1、课时作业25 高考综合训练（八）第一部分 阅读理解第二部分 阅读理解七选五第三部分 语法填空课时作业25 高考综合训练（八）第四部分 书面表达第一部分 阅读理解阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A 2018浙江11月 This month millions of American kids can forget about classroom bells and set off for grandparents homes,sleep-away camps and lifeguard stands.But summer vacation hasnt always
2、been a birthright of US.schoolchildren.Before the Civil War,schools operated on one of two calendars(日历),neither of which included a summer vacation.Rural(农村的)schooling was divided into summer and winter terms,leaving kids free to help with the farm work in the spring planting and fall harvest seaso
3、ns.Urban students,meanwhile,regularly had as many as 48 weeks of study a year,with one break per quarter.In the 1840s,however,educational reformers like Horace Mann moved to combine the two calendars out of concern that rural schooling was not enough and that overusing of young minds could lead to n
4、ervous disorders.Summer appeared as the obvious time for a break:it offered a rest for teachers,fit in the farming calendar and reduced doctors concern that packing students into hot classrooms would promote the spread of disease.But peoples opinion about the modern US.school year,which averages 180
5、 days,is still divided.Some experts say its pleasant but lazy summer break,which took hold in the early 20th century,is one of the reasons math skills and graduation rates of US.high schoolers ranked well below average in two international education reports published in 2007.Others insist that with
6、children under increasing pressure to devote their downtime to internships(实习)or study,theres still room for an institution that protects the lazy days of childhood.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国中小学教学学时的变化历程和暑假的由来。1.What did the rural school calendar before the Civil War allow children to do?()A.Enjoy a su
7、mmer vacation.B.Take a break each quarter.C.Have 48 weeks of study a year.D.Assist their parents with farm work.D解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Rural(农村的)schooling was divided into leaving kids free to help with the farm work in the spring planting and fall harvest seasons.”可知,美国内战前农村学校的学时分为夏冬两季,目的是让孩子能够在春秋两季的休假中
8、帮助家里做农活。故选D项。2.What did the educational reformers do in the 1840s?()A.They introduced summer vacation.B.They shortened rural school terms.C.They promoted the study of farming.D.They advocated higher pay for teachers.A解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In the 1840sfor a break”可推知,19世纪40年代,教育改革者结合了当时农村和城市学校的学时,开始把夏季设置为统
9、一的休假期。故选A项。3.Why are some people unhappy about the modern US.school year?()A.It pushes the teachers too hard.B.It reduces the quality of education.C.It ignores science instruction.D.It includes no time for internships.B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Some experts saymath skills and graduation rates of US.high scho
10、olers ranked well below average in two international education reports published in 2007.”可知,一些专家认为,由于有了暑假,很多美国高中生的数学能力和毕业率要远低于国际平均水平。故选B项。B 2020新高考卷 According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research,both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food i
11、ntake.And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）,its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits,the researchers conducted two experiments.In the first,95 un
12、dergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly（表面上）participate in a study about movie viewership.Before the film began,each woman was asked to help herself to a snack.An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.In her natural state,the actor weighed 105 pounds.But
13、in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food.The participants followed suit,taking more food than they normally would have.However,they took significantly more when the actor
14、was thin.For the second test,in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls.In the other case,she took 30 pieces.The results were similar to the first test:the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show tha
15、t the social environment is extremely influential when were making decisions.If this fellow participant is going to eat more,so will I.Call it the“Ill have what shes having”effect.However,well adjust the influence.If an overweight person is having a large portion,Ill hold back a bit because I see th
16、e results of his eating habits.But if a thin person eats a lot,Ill follow suit.If he can eat much and keep slim,why cant I?语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的体型和饮食习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。文章详述了这个实验的过程。4.What is the recent study mainly about?()A.Food safety.B.Movie viewership.C.Consumer demand.D.Eating behavior.D解析
17、 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research,both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.”可知,根据消费者研究杂志最近的一项研究,我们的饮食伙伴的体型和饮食习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的,D项正确。5.What does the underlined word“beanpoles”in paragraph 1 ref
18、er to?()A.Big eaters.B.Overweight persons.C.Picky eaters.D.Tall thin persons.D解析词义猜测题。根据前半句“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）”可知,现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为,你真正应该避免的是the beanpoles with big appetites。由contrary
19、to可推断出,画线词和heavier people（超重的人）相反,结合选项,D项（瘦瘦高高的人）和heavier people正好相反,D项正确。6.Why did the researchers hire the actor?()A.To see how she would affect the participants.B.To test if the participants could recognize her.C.To find out what she would do in the two tests.D.To study why she could keep her wei
20、ght down.A解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits,the researchers conducted two experiments.”可知,为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响,研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知,在两个实验中,胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做,吃的食物比平常多。然而,当演员是瘦的时候,参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断,研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选A项。7.On what basis do we“adjust the in
21、fluence”according to the last paragraph?()A.How hungry we are.B.How slim we want to be.C.How we perceive others.D.How we feel about the food.C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an overweight person is having a large portion,Ill hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits.But if a thin person eat
22、s a lot,Ill follow suit.If he can eat much and keep slim,why cant I?”可知,如果一个超重的人吃很大一份,我会忍住一点,因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多,我会跟着做。如果他吃得多并且保持苗条,为什么我不能呢？因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C项。第二部分 阅读理解七选五 2018全国卷 阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。If you are already making the time to exercise,it i
23、s good indeed!With such busy lives,it can be hard to try and find the time to work out.1 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.Your productivity is improved.Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.2 Your m
24、etabolism(新陈代谢)gets a head start.3 If you work out in the mornings,then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day,not in your sleep.4 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.Exercise energizes you,so i
25、t is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.5 If you work out bright and early in the morning,you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food?You will want to continue to fo
26、cus on positive choices.There are a lot of benefits to working out,especially in the mornings.Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out!You will feel energized all day long.A.You will stick to your diet.B.Your quality of sleep improves.C.You prefer healthy food to fast food.D.
