1、Period FourProject.重点单词1contrary adj.相反的；n.相反的事实或情况2flesh n(动物或人的)肉3jewellery n珠宝4attract vt.吸引attractive adj.吸引人的，有魅力的5calm adj.镇静的，沉着的，平静的；vt.& vi.使平静，镇静6panic vi.& n惊慌，恐慌panicked (过去式)panicked (过去分词)panicking (现在分词)7likely adj.可能的possible/probable(同义词) adj.可能的8soldier n士兵9roll vi.& vt.卷起来；(使)滚动10
2、loose adj.松动的，松开的；宽松的；vt.松开，释放11employ vt.使用；雇佣12unlike prep.不像；与不同.重点短语1contrary to与相反2mistake A for B把A误认为B3result in导致4follow ones suggestions/advice听从某人的建议 5be likely to do sth.很有可能做某事6roll up卷起来7appear to似乎8get lost迷路.重点句式1倍数比较级than.Dont be frightened by sharks：you are 30 times more likely to b
3、e hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.不要被鲨鱼吓倒：你被雷击的可能性比被鲨鱼攻击的可能性大30倍。2强调句型However，it was in war that they found their greatest use.然而，正是在战争中他们才发现了鸽子的最大用途。.课文阅读理解1Which of the following statements is TRUE about sharks?AAmong nearly 400 different types of sharks，only about 30 types attack hum
4、an beings.BThe most dangerous sharks are the tiger shark and the bull shark.CThe sharks attack is the leading cause of peoples death in the sea.DThe chance of being attacked by sharks is rather small compared to other dangers.答案D2Which of the following ways can help you out of the attacks from shark
5、s?ANo swimming in the dark，especially alone at night.BThe fewer people，the fewer chances to be attacked by sharks.CWearing colourful clothing.DSwimming when you have a fresh wound.答案A3 is the way to save you out of a shark attack.ATo keep still，not to make the shark angryBTo pull aside the sharks ja
6、ws to pull yourself out of its mouthCTo hit the shark on the head to drive it awayDTo hit the shark on the nose答案D4Why does an officer write a short message quickly on a small piece of paper?ABecause he wants to test his soldiers abilities of writing.BBecause he intends to practice his handwriting.C
7、Because he wants to get help.DBecause he tries to get a pigeon.答案C5Where did they find the use of the pigeons?AIn the quiet night.BIn war.CAt home. DIn the cage.答案B6How do pigeons find their way?AThey appear to have a compass inside them.BThey have good memories.CThey have good sight.DThey are very
8、clever.答案A.课文阅读填空About sharksNearly 400 different types of sharks.About 30 types are reported to have attacked humans.Three types of 1.dangerous sharks：the great white shark，the tiger shark and the bull shark.Three types of shark attacksThe shark 2.mistakes you for a fish and attacks you，but when it
9、 tastes human flesh，it gives up.The shark 3.bites you if it thinks you are fit to be eaten.The shark waits for you to swim by，and then attacks you all of a 4.sudden.5.Advice/Suggestions on how to reduce the risk of a shark attackDont swim in the 6.dark/darkness.Dont swim in the ocean if you have a f
10、resh 7.wound.Dont wear bright clothing or jewellery.Stay in groups.What to do if a shark attack happensKeep calm.Dont get into a 8.panic.Hit the shark on the nose with your fist.9.Stick your finger in the sharks eye.10.Chances of being attacked by a sharkYou are 30 times more likely to be hit by lig
11、htning than be attacked by a shark.阅读第二篇课文“The wonderful world of pigeons”，并试着以约30个词概括第五段(P19，Ls1119)的段落大意。Pigeons have a strong sense of direction and they can fly long distances without losing their way.Because of this，since ancient times，they have been used as special messengers，especially in war
12、.重点词汇1Contrary to what many people might assume，evidence shows that sharks seldom attack humans.与大多数人可能认为的相反，证据表明鲨鱼很少攻击人类。contrary adj.相反的；n.相反的事实或情况(be) contrary to与相反on the contrary与此相反，正相反只作状语to the contrary相反的；相反地作定语和状语(1)Contrary to popular belief，animals do not often attack humans.与普遍的看法相反的是，动
13、物不经常攻击人类。(2)Didnt you find the film exciting?On the contrary，I nearly fell asleep half way through it.你没发现这部电影很激动人心吗？正相反，我在看到一半时差点睡着了。 (3)Show me some evidence to the contrary.给我看看有什么相反的证据吧。单项填空(4)Snowfall and low temperatures havent made the animals move hurriedly for shelter. ，they greet the snow
