1、题型二 短文改错 把脉考情明考向，知规律考点分布2020(卷)2020(卷)2020(卷)2019(卷)2019(卷)2019(卷)2018(卷)2018(卷)2018(卷)总计词法冠词1111116名词11121112111动词时态和语态111115非谓语动词111312211考点分布2020(卷)2020(卷)2020(卷)2019(卷)2019(卷)2019(卷)2018(卷)2018(卷)2018(卷)总计词法代词11111117形容词、副词3223412219介词2111117数词11考点分布2020(卷)2020(卷)2020(卷)2019(卷)2019(卷)2019(卷)2018
2、(卷)2018(卷)2018(卷)总计句法主谓一致11复合句连词121111119特殊句式11考点分布2020(卷)2020(卷)2020(卷)2019(卷)2019(卷)2019(卷)2018(卷)2018(卷)2018(卷)总计语篇上下文时态一致11114代词指代一致11逻辑关系一致(连词的使用)11111117综合近三年全国卷短文改错题可知，其设题的角度有三个：词法、句法和行文逻辑，从这三个角度考查学生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性。1词法层面对动词的考查频率最高，主要考查单句话中并列谓语的时态一致或根据相应的时间状语判断时态。形容词和副词的使用也是热点考点之一，主要涉及它们之间的相互
3、转换。名词的用法基本为必考考点；介词和数词的考查相对较低。2句法层面的改错主要涉及主谓一致、复合句连词的使用以及特殊句式。3语篇层面的改错主要包括上下文时态一致、代词指代一致、逻辑关系一致(连词的使用)。请先按三步法答题规范做题，再核对答案解析：(2019高考全国卷)I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.One afternoon where I was in primary school，I was walking by the school playground.Suddenly footba
4、ll fell just in front of me but almost hit me.I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground.To everyones surprising，interestedwhenaandhardsurprisethe ball went into the net.All the football player on the playground cheered loudly,say that I had a talent for football.From now on，I st
5、arted to play my football with classmates after school.I am a good player now.playerssayingthen第一步：从语篇入手，理解大意，着眼时态和语态根据第一句“I became interesting in playing football thanks toa small accident.”和第二句中时间状语“One afternoon”以及下文内容可知，本文讲述的是作者因为一次小“意外”而喜欢上踢足球的故事，因此整体时态为一般过去时，故倒数第二句中的nowthen。第二步：从句子入手，逐句分析，推敲语法
6、注意几乎每年都考查的动词、名词、形容词、冠词和介词类错误，同时注意其他语法类错误。第一句中的主语是人，become interested in“变得对感兴趣”为固定用法，故interestinginterested；第二句，one afternoon是表示时间的名词，且引导词在后面的定语从句中作状语，应用when引导，故wherewhen；第三句，football此处是泛指“一个足球”，且发音以辅音音素开头，其前应加不定冠词a，故在football前加a;“一个足球正好落在我面前”与“差点儿打到我”之间是顺承关系，应用并列连词and，故butand；第四句，此处表示“用力把足球踢回操场”，应用
7、hard(adv.用力地)，hardly意为“几乎不”，故hardlyhard；第五句，to ones surprise令某人惊讶的是，ones之后应接名词，故surprisingsurprise；第六句，根据前面的all可知，player应用其复数形式players，故playerplayers；分析句子结构可知，cheered是谓语动词，say前没有并列连词and等，所以say只能用非谓语动词形式，主语与say之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词短语作状语，故saysaying；第七句，文章讲述的是过去发生的事情，应该用from then on，意为“从那时起”，from now on意为“从现在
8、起”，故nowthen；动词play与球类名词连用时，名词前不必加冠词或代词，故去掉my。第三步：从行文逻辑入手，兼顾上下，审查连带前两步完成后，要再读短文，根据上下文逻辑关系再次进行排查，放眼全篇去思考。一、根据词法解决词法类的测试题词法的测试包括：名词的单复数和名词的所有格；定冠词和不定冠词的用法；动词的时态、语态、语气和非谓语动词；情态动词；人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法；介词的搭配；并列连词、从属连词的用法；形容词与副词的区别及其比较级和最高级的用法；固定搭配和习惯用法。词法错误类在短文改错题中占很大的比例，我们需要特别注意。对于这类题，我们要仔
9、细分析句子成分，细心观察，并在平时学习过程中多积累语言知识。(2020高考全国卷)Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself.分析 考查形容词。句意：今天我自己尝试做一道简单的菜。根据名词dish可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故将simplysimple。(2020高考全国卷)I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs,and I thought it must be easy to cook.分析 考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将
10、fryingfried。(2019高考全国卷)Then，when I was in the five grade，I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much.分析 考查固定搭配。“上五年级”有两种表达方式：in the fifth/5th grade或in Grade 5/Five，故fivefifth。too much表示“太多”，而very/so much表示“非常”，此处表示“我非常喜欢我的英语老师”，故toovery/so。(2019高考全国卷)Suddenly football fell j
11、ust in front of me and almost hit me.分析 考查冠词。此处是泛指“一个足球”，应用不定冠词，且football以辅音音素开头，故football前加a。(2020高考全国卷)Actually,I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old,but I have long been out of practice.分析 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语从句when I was seven years old可知，叙述的是作者7岁时发生的事情，所以主句谓语用一般过去时，故startstarted。二、根据句法解
