1、课时作业1 核心词汇讲练集锦训练（一）第一部分 单句语法填空（核心词汇专练）第二部分 阅读理解第三部分 语法填空（2020全国卷）课时作业1 核心词汇讲练集锦训练（一）第一部分 单句语法填空（核心词汇专练）1.2020全国卷改编On Thursday in an article published in Cell,a team of researchers reported a new kind of （adapt）not to air or to food,but to the ocean.adaptations解析考查词性转换。句意：周四,在细胞杂志上发表的一篇文章中,一群研究人员报道了一
2、种新的适应方式不是适应空气也不是适应食物,而是适应海洋。2.2020全国卷,语法填空Data about the moons composition,such as how ice and other treasures it contains,could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar（月球的）base are practical.much解析考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词,应使用much修饰,故填much。3.20
3、19全国卷First,you need to evaluate yourself,your values,your strengths,your weaknesses,your （achieve）,your desires,etc.achievements解析考查词性转换。句意：首先你得评价自己,包括你的价值、优势、弱势、成就及愿望等等。根据your可知应使用名词形式,再根据values,strengths,weaknesses可知应使用复数形式。故填achievements。4.2019江苏卷改编In modern man,the brain accounts about 2%3%of to
4、tal body weight,but it consumes 25%of the bodys energy when the body is at rest.for解析考查固定搭配。句意：现代人的大脑只占人体总体重的2%3%,但是当人体处于休息状态时大脑要消耗掉25%的身体能量。5.2019天津卷改编However,technology is also the （apply）of scientific knowledge to solve a problem,touching lives in countless ways.application解析考查词性转换。句意：但是技术是应用科技知识
5、来解决问题的应用,在诸多方面影响了生活。由设空前的the和后面的of可知应使用名词形式。故填application。6.2019全国卷改编When （add）two numbers,the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two,and then （add）only a fraction（小部分）of the smaller number to it.addingadded解析句意：当猴子们把两个数字加起来的时候,它们更加关注较大的那个数字,然后把较小数字的一部分加到较大的数字。设空1考查省略,完整形式为When they
6、were adding two numbers故填adding;设空2考查时态,由paid可知应使用一般过去时,故填added。7.2018全国卷改编Working out in the morning provides （addition）benefits beyond being physically fit.additional解析句意：早上锻炼身体还有除了身体健康之外的其他好处。additional adj.附加的;额外的;外加的。由设空后的名词benefits及句意可知,应使用形容词形式,故填additional。8.2019北京卷改编All our projects aim （pr
7、omote）the development of poor and remote communities.to promote解析考查aim基本用法：aim to do。句意：我们所有的项目都是旨在促进边缘贫苦地区的发展。9.2018江苏卷改编Try to understand whats actually happening instead of acting on the （assume）that youve made.assumption解析考查词性转换。句意:设法去理解正在发生的事情,而不是依据假设你做了再采取行动。10.2018江苏卷改编Kids shouldnt have acce
8、ss violent films because they might imitate the things they see.to解析考查固定搭配。句意：孩子们不能观看暴力电影,因为他们会模仿他们看到的内容。have access to“接近的机会;进入的权利”。故填to。第二部分 阅读理解阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A 2019全国卷Need a Job This Summer?The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summ
9、er jobs.The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student?Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills,find a job or start businesses all year round.Jobs for Youth If you are a teenager living in certa
10、in parts of the province,you could be eligible（符合条件）for this program,which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible:Youth 1518 years old in select communities（社区）Summer Company Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to 3,0
11、00 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible:Students aged 1529,returning to school in the fall.Stewardship Youth Ranger Program You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible:Stud
12、ents aged 16 or 17 at time of hire,but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.Summer Employment Opportunities（机会）Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program,students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service,its related agencies and commun
13、ity groups.Who is eligible:Students aged 15 or older.Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了省政府及其合作者提供的帮助学生找到暑期工作的四个项目。1.What is special about Summer Company?()A.It requires no training before employment.B.It provides awards for ru
14、nning new businesses.C.It allows one to work in the natural environment.D.It offers more summer job opportunities.B解析细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词Summer Company可直接定位到第二个项目,而且浏览四个项目可以发现,只有Summer Company的介绍里提到了awards（奖励）,由此可知其特别之处在于“它为经营新业务提供奖励”,故选B项。2.What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Prog
15、ram?()A.1518.B.1524.C.1529.D.1617.D解析细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词Stewardship Youth Ranger Program可直接定位到第三个项目。根据本部分中的关键信息句“Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire,but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.”可知,这个项目的年龄要求是16岁或17岁,且在今年12月31日前不能满18岁,故选D项。3.Which program favors the disabled?()A.Jobs for Youth.B.Su
16、mmer Company.C.Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.D.Summer Employment Opportunities.D解析细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词the disabled（残疾人）可直接定位到最后一个项目中最后一句的“persons with a disability”,两者属于典型的同义词替换。由此可知,这个项目对残疾人在年龄方面给予了特别照顾,故选D项。B 2020全国卷 Returning to a book youve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend.T
17、heres a welcome familiaritybut also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both,and thus the relationship.But books dont change,people do.And thats what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based
18、 on our present mental register.Its true,the older I get,the more I feel time has wings.But with reading,its all about the present.Its about the now and what one contributes to the now,because reading is a give and take between author and reader.Each has to pull their own weight.There are three book
19、s I reread annually.The first,which I take to reading every spring is Ernest Hemingways A Moveable Feast.Published in 1964,its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.The language is almost intoxicating（令人陶醉的）,an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time.Another is Annie Dillards Holy the
