1、第五部分 高考英语书面表达指导(一) 书面表达的做题技巧1 书写规范，字迹清楚，这是最基本的要求。任何一种形式的书面文字材料，都要求书写规范、拼写正确无误、字迹清晰、大小 写 、标点符号及移行等都要正确。其实，做到这点并不难，只要做练习 时认真、细心就行。天星教育网2 正确理解提示语，严格、准确地按题目要求做。有提示语的书面表达，不等于汉译英，不能按提示语逐句英译，它也不是作文，而是一种限定了内容、字数，有限制的一种书面表达方式。因此， 必须充分注意提示语的提示作用。根据提示写的内容，一句不能少， 与所要求表达的内容无关的话，一句也不要写，不要自己去添枝加叶，要紧扣提示，按所限定的内容、字数做
2、到内容意义上的完整准确。3 表达要准确。准确的理解，是准确表达的前提，理解准确的内容，要用准确的语言形态表达，在具体写作时，应主要注意以下几点：1) 文理通顺，层次清楚。要在准确理解提示语精神的基础上， 把需要表达的内容，按逻辑顺序一件件地叙述清楚，简洁明了，切忌生搬硬造，词不达意，尽可能用最有把握的词语表述文章内容。2) 语法结构要正确。语法结构即语言形式，这是表达内容的手段 ，意思正确，但表达形式错了，也是不符合要求的。因此，要注意句子结构的正确，如词序、一致关系、时态、语态、人称呼应及词的搭配 。错误的语言形式是表达不出正确的内容的。3) 格式要正确。不同的书面表达形式有不同的格式，如书
3、信、 日记、便条、通知等各有其特殊的格式。只要做到以上所列的几点注意事项，考生便能顺利攻克书面表达这最后一道难关。一、几种文体的写作（一）如何写通知：1.包括最重要的信息，如：时间、日期、活动以及出通知的人等。2.只包括必要的信息。 3.使你的通知清楚和吸引人。 READER NOTICE Library closed: 15 to 17 September We regret to inform you that our library will be closed next Wednesday, Thursday and Friday for the sports meeting. It
4、will open again on Saturday (18 September) with new opening hours:Thank you for your kind attention. Library （二）如何写电子邮件1.你必须写上收信人的地址和电子邮件的主题； 2.用first name问候对方，如：Dear Mary. 3.用友好的问候开始邮件，如：How are you doing? 4.结束时写上你的first name. 5.用缩写形式，如：Im fine. 6.用结束语，如：All the best; Best regards; Love等。To: ellenS
5、ubject: Singapore Hello EllenHow are you? Have you finished your exams yet?Im in Singapore! I only arrive here two days ago, but Ive already seen a lot of amazing things. Yesterday, we went shopping in the afternoon, and then we went to the Night Safari. Its a zoo thats open at night, but there are
6、no cages so you can see the animals up close!Tomorrow, were going to Sentosa. Its an island south of Singapore, I hear there is a lot to see and o there!Sorry I dont have much time to write. Ill call you when I get back. CU soon!LoveConnie（三）如何写征求建议的回信：1.找出信中询问建议的要点； 2.直接回答每个要点；3.不要对信中未提到的给建议； 4.提供安
7、慰和支持。不要挑你正在写信的对方的错；ks5uks5uks5uKS5U5.用情态动词如：should, must，短语如：make sure 或祈使句来给出建议。Dear Liu Zhen Many parents find that their children do not listen to them. This is a common problem that is a result of growing pains. Be patient. Most children soon grow out of this time. I agree that you son needs to
8、keep up with his studies, because this will influence the rest of his life. You should insist that he do his homework. Take your son to a restaurant he enjoys and have a quiet talk with him. Try to find out why he is acting this way. You should be prepared to listen to him and hear his side of the s
9、tory. Both being a teenager and being a parent can be very difficult. However, dont give up,. With a little bit of patience and communication, many of these problems can be solved. Best regardsYours sincerely,Dr Fang （四）如何写一封正式的信1.你的地址（在右上角） 2.日期（右上角地址的下方或在左上角）3.收信人的姓名，职务头衔和地址（左边日期下一行） 4.正式问候（名字或头衔）
10、5.正式的结尾 6.你的名字和签名 101 High Street London 1 May 2011Mr Frank BrownPublic Relations Manager Safety Laboratories 305 Queens Drive Liverpool Dear Mr BrownI am writing about your plans to start cloning human beings in the UK. I believe this technology is horrible and must be stopped immediately. I unders
11、tand that other countries have already begun trying to clone human beings, but this does not mean that we should follow in their footsteps. I am sure that if you conducted a survey among UK citizens, it would show that the majority of people would not support this type of scientific research. In sum
12、mary, I insist that you take the opinions of the people of the UK into consideration, and end this practice immediately. Yours sincerely, Jim Davidson Jim Davidson ks5uks5uks5u（五）如何写演讲稿1.第一段介绍自己的情况及发言的主题； 2.第二段提出问题和分析问题；3.第三段给出建议 4.第四段做出总结，发出号召Ladies and gentlemen, Good morning. Im Li Hua from Fujia
13、n, China. Its my great honor to be here to say something about the global water shortage and ways of dealing with it. As we know, the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to global warming, environmental pollution and the ever-increasing population. Therefore, its high ti
