙齿的糖果,由此可推知C项正确。B 2019浙江6月高考 California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s,according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change
18、seems to be a major factor（因素）.The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests,the new study finds.No area was spared or unaffected,from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above
19、 Los Angeles.In the Sierra high country,the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent;in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline,said Patrick McIntyre,an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.Woodcutters targeted bi
20、g trees.Housing development pushed into the woods.Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010,McIntyre
21、and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model t
22、hat calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed,taking into account such things as rainfall,air temperature,dampness of soil,and the timing of snowmelt（融雪）.Since the 1930s,McIntyre said,the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising
23、 temperatures,which cause trees to lose more water to the air,and earlier snowmelt,which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国加利福尼亚州的森林中大树急剧减少的现象,并分析了其原因。5.What is the sec ond paragraph mainly about?()A.The seriousness of big-tree loss in Californi
24、a.B.The increasing variety of California big trees.C.The distribution of big trees in California forests.D.The influence of farming on big trees in California.A解析段落大意题。根据第二段中的“The number of treesdeclined by 50 percentmore than 55 percent75 percent”提到的数字可知,该段主要描述了加利福尼亚州森林中大树急剧减少的严重性。故选A项。6.Which of t
25、he following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?()A.Ecological studies of forests.B.Banning woodcutting.C.Limiting housing development.D.Fire control measures.D解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Aggressive wildfire control compete with big trees for resources（资源）”可知,声势浩大的野外火灾控制措施虽然一定程度上保护了森林,但同时也导致小树泛滥,与
26、大树竞争资源,从而导致大树数量减少。故选D项。7.What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?()A.Inadequate snowmelt.B.A longer dry season.C.A warmer climate.D.Dampness of the air.C解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“McIntyre said,the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures”可知,
27、McIntyre认为水资源短缺的主要原因是逐渐上升的气温。故选C项。8.What can be a suitable title for the text?()A.Californias Forests:Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?B.Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon.C.Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?D.Patrick McIntyre:Grow More Big Trees in Califor
28、nia.A解析标题归纳题。阅读全文可知,文章主要介绍了美国加利福尼亚州森林中大树数量急剧减少的现象,并分析了其原因。因此A项能很好地概括全文。第三部分 完形填空（2018浙江11月高考改编）阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。I had a student today who got his finger stuck inside a test tube in science class.It was really quite stuck.This young mans finger 1 to get whiter and whiter right
29、before my eyes.Remaining 2 ,I suggested he carefully rotate（转动）the tube.It wouldnt move a bit.He tried soap and cold water.Still stuck.Meanwhile 3 was breaking out in the class.Finally,I sent the young man to our sec retary,who was a miracle（奇迹）worker 4 three kids of her own.With her in charge,I was
30、 5 all would be OK.To get the students back in order,I 6 my own story of getting my knee stuck between the rails of a balcony.Same kind of curiosity,I remembered 7 then how far I could thrust（塞）my knee between the rails.Inch by inch,I kept 8 and before I knew it,my knee was stuck and 9 before my eye
31、s and in front of lots of 10 at a popular Las Vegas hotel!Hearing my story,many students followed with their own 11 of heads,arms,fingers stuck in places they shouldnt be.A few minutes later,the young man came back,test tube unbroken and finger 12 to a lovely shade of pink.I just couldnt 13 this kid
32、.Hes only twelve.I too got my knee unstuck,but not without great 14 .The excuse for me,however,was not in total but plain stupidity.I was 15 fifty years old when this happened.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。科学课上,一位学生不慎将手指卡在了试管里;几经周折,仍然没法拔出手指,于是“我”请秘书帮忙,成功将其手指拔出。1.()A.used B.needed C.happened D.continuedD解析 根据语境可知,那位
33、学生的手指在“我”眼前继续（continued）变得越来越白了。故选D项。2.()A.calm B.silent C.cheerful D.activeA解析根据语境可知,“我”当时保持冷静,建议那位学生转动试管。A项意为“冷静的”;B项意为“寂静的”;C项意为“高兴的”;D项意为“活跃的”。3.()A.fire B.chaos C.violence D.argumentB解析根据第三段中的“To get the students back in order”可知,当时教室里非常混乱。A项意为“火灾”;B项意为“混乱”;C项意为“暴力”;D项意为“争论”。4.()A.raising B.obs
34、erving C.saving D.teachingA解析根据语境及空前的“miracle”可推知,这位秘书养育了她自己的三个孩子。5.()A.happy B.doubtful C.surprised D.confidentD解析根据上文语境可知,因为有这位能创造奇迹的秘书的帮忙,“我”坚信一切都将会解决。A项意为“高兴的”;B项意为“怀疑的”;C项意为“惊讶的”;D项意为“自信的”。6.()A.shared B.wrote C.read D.heardA解析根据语境可知,为了让班级里的学生恢复秩序,“我”分享了自己的故事“我”的膝盖（knee）曾卡在了阳台扶手的缝隙里。7.()A.calcu
35、lating B.explaining C.wondering D.reportingC解析根据语境可知,此处表示“我”还清楚地记得,“我”当年是出于好奇,想看看“我”的膝盖究竟能伸进去多少。A项意为“计算”;B项意为“解释”;C项意为“想知道”;D项意为“报告”。8.()A.pushing B.climbing C.walking D.kickingA解析根据语境可知,“我”不断地将自己的膝盖向缝隙里面推。9.()A.shaking B.lifting C.resting D.swellingD解析根据语境可知,在“我”注意到之前,在拉斯维加斯的一个非常受欢迎的旅馆里,并且在“我”眼前以及那
36、么多陌生人（strangers）面前,“我”的膝盖被卡住了,并且开始肿胀。A项意为“颤抖”;B项意为“抬起”;C项意为“休息”;D项意为“肿胀”。10.()A.doctors B.strangers C.managers D.studentsB解析参见上题解析。11.()A.findings B.conclusions C.stories D.newsC解析根据语境及上文中的“my story”可推知,在听了“我”的故事之后,学生们也开始分享自己的故事。12.()A.pointing B.returning C.belonging D.growingB解析根据语境可知,几分钟后,那名学生回来了
37、,试管完好无损,并且手指的颜色也从之前的白色恢复到了粉红色。return“恢复”。13.()A.get along with B.get rid of C.get used to D.get mad atD解析根据下文“Hes only twelve.”可知,“我”不能对这名学生大发雷霆。A项意为“与相处”;B项意为“摆脱”;C项意为“习惯于”;D项意为“对生气”。14.()A.encouragement B.disappointment C.embarrassment D.achievementC解析根据语境可知,“我”当年也让膝盖卡在了阳台扶手的缝隙里,但是却很尴尬。A项意为“鼓励”;B项意为“失望”;C项意为“尴尬”;D项意为“成就”。15.()A.in the end B.in total C.after all D.at any rateC解析参见上题解析。A项意为“最后”;B项意为“总共”;C项意为“毕竟”;D项意为“至少”。