27、There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.E.You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.F.After you exercise,you continue to burn calories throughout the day.G.If you are planning to do exercise regularly,or youre doing it now,then listen up!语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们挤出时间锻炼身体的好处
28、,而晨练的好处更大,对身体和工作都有所裨益。1.G解析本空前文说在繁忙的生活中,我们很难找到时间锻炼,后文说晨练的好处,G项承接上文,引起下文,符合语境。2.E解析本段的主旨是“晨练能提高你的效率”。E项“锻炼之后的410小时内,你都能让自己头脑清醒”进一步说明了锻炼的好处,符合此处的语境。3.F解析这一段说的是晨练有助于人体的新陈代谢,能让你一整天都感受到晨练消耗卡路里带来的好处。F项意为“晨练之后你还会在一天时间里继续消耗卡路里”。F项中的关键词“throughout the day”与文中的“the whole day”呼应。故选F项。4.B解析此空是本段的主题句,根据本段内容可知,本段
29、主要讲了晨练对睡眠的益处,所以选B“你的睡眠质量提高了”。空后一句中的“slept better”是关键信息。5.A解析由本段的关键词“stick to healthy food choices,eating junk food,positive choices”等可知,这一段说的是晨练对饮食的影响,故选A项。第三部分 语法填空 2018全国卷 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Im not sure 1 is more frightened,me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of now
30、here.Im walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic.Unexpectedly,Im face-to-face with the gorilla,who begins screaming at 2 top of her lungs.That makes her baby scream,and then a 400-pound male appears.He screams the 3 (loud)of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his
31、 chest and charges toward me.I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid 4 (look)directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel 5 (challenge).My name is Mireya Mayor.Im a 6 (science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.I was searching 7 these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.No
32、 one had seen them for hours,and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just glad to find 8 (they)alive.True to a gorillas unaggressive nature,the huge animal 9 (mean)me no real harm.He was just saying:“Im king of this forest,and here is your reminder!”O
33、nce his message was delivered,he allowed me 10 (stay)and watch.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己在中非共和国森林里偶遇一个大猩猩家庭以及由此引发的彼此的反应和交流。1.who解析 考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定谁更害怕,是我还是那只不知从何处突然蹦出来的雌性大猩猩。根据句意和句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,并在从句中作主语,表示“谁”,故填who。2.the解析考查冠词。固定短语at the top of“在的顶部”,此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。3.loude st解析考查副词。由空前的the以及空后的“of all”可知要
34、用副词的最高级。4.looking解析考查非谓语动词。此处表示“我迅速低下头避免和它直视,以便它不会感到受到挑战”。avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”。avoid后面常接动名词作宾语。5.challenged解析考查形容词。连系动词feel后要接形容词作表语。challenged“受到挑战的”;challenging“困难的,富有挑战性的”。由语境可知,应填challenged。6.scientist解析考查名词。由空后的who可知,定语从句的先行词是表示人的名词,且空前由a修饰,故填scientist“科学家”。7.for解析考查介词。search for“寻找,搜寻”,为固定搭
35、配。8.them解析考查代词。分析句子结构可知,此处作find的宾语,故要用人称代词的宾格。故填them。9.meant解析考查动词的时态。由语境可知,此处事情发生在过去,要用一般过去时态。10.to stay解析考查非谓语动词。allow sb.to do sth.“允许某人做某事”,为固定搭配。第四部分 书面表达 2018全国卷假定你是李华,你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客,发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件,内容包括：1.到达时间;2.合适的礼物;3.餐桌礼仪。注意：1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。参考范文：Dear Terry,Nice to hea
36、r from you.I learn that youre coming to visit one of your Chinese friends.Im now writing to tell you some relevant details.Generally speaking,your arrival shouldnt be later than the fixed time.A few minutes earlier is the best.Besides,youd better bring some little gifts,such as a special food or drink from your country.Speaking of table manners,keep your voice low and pleasant during the meal.The host will like it if you have learned to use chopsticks.I hope these suggestions would be helpful to you.Im sure you will have a great time.Yours,Li Hua