14、me we did something about it. Firstly, an effective way, I think, is to reserve water in a scientific way for future use. Secondly, new methods need to be developed to use the existing water resources, for example, turning sea water into fresh water. Thirdly, we must stop water pollution by law. Las
15、t but not least, its everyones responsibility to make good use of water, such as recycling and saving water in our daily life. In conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage, protect the present water resources and explore potential ones scientifically
16、. Thats all. Thank you. （六）如何写自传体文章1.Introduction：告诉作者这篇文章介绍什么。开头要吸引读者的注意力。2.Body：用例子、事实和数据支撑你的观点。3.Conclusion：:如果可能写一个令人惊喜或感兴趣的结论。 Dian Fossey is now regarded as one of the heroes of the 20th Century. She was an outgoing and kind person. Dian Fossey was born in California in 1932. She graduated fro
17、m university in 1954. . Dian Fossey is still alive in our hearts to this day. Thanks to her research, we now know more about mountain gorillas. They are also protected by governments and various organizations. Without her work, there would be very few mountain gorillas left today. （七）如何写报告1.Introduc
18、tion：报告的内容 2. Method：你是如何发现这个信息的；3. Results：在报告中证实什么 4. Conclusion：报告的概括，有时也包含建议。This report is about how to be polite. It examines how we make our language more polite and how to make sure we do not upset someone from another culture. The information can be accessed on the Internet. It has been fou
19、nd that words such as would and could can be used to help us to be polite. For example, it is much better to say Would you do this? rather than Do this! It is also suggested that .In conclusion, we need to know the customs of a country so that we do not make others embarrassed or annoyed. It seems t
20、hat if people learn something about other cultures before they visit a new country, they will be less likely to upset others or be misunderstood. （八）如何写图表作文1.分析数据2.从数据中得出结论；3.提出建议。table tennis Basketball Football Badminton Other 9%45%40%4%2% From our recent survey of students, we have found that 53
21、percent of the students often play sports. The most popular sport is basketball, which is played by 45 percent of the students. This is followed by football, which 40 percent of the students open play. A small number of students play other sports, such as table tennis. We want to give the students m
22、ore sports. For this reason, we suggest that organize a school basketball tournament, since basketball is the most popular sport in the school. Each class would have its own basketball team which would practise several afternoons a week. Then on sports day, the classes could play against each other.
23、 We could offer awards to the winning team and the most enthusiastic players. This would be a good way to build the school spirit with an activity that many students enjoy. （九）如何描述图片：1.描述图片时，不要指出每个细节。读者对他们自己能看到的东西不感兴趣，他们对和图片有关的东西更感兴趣。因此，一开始只要简单介绍图片的内容，然后重点讲述和图片有关的背后的信息。2.描述图片时，注意把握好时态和句式。如果是漫画作文或现象类
24、图片，常用一般现在时；如果是对已发生的真实的场景或事情发生经过的描述则用过去时。 As is seen from the picture, pupils are raising their hands, answering questions put forwardby the teacher, which makes atmosphere of the class lively and active. However, . （十）如何写一篇表达自己矛盾心理或问题的文章：当人们讨论问题，恐惧和焦虑的时候，他们常用specific language 来描述他们的经历。他们常常用：sad, con
25、fused, disappointed, alone, afraid; under a black cloud; feel stuck/ caught between.; feel blue; in very low spirits I feel like I wish Im tired of. They make/ It makes me feelDear friends, I have a problem, and dont know what to do. I really hope someone can help me find a solution! Ive been very s
26、ad in the past few months. I feel caught between what I want, what my parents want and what my basketball coach wants. I have always been an average student. My parents feel that I need to spend more time improving my marks so I can go to a good university. They make me feel like Im a bad son when I