14、with excitement，either enjoying the snowy landscape or tasting snowflakes.(2018常州高级中学高一期中)AOn the contrary BIn conclusionCAs a whole DAside from答案A解析句意为：降雪和低温并没有让动物匆匆去寻找避难所。正好相反，它们兴奋地向雪花打招呼，要么欣赏雪景，要么品尝雪花。根据语境可知此处表示前后两种情况正好相反，因此选A。in conclusion最后，总之；as a whole总的来说；aside from除以外。2The last two types of
15、 attack more often result in the death of humans.后两种攻击类型对人类来说往往是致命的。result in造成；导致result from起因于；由造成as a result of因为，由于as a result结果with the result that从而，因此，其结果是(1)The earthquake resulted in many thousands of deaths.地震造成了成千上万的人死亡。(2)The high unemployment in the country results from the governments
16、policies.那个国家的高失业率是由政府的政策导致的。(3)He made one big mistake，and，as a result，lost his job.他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。单项填空(4)Shy people may be unwilling to open their hearts or express their true feelings， disconnectedness from those around them or awkwardness.(2018泰州高一期中)Aresulting in Bto result inCresulted in Dto ha
17、ve resulted in答案A解析空格处是非谓语动词，result in 和其逻辑主语是主动关系，故用现在分词resulting in。(5)I was in the bath， I didnt hear the telephone，which rang several times.Aas a result of Bwith the result thatCresulting Dresulting from答案B解析在as a result of中，of后面是原因；result作动词，是不及物动词，后面不能直接跟宾语或宾语从句；result from后面接原因，故A、C、D三项均不符合题意
18、。with the result that因此，其结果是，符合题意。3Do not wear bright clothing or jewellery，because sharks are attracted to the flash of colours and bright objects.不要穿鲜亮的衣服或佩戴珠宝首饰，因为鲨鱼会被颜色或明亮物体的闪光吸引。(1)attract vt.吸引attract ones attention吸引某人的注意attract sb.to.把某人吸引到be attracted by/to被吸引；喜爱(2)attraction n有吸引力的事物；吸引hav
19、e no attraction for sb.对某人没有吸引力(3)attractive adj.有吸引力的(1)What do you think attracts people to big cities?你认为是什么把人们吸引到大城市的？(2)Babies are attracted by/to bright colours.婴儿喜欢鲜艳的颜色。(3)The beautiful beaches are the islands attractions.美丽的海滩是这个岛吸引人的地方。单项填空(4)We have to new customers to our restaurant by p
20、roviding the best service at the lowest price.Aaccept BattractCadd Dtransfer答案B解析句意为：我们必须通过以最低的价格提供最好的服务来吸引新的顾客到我们餐馆来。attract吸引，符合句意。accept接受；add增加；transfer转移。4Keep calm.Do not panic.保持冷静，不要惊慌。calm adj.镇静的，沉着的，平静的；v.(使)平静，(使)镇静calm down (人)冷静下来；(风、海)平静下来(1)After a day of noise，the streets are now ca
21、lm.一天的喧闹后，街道现在平静了。(2)She got frightened and excited，but is much calmer now.她因受惊吓而显得激动，但现在平静多了。(3)He attempts to calm them down，only to make matters worse.他试图使他们平静下来，却适得其反。单项填空(4)Help！Help！Police. ，madam.Whats the trouble?ABe quiet BCalm downCShut your mouth DSo rude答案B解析句意为：救命啊！救命啊！警察。冷静一下，女士，你怎么了？b
22、e quiet保持安静；calm down冷静下来；shut your mouth闭嘴；so rude太粗鲁了。根据题意选B。(5)Now keep ，everyone.The police are on the way.Asilent BcalmCfrightening Dexcited答案B解析keep calm保持冷静，符合句意。silent沉默的，指没有声音的或不讲话的；frightening令人害怕的；excited激动的，兴奋的，活跃的。panic v.& n.恐慌；惊慌panic sb.into doing sth.使某人惊慌地做某事be in a panic处在恐慌中get i
23、nto a panic陷入恐慌in panic惊慌失措地(6)He tried not to panic.他努力做到不惊慌。(7)I phoned the police in panic，crying that Id lost my baby.我惊慌失措地给警察打电话，哭着说我的孩子丢了。(8)She refused to be panicked into a hasty marriage.她拒绝因惊慌而仓促结婚。单项填空(9)The audience were thrown into a when the fire started.Aterror BpanicCdisorder Dpuzzl
24、e答案B解析句意为：当火灾发生时，观众们陷入了恐慌。panic v& n恐慌；惊慌。(10)All the office workers fled in every direction when the building shook.Aon a panic Bin panicCin surprise Dwith terror答案B解析句意为：大楼震动时，所有的办公室人员都惊慌失措地四处逃跑。in panic惊慌失措地，符合题意。5Dont be frightened by sharks：you are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning th
25、an be attacked by a shark.不要被鲨鱼吓倒：你被雷击的可能性要比被鲨鱼攻击的可能性大30倍。(1)likely adj.可能的be likely to do.可能做It is likely that.可能Not likely！不会！；不可能！(2)unlikely adj.不可能的(3)unlike prep.不像；与不同(1)You will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.你将更有可能在一天中坚持健康的食物选择。(2018全国)(2)He was firm and
26、steady unlike other men she knew.他坚定可靠，和她认识的其他男人不一样。(3)She is likely to win the match.It is likely/possible/probable that she will win the match.她有可能赢得这场比赛。易混辨析likely，possible，probable三者均表示“可能的”。用作表语时，区别如下：likely的主语可以是人、物或用it作形式主语。possible常用it作形式主语，其常用句型为：It is possible that.和Its possible (for sb.)