12、决句法类的测试题句法的测试包括：固定句型，主谓一致，强调句，状语从句和名词性从句中的连接词的运用，定语从句中的关系代词和关系副词的运用以及句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性和逻辑性等。这些错误通常与句子成分的分析紧密相关，所以难度较大。(2020高考全国卷)Understanding her good intentions,I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.分析 考查定语从句。句意：出于对妈妈好意的理解，我满怀感激地吃着妈妈提供的所有食物。这里含有一个定语从句，先行词是all the food，关系词在从句中
13、作主语，指物，可用that或which，但先行词被all所修饰，只能使用that，不能使用which，且what不能引导定语从句，所以what改成that。(2018高考全国卷)The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.分析 考查状语从句。父母是在我小时候教我这个游戏(玩纸牌)的，所以此处要用when引导时间状语从句，故wherewhen。(2017高考全国卷)The instructor kept repeating the words，“S
14、peed up！”“Slow down！”“Turning left！”分析 考查祈使句。分析语境可知教练的话“加速！”“减速！”“左转！”都是祈使句，根据前文“Speed up！”“Slow down！”可以看出这三个指令是并列结构。祈使句应用动词原形开头，故TurningTurn。(2020高考全国卷)Thank you for your letter,what really made me happy.分析 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：谢谢你的来信，你的信真的让我很开心。分析句子，逗号后的从句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词your letter，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用whic
15、h引导该非限制性定语从句。故将what改为which。(2020高考全国卷)Then I can spare some time to learn it again,such that we can practice together every day.分析 考查固定句型。so that可以引导目的状语从句，而such that不能引导目的状语从句。故suchso。三、根据语篇解决语篇类的测试题语篇的测试包括：上下文中的时态是否一致；上下文中的代词指代是否一致；上下文中的逻辑关系是否一致。判断这类错误，要从上下文、惯用法、主从复合句的句意来找到错误。若为并列句，要从上下文来判断句与句之间的关
16、系是并列、转折、选择、递进还是其他关系，从而选择恰当的连词。(2019高考全国卷)One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor.And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.分析 考查时态。文章整体行文都是过去时态，此处也是叙述过去发生的事情，所以也用过去时态，故iswas。(2020高考全国卷)“Not that way，”my mom tried to stop us bu
17、t failed.She was right.It didnt turn out as I had wished.分析 考查代词。句意：“不是那样。”我的妈妈尽力阻止我，但是失败了。根据上文可知，是作者一个人做菜，此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”，应使用第一人称单数的宾格，故将us改为me。(2020高考全国卷)Actually,I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old,for I have long been out of practice.分析 考查行文逻辑。“7岁开始学功夫”与“很久没有练习”在语意上构成转折关系，而不是因果关系。
18、故forbut/yet。短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。A(2020潍坊统考)School life is a large part of my adolescence.I have learned how to get on well w
19、ith my fellow schoolmate and teachers at school.Its quite usual what arguments happen between students.For an example,we may have different opinions when it come to organizing an activity.However,we have to learn to respect schoolmatesthatcomesother peoples opinions and think about it carefully.It i
20、s necessary for us to have a discussion after we make a final decision.School life had really taught me how to communicate each other.It will certain play an important role in help me find a good job in the future.thembeforehascertainlyhelpingwithB(2020福建三校高三联考)One year ago,I was in great trouble.I
21、worked hard at English and devote all my spare time to practise it.But I failed to pass the midterm examination,which made me great disappointed.So I asked my grandpa for advice when I got to home.Hearing that I told him,he said,“To some extent examination results devotedpractisinggreatlywhatsometim
22、e cannot reflect your study level.You cant judge your progress by one examination.”He encouraged myself to work hard for long time to check my results.I took my grandpas advices.Now I realize that the process of learning is much more important and my English is much good than before.From my experience,I feel that we should listen to opinions from old people.sometimesmeaadvicebetter