27、 dont obey them . The problem is that I dont have time to study more because I play basketball so often , and I dont have time to work harder at basketball because I have to study. It feels like allocating adequate time for each is just not practical. Im really tired of feeling worried about this an
28、d being sad. I am uncertain what to do!Ma Jie (十一) 如何写读写型作文： 在概括文章时，可考虑命题人提供的写作内容，因为它能够帮助大家更快地提高捕捉文章要点的速度与准确性。 概括的标准：瞄准目的，省却细节，抛弃例子 概括的写作步骤：1. 确定主题句。2. 寻找关键词。3. 重构主题句。4. 重组支撑句。1. 对于故事性、记叙性的文体：是找出文中的时间、地点、人物、事件（过程），原因、结果（影响、感悟、启发、启迪、结论）即where, when, what, who, why, how2. 对于议论文，转述时则要准确而全面地概括作者的观点和态度。1
29、)在文中找关键词（主题字眼）；2)找出涉及主题的问题（作者看法）3)找出相关问题的解决办法。可以借助相关过度词，恰当地概括文章要点，切勿照抄原文句子。例文:阅读下面短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 Many people believe that in the future computers will be used in lots of everyday activities. It is thought that we wont go shopping because many goods are available on the Internet.There will b
30、e no more books because all books will be available from electronic libraries.The Internet will be used to book holidays, rent films and order food. Most telephone calls will be made over the Internet as well. Some people are excited about these new developments.Others, however, do not think that co
31、mputers will replace our present ways of shopping and communicating. Is Internet shopping as much fun as traditional shopping ? Many people say it is not. It is fun to go into shops and look at the goods in person. It is also unlikely that many people will want to read large texts on their computers
32、 because paper books will possibly be more user- friendly. Maybe, computers wont change these habits. 【写作内容】1以约30个词概括材料中心内容。2以约120个词表达如下要点：（1）描述你周围的同学对网上购物的不同看法。（2）你喜欢传统的购物方式还是网上购物？（3）结合自己的生活体验说明你喜欢的理由。【写作要求】1作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子。2. 作文中不能出现自己的真实姓名和学校名称。 【评分标准】概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，
33、篇章连贯。This passage mainly talks about different uses of Internet shopping such as buying goods, booking holidays, renting films and so on. It also states peoples different attitudes towards Internet shopping. My classmates have different attitudes to it. Some think that it is very convenient to shop
34、online. Others believe that it is unsafe to buy goods with credit cards and it is impossible to check the quality . As for me , I prefer traditional shopping. It is really fun to go into shops and look at the goods in person . We can choose what we really need and have a good bargain. We can talk fr
35、eely with others instead of a cold machine. I often go shopping with my parents on weekends and we have a very good communication every time. Although everything is available online and we neednt even leave our home, we may be cheated and waste money. So traditional shopping is better than Internet
36、shopping.二、高考写作中应注意的几个问题:一)、 要点全高考英语书面表达题都是根据内容和表达给分的，因此要点是否齐全，直接影响考生能否得高分。考虑书面表达写作要点时，不该写的尽量不写，因为言多必失，因此要适当发挥，而不要无限制地发挥。二)、 语法正在写作时，每一个句子都要尽可能避免语法错误，考生们通常在下列语法方面最易出错。1) 句型错误例：There were 50,000 people died in the earthquake.(此句不要用There be) The book makes us be interested in music.(此处要去掉be) The noise
37、 made us couldnt concentrate on our studies. ( made us unable to concentrate on)2) 动词错误a. 缺谓语 例：They all against the plan. (加are)b. 搭配错误 fix ones attention to sth./doing sth. (to 应改为 on)c. 时态错误 高考书面表达题通常都考查时态，而每一个特定时间背景下的时态都是相同的，比如介绍人物和单位的现状，应以一般现在时为主。介绍其过去情况，应以一般过去时为主。日记的写作应以一般过去时为主，通知的写作应以一般现在时为主，
38、千万不能随心所欲或者不假思索地使用时态，造成大面积失分。d. 语态错误 汉语被动色彩不浓厚，因此不少场合考生易受汉语的习惯影响，不使用被动语态。例：He remembered his wallet had lost in the bus. (加 been)有时不该用被动语态，不少考生却用了被动语态。例：The matter was happened two years ago. (去掉was)不少基础较差的考生喜欢在行为动词前加动词be。ks5uks5uks5u例：I am think that Ill learn how to use a computer. (去掉am)3) 主谓一致错误例
39、：Every student in our class study very hard. (改为studies) The Chinese is a hard-working people. (改为 are )4) 冠词错误冠词属小词，很多考生不重视冠词，实际上冠词用错了也影响表达。例：We visited many buildings in the city such as library, laboratory and teaching building.(libraries, laboratories and teaching buildings.)三)、 表达准考生做书面表达题时，要使用
