1、课时作业16 特殊句式训练第一部分 句型专练第二部分 阅读理解第三部分 语法填空（2020新高考卷）课时作业16 特殊句式训练第一部分 句型专练1.天津市北辰区2019届高三年级模拟考试What did she want to know,Tom?She wondered we could complete the experiment.A.when was it B.it was when that C.it was when D.when it was thatD解析考查强调句。句意：“她想知道什么,汤姆？”“她想知道我们什么时候才能完成实验。”分析句子意思以及句子结构可知,空格部分为强调特
2、殊疑问词when,且为宾语从句结构,故特殊疑问句必须置于主从句之间,并且要使用陈述语序。故D项正确。2.2018天津卷It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat.A.which B.that C.when D.whereB解析考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句,强调句型结构为：It is/was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+that/who（当强调主语且主语指人）+其他部分。本题强调时间状语on
3、ly when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B项。3.2018北京卷In any unsafe situation,simply the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.A.press B.to press C.pressing D.pressedA解析考查祈使句。句意：在任何不安全的情况下,仅仅摁一下这个按钮,一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。and是连词,连接并列结构,and后面是一个句子,那么,前面也应是句子,选项中只有动词原
4、形可以构成祈使句,其余的都是非谓语动词,无法构成句子。故A项正确。4.2018滨海七校联考I went to the classroom as usual.But there,next to my desk,I had never seen beforeA.a girl did sit B.a girl sat C.did a girl sit D.sat a girlD解析考查全部倒装。句意：我像平常一样去了教室。但是,在我桌子旁边坐着一个我以前从没见过的女孩。表示地点方位的状语位于句子开头,主语如果是名词,则句子用全部倒装。故选D项。5.It is not how much we do b
5、ut how much love we put into what we do benefits our work most.that解析考查强调句型。句意：能给我们的工作带来最大益处的不是我们做了多少,而是我们对于自己所做的事情付出了多少爱。被强调部分为句子的主语not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do,故用that。6.It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic Zheng He sailed to East Africa.th
6、at解析考查强调句型。句子虽然比较长,但是其主干为强调句型,是对“80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic”进行了强调,由此可知,空白处应该填写“that”。7.Though （surprise）to see us,the professor gave us a warm welcome.surprised解析考查状语从句。前半句是“Though he was surprised to see us”的省略形式。一般情况下,如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同,并且从句的谓语含有be动词,常省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。
7、8.Not until the motorbike looked almost new （他才停下）repairing and cleaning it.did he stop解析考查倒装句式。not until放在句首,句子应用部分倒装结构。9.For a moment nothing happened,then （come）voices all shouting together.came解析考查倒装句式。当某些副词如then,now,here,there,up等置于句首时,句子要用完全倒装形式。句意：一时间,什么都没发生,之后大家一起大笑起来。第二部分 阅读理解阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A
8、、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A 2019江苏卷 In the 1960s,while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park,Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that,oddly,had not troubled anyone before:he couldnt find the parks volcano.It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nat
9、urethats what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features.But Christiansen couldnt find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.Most of us,when we talk about volcanoes,think of the classic cone（圆锥体）shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro,which are created when erupting magma（岩浆）piles up.These can f
10、orm remarkably quickly.In 1943,a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land.In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high.Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across.Altogether th
11、ere are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth,all but a few hundred of them extinct.There is,however,a sec ond less known type of volcano that doesnt involve mountain building.These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack,leaving behind a vast hole,the caldera.Y
12、ellowstone obviously was of this sec ond type,but Christiansen couldnt find the caldera anywhere.Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone.A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption tha
13、t they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors centers.As soon as Christiansen saw the photos,he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera:almost the whole park2.2 million acreswas caldera.The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles acrossmuch too huge to be seen from anywhere
14、 at ground level.At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。20世纪60年代,Bob Christiansen在研究黄石国家公园的火山历史时,对一件以前从未困扰过任何人的事情感到困惑：他找不到公园里的火山。1.What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone?()A.Its compli
15、cated geographical features.B.Its ever-lasting influence on tourism.C.The mysterious history of the park.D.The exact location of the volcano.D解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that,oddly,had not troubled anyone before:he couldnt find the parks volcano.”可知,Bob Christian
16、sen对黄石国家公园的火山的准确位置感到困惑。2.What does the sec ond paragraph mainly talk about?()A.The shapes of volcanoes.B.The impacts of volcanoes.C.The activities of volcanoes.D.The heights of volcanoes.A解析段落大意题。根据第二段的内容尤其是“Most of us,when we talk about volcanoes,think of the classic cone（圆锥体）shapes of a Fuji or Ki
17、limanjaro”和“a sec ond less known type of volcano that doesnt involve mountain buildinga vast hole”可知,该段主要讲两类火山的形态。3.What does the underlined word“blow-up”in the last paragraph most probably mean?()A.Hot-air balloon.B.Digital camera.C.Big photograph.D.Birds view.C解析词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“NASA decided toby tak
18、ing photographs of Yellowstone”和该段第三句的“As soon as Christiansen saw the photos,he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera:almost the whole park2.2 million acreswas caldera.”可知,NASA拍摄了黄石国家公园的照片,Christiansen在照片上看到公园的全景。由此可推知,blow-up意为“放大的照片”。B2019全国卷 Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronau
19、ts.The microorganisms（微生物）from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station,so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem?Its turning to a bunch of high school kids.But not just any kids.It is depending on NASA
20、 HUNCH high school classrooms,like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport,New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.For the past two years,Gordons students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in z
21、ero gravity,and they think theyre close to a solution（解决方案）.“We dont give the students any breaks.They have to do it just like NASA engineers,”says Florence Gold,a project manager.“There are no tests,”Gordon says.“There is no graded homework.There almost are no grades,other thanAre you working towar
22、ds your goal?Basically,its Ive got to produce this product and then,at the end of the year,present it to NASA.Engineers come and really do an in-person review,andits not a very nice thing at times.Its a hard business review of your product.”Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact（影响）on college a
23、dmissions and practical life skills.“These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back.I dont teach.”And that annoying bacteria?Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem,readying a workable solution to test in space.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国一所中学与NAS
24、A合作的联合科研项目HUNCH,共同致力于解决国际空间站的细菌问题。4.What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?()A.They are hard to get rid of.B.They lead to air pollution.C.They appear in different forms.D.They damage the instruments.A解析 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“The microorganisms（微生物）from our bodies grow uncontr
25、ollably astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.”可推断,国际空间站的细菌很难被清除掉。故选A项。5.What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?()A.To strengthen teacher-student relationships.B.To sharpen students communication skills.C.To allow students to experience zero gravity.D.To link space technology with scho
26、ol education.D解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.”可知,HUNCH项目的目的是把太空技术和学校教育结合起来。6.What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?()A.Check their product.B.Guide project designs.C.Adjust work schedules.D.Grade their homework.A解析细节理解题
27、。根据第三段中的“Engineers come and really do an in-person reviewIts a hard business review of your product.”可知,NASA的工程师们会检查学生们的作品。7.What is the best title for the text?()A.NASA:The Home of Astronauts B.Space:The Final Homework FrontierC.Nature:An Outdoor Classroom D.HUNCH:A College Admission ReformB解析标题归纳题
28、。本文讲述的是美国一所中学与NASA合作的联合科研项目,让学生完成与太空技术有关的任务或者作业。B项与此内容密切相关,故选B项。第三部分 语法填空（2020新高考卷）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Many people have the hobby of collecting things,e.g.stamps,postcards or antiques.In the 18th and 19th centuries,1 （wealth）people travelled and collected plants,historical objects and wo
29、rks of art.They kept their collection at home until it got too big 2 until they died,and then it was given to a museum.The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example,3 （form）the core collection of the British Museum 4 opened in 1759.The parts of a museum open to the public 5 （call）galle
30、ries or rooms.Often,only a small part of a museums collection 6 （be）on display.Most of it is stored away or used for research.Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors.As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations（模拟）and imagine 7 （they）living at
31、a different time in history or 8 （walk）through a rainforest.At the Jorvik Centre in York,the citys Viking settlement is recreated,and people experience the sights,sounds and smells of the old town.Historical 9 （accurate）is important but so is entertainment.Museums must compete 10 peoples spare time
32、and money with other amusements.Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.语篇解读:这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博物馆藏品的来源及博物馆给人们带来的好处和面临的挑战。1.wealthy解析考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪,富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people,应使用形容词作定语。故填wealthy。2.or解析考查连词。句意:他们把自己的收藏品留在家里,直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世,然后这些收藏品被捐给一家博
33、物馆。根据语境可知,前后陈述的是两者可能性,应使用连词or。3.formed解析考查动词时态。句意:例如,汉斯斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词,根据时间状语in 1759可知,应使用一般过去时。故填formed。4.which/that解析考查定语从句。句意:例如,汉斯斯隆爵士8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限制性定语从句,先行词是the British Museum,关系词在从句中作主语,应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。5.are called解析考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众
34、开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用,应使用一般现在时;主语与call是逻辑动宾关系,应使用被动语态,且主语是复数概念。故填are called。6.is解析考查主谓一致。句意:通常,博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,主语a small part of a museums collection是单数概念,谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式,且后面的“Most of it is stored away or used for research.”中的is也是提示。故填is。解析考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不
35、同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词。故填themselves。8.walking解析考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分,共同做imagine的宾补,imagine sb.doing sth.意为“想象某人做某事”。故填walking。9.accuracy解析考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要,但娱乐也很重要。此处作主语,位于形容词historical之后,应使用名词,意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。7.themselves10.for解析考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for,意为“为了竞争”。故填for。