27、to do sth.。probable常用it作形式主语，其常用句型为：It is probable that.。巧图妙记单项填空(4)Drinking alcohol in small amounts regularly could mean you are less to become overweight than those who do not drink at all.(2018南京师大附中高一期中)Apossible BcommonCprobable Dlikely答案D解析句意为：定期喝少量酒可能要比那些根本不喝酒的人瘦。likely的主语可以是人、物或用it作形式主语。(5)
28、Would she mind playing against her former teammates? She is willing to play against any tough players.AI think so. BIm not surprised.COf course. DNot likely!答案D解析句意为：她介意和她以前的队友比赛吗？不可能！她愿意和任何强手较量。I think so.我认为如此；Im not surprised.我并不觉得惊奇；Of course.当然；Not likely！不可能！6During both World Warand，pigeons w
29、ere employed by armies to carry messages to and from the front lines，saving the lives of many soldiers and even helping win some important victories.在第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战期间，鸽子被军方用来与前线往返传递消息，挽救了许多士兵的生命，甚至帮助赢得了一些重要的胜利。(1)employ v雇用；使用，利用(时间、精力等)employ.as.雇用作为/当(2)employer n雇主(3)employee n雇员(4)employment n职
30、业；雇用；使用out of employment失业(1)I think youd better employ your spare time better.我认为你最好把你的业余时间利用得更好些。(2)John has been out of employment for three years.约翰已经失业3年了。(3)Hua Lian Department Store will employ some people as its workers.华联商厦将要雇用一些工人。单项填空(4)The book wasnt intended for children probably becaus
31、e the author too many scientific terms in it.(2018连云港赣榆高一期中调研)Aintroduced BwroteCemployed Danalyzed答案C解析句意为：这本书可能不是为儿童写的，因为作者用了太多的科学术语。employ使用，符合句意。故选C项。经典句式1Dont be frightened by sharks：you are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.不要被鲨鱼吓倒：你被雷击的可能性要比被鲨鱼攻击的可能性大30倍。
32、倍数表达法结构：(1)倍数形容词或副词的比较级than(2)倍数the size/length/weight/.of(3)倍数as形容词或副词的原级as(1)The dictionary is exactly three times more expensive than that one.这本字典比那本贵三倍。(2)The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。(3)His father is twice as old as he.他父亲的年纪是他的两倍大。单项填空(
33、4)What a table! Ive never seen such a thing before.It is its length.(2018泰州中学高一期中)Ahalf not as wide as Bwide not as halfCnot half as wide as Das wide as not half答案C解析句意为：多奇怪的一张桌子啊！我之前从未见过这样的东西，其宽度还不及长的一半。倍数表达，it is 倍数as形容词原级as，否定词not与动词is连在一起，故选C项。(5)The new road built in this month is of the old on
34、e that was built in 2011.(2017宿迁市名校高一期中)Amore than three times the widthBthree times more than the widthCthree times the width more thanDmore three times than the width答案A解析句意为：这个月建成的新路的宽度超过了2011年建成的那条路的三倍多。此处为倍数表达句型：A倍数the名词ofB。故选A。2However，it was in war that they found their greatest use.然而，正是在战争中
35、他们才发现了鸽子的最大用途。(1)本句为强调句，强调句的基本结构为“It is/was被强调部分that/who其他部分”。其中的“被强调部分”实际是原来句子中的一个句子成分，可以是主语、宾语、状语，但不能是定语或谓语。强调人时可用who，强调其他任何部分用that。如果把It is/was.that/who.去掉，剩下的部分仍然能组成一个完整的句子。(2)强调句的一般疑问句结构为：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who.?(3)强调句的特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词is/was itthat.?(4)对not.until.句型中的时间状语(从句)进行强调时其结构为：It is/was n
36、ot until被强调部分that其他部分。(1)It was Mary who/that lost her phone in the park last Sunday.是玛丽上个星期天在公园里丢了手机。(2)Was it Mary who/that lost her phone in the park last Sunday?是玛丽上个星期天在公园里丢了手机吗？(3)Who was it that lost his/her phone in the park last Sunday?是谁上个星期天在公园里丢了手机？单项填空(4)It was when I got back to my apa