40、正确的、地道的语言。不能使用生涩难懂或不符合英语表达习惯的语言，考生常犯的语言错误有下列几种：1. 英语单词堆砌法有的考生在写英语句子时，不会使用准确的英语，而根据汉语的句子顺序用相应的英语单词堆砌成英语句子。例：误：Welcome you come to our school to visit.ks5uks5uks5uKS5U正：Youre welcome to visit our school.2. “Chinglish”表达法很多考生写英语短文时易受汉语习惯影响，不符合英语表达习惯的中式英语。例：误：My height is 180 centimeters and my body is
41、healthy.正：Im 180 centimeters tall and Im healthy.3. 难词解释法不少考生平时不注重记忆必要的单词，写作时碰到生词就绕道走，最后只好用解释法、定义法来说明，结果语言生涩难懂，文意错乱，表达不畅。例：误：Mr Li is good at teaching. He has many ways of teaching his students.正：Mr Li is good at teaching. He has many teaching methods.四)、 结构整所谓结构整，就是要把握好两个关系：完整不等于一定要用复杂的句子。考生一味追求新、奇
42、、难，很容易出差错。例：误：It is not only the boy but also his parents are kind to others.正：Not only the boy but also his parents are kind to others.简单不等于一定用省略句。考生在不可省略的地方省略，结构就不完整，句意就不明确。例：误：He doesnt know what and how to do it.正：He doesnt know what to do and how to do it.五)、 逻辑顺不少考生在写英语短文时，完全根据材料前后顺序，将所给内容一一译成
43、英语，或者虽有变化，但文意仍不通顺。这两种情况都会使得短文前后不连贯，层次不清晰，逻辑性不强。因此，考生应认真思考所给材料，找到短文表达的主旨文意及线索，然后在文意及线索引导下，将短文内容顺畅地表达出来。为了增加文章的可续性，考生应学会使用and , so, then , at the same time , on one hand , on the other hand , besides , whats more, moreover, therefore, in that case , Im afraid, I think等表示过渡及连接的词汇，这样就可以有效地增强文章的可读性，增加文章的
44、感情色彩。六)、 卷面洁考生写好作文后，应认真修改，避免大小写及标点符号错误，誊写时应尽可能书写工整，布局美观，卷面漂亮、整洁，这会增加得高分的机会。注意到以上这些，就能够写出高质量的文章。经典句子（关注黑体部分，学会灵活应用）：1、We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.我该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。 2、This is a matter of life and death-a matter no country can afford to ignore.这是一个关系到生死的问题，任何国家都不能忽视。 3、For my pa
45、rt, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons.我同意后者，有如下理由：4、This issue has caused wide public concern.这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。5、There are many reasons accounting for /are many factors contributing to this phenomenon, ranging fromto6、We strongly appeal to the government to take action/ practica
46、l measures to.7、Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。 8、Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.污染对我们的生存造成巨大威胁。9、Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.违反交通规则的人应该受到处罚。 10、Nothing is more important than receiving education.没有比接受教育更重要的事。 11、We cannot emphasize the importance
47、 of protecting our eyes too much. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。 ks5uks5uks5u12、There is no denying/It cant be denied that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. 无可否认，我们的生活品质已经变得越来越糟。 13、It is universally acknowledged that trees play a very important role in environmental protection.全世界都知道树木
48、在保护环境中起重要作用。14、There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired / needs improving.毫无疑问，我们的教育制度令人不满意。 15、An advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create any pollution. 使用太阳能的优点是它不会产生任何污染。 16、The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh a
49、ir for us.我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。 17、So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it.时间是如此珍贵，我们不能浪费它。 18、Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. 虽然我们的国家很富有，但是我们的生活质量却令人很不满意。 19、The harder you work, the more progress youll make.你越努力，你越进步。 The more books w
50、e read, the more learned well become.我们书读得越多，我们越有学问。 20、Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed.听音乐能使我们放松。 Too high expectations from parents and teachers cause students to feel anxious/depressed, making them unable to fall asleep or have appetite.21、On no account can we ignore the value of kn
51、owledge.我们绝对不能忽视知识的价值。 22、It is time that the authorities concerned took / should take proper steps to solve the traffic problems.该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。【友情提醒】完成时间：25分钟。答案单选Keys:110 ACABC / ABBBC 1120 ACDBC / DCABB 21-30 ACABD / ABDCB 31-40 CBABD / ACDAB 4150 BCABC / DCBAD完形A答案 36.A 37.B 38.B 39.D 40.C 41.C 42.D 43.A 44.D 45.B 46.A 47.A 48.C 49.D 50.B 51.D 52.B 53.A 54.C 55.BB答案 36.B 37.A 38.C 39.D 40.D 41.A 42.B 43.D 44.C 45.B 46.A 47.D 48.C 49.A 50.B 51.D 52.C 53.C 54.A 55.B阅读一.D .B C A二.B.C D .A三.A D.D B四CABD五BCCDA 版权所有：高考资源网()