20、 Firm,her poetic 1975 ramble（随笔）about everything and nothing.The third book is Julio Cortzars Save Twilight:Selected Poems,because poetry.And because Cortzar.While I tend to buy a lot of books,these three were given to me as gifts,which might add to the meaning I attach to them.But I imagine that,wh
21、ile money is indeed wonderful and necessary,rereading an authors work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.The best books are the ones that open further as time passes.But remember,its you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.语篇解读:这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读
22、的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。4.Why does the author like rereading?()A.It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.B.Its a window to a whole new world.C.Its a substitute for drinking with a friend.D.It extends the understanding of oneself.D解析 推理判断题。定位到文章第一段中的句子“But books dont change,people d
23、o.And thats what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.（但是书没变,人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处）”和及第二段中的句子“The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.Its true,the older I get,the more I feel time has wings.（重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系
24、是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的,我年纪越大,就越觉得时光飞逝。）”由此可推知,作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。5.What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast?()A.Its a brief account of a trip.B.Its about Hemingways life as a young man.C.Its a record of a historic event.D.Its about Hemingways friends in Paris.B解析推理判断题。定位到文章第三段中句子“Publish
25、ed in 1964,its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”,由此可推知,这是老年海明威对那些野心勃勃却更简单的岁月的追忆,因此A Movable Feast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。6.What does the underlined word“currency”in paragraph 4 refer to?()A.Debt.B.Reward.C.Allowance.D.Face value.B解析词义猜测题。定位
26、到文章最后一段中的句子“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,rereading an authors work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.”（虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的,但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报。）分析句子结构可知,前后句为转折关系,再根据上下文的语境可推知,由此判断出画线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。7.What can we infer about the author from the text?()A.He loves poetry.B.Hes
27、 an editor.C.Hes very ambitious.D.He teaches reading.A解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third book is Julio Cortzars Save Twilight:Selected Poems,because poetry.（第三本书是胡里奥科塔扎的拯救暮光之城:诗歌精选,因为诗歌）”可知,作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。第三部分 语法填空（2020全国卷）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China has become the first country to land a spa
28、cecraft on the far side of the moon.The unmanned Change-4 probe（探测器）the name was i ired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 1 （touch）down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.Landing on the moons far side is 2 （extreme）challenging.Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a pr
29、obe,China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 3 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.The far side of the moon is of particular 4 （interesting）to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters（环形山）,more so 5 the familiar near side.Chinese researchers hope t
30、o use the instruments onboard Change-4 6 （find）and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.“This really excites scientists,”Carle Pieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,“because it 7 （mean）we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 8 （construct）.”Data about the moons compos
31、ition,such as how 9 ice and other treasures it contains,could help China decide whether 10 （it）plans for a future lunar（月球的）base are practical.语篇解读：这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家,文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。1.touched解析考查时态。由时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时,故填touched作句子谓语。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号上周在月球南极艾特肯盆地着陆,其名字的灵感来源于古代
32、的中国月亮女神。2.extremely解析考查副词。设空处应使用extreme的副词形式修饰形容词challenging,故填extremely。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。3.where解析考查定语从句。分析句子可知,设空处引导定语从句,先行词是a spot,由句意可知,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故填where。句意：因为月球阻挡了探测器与飞船的无线电沟通,所以中国不得不把一颗卫星发射到月球上空,在那里卫星可以把信号发射到飞船和地球。4.interest解析考查名词短语。be of interest to sb.意为“（某物）使某人感兴趣,等同于be interesting,故填i
33、nterest。（例如：The subject is of no interest to me at all.我对此课题一点也不感兴趣。）句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。5.than解析考查比较级。根据空前的比较级more so可知,此处填介词than,表示“比更”,故填than。句意：因为月球背面比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。6.to find解析考查非谓语动词。此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。解析考查时态和主谓一致。由上文“This really excites scientists”可知,此
34、处也使用一般现在时;由主语it可知,所以设空处使用第三人称单数形式means,故填means。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”8.is constructed解析考查时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处应使用谓语动词形式,谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时,主语the moon是单数,故填is constructed。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”9.much解析考查形容词。ice是不可数名词,应使用much修饰,故填much。句意：关于月亮构成的数据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。7.means解析考查代词。根据空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。句意：关于月亮构成的数据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。10.its