37、rtment I first came across my new neighbors.(2017天津，11)Awho Bwhere Cwhich Dthat答案D解析句意为：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我第一次遇见了我的新邻居。本句中去掉It was 和空格，句意依然完整，所以本句是强调句型，强调的是时间状语，应用that。故选D。(5)I just cant remember that pigeons were first employed to send messages.Awas it when Bit was whenCwhen it was Dwhen was it答案C解析句意为：我
38、不记得是什么时候，鸽子第一次被用来发送信息。考查宾语从句和强调句的特殊疑问句。强调句的特殊疑问句的结构为：特殊疑问词is/wasitthat其他；宾语从句要用陈述语序。故选C。.单词拼写1Persons under 18 shall not be employed(雇用) in night work.2As a matter of fact，what attracted(吸引) me most to the job was the chance to travel.3Generally speaking，young drivers are far more likely to have acc
39、idents than older ones.4The woman got into a panic(惊慌) when she heard that her son had been injured in the accident.5Contrary to my expectation，they agreed to my plan.选词填空6In 1492，Columbus landed on one of the Bahama islands，but he mistook it for an island off India.7As a matter of fact，loss of slee
40、p can make you look tired，and even result in putting on weight.8Every year，a good many tourists are attracted to visit the old temple.9Status is the honor or respect attached to a persons position in society.10This is not an economical way to get more water；on the contrary，it is very expensive.完成句子1
41、1It was Tom that/who(正是汤姆) put forward the suggestion.12I think tickets for the film are likely to be expensive(可能很贵)13This street is three times as wide(是的三倍宽) as that one.14He is said to have achieved great success(已经取得了很大的成功) in scientific research.15He turned off all the lights，seeing nothing(什么
42、也看不见).单项填空16Am I bothering you?No. ，I like you to accompany me.AIn a nutshell BOn the other handCIn the end DOn the contrary答案D解析句意为：我打扰到你了吗？不，相反，我喜欢你陪着我。on the contrary相反，符合句意。in a nutshell简单地；on the other hand另一方面；in the end最后。17It is widely believed that has necessary good qualities is more to ac
43、hieve success in their career.(2017江都中学、省扬中、省溧中高一联考) Awhoever；possible Bwho；likelyCwho；possible Dwhoever；likely答案D解析句意为：人们普遍认为，无论谁具备了必要的优良品质都有可能在工作中获得成功。主语be likely to do sth.很可能做某事；possible和probable必须用it作形式主语。根据题意选D。18To make the Chinese obey them，the Japanese invaders a scorchedearth policy，destro
44、ying villages and burning crops as well as butchering people in mass.AemployedBprovidedCsupplied Drelied 答案A解析句意为：为了让中国人服从他们，日本侵略者采取了“焦土政策”，摧毁村庄和焚烧庄稼，同时屠杀人民群众。employ使用，利用；provide提供；supply提供，满足；rely依靠，依赖。根据题意选A。19Staying one day in a Shangrila Hotel costs renting a house in my hometown for a month.At
45、hree times the price ofBas much as three timesCas many three times asDthe three times price of答案A解析句意为：在香格里拉酒店住一天的花费是在我的家乡租房一个月的三倍。考查倍数表达法，倍数the名词of。故选A。20Was it because Jack came late for school Mr Smith got angry?Yes.He almost missed the class.(2018宿迁高一期中)Awhy BwhoCwhere Dthat答案D解析句意为：是因为杰克上学迟到史密斯
46、先生才生气的吗？去掉Was it和空格处，剩余的部分仍是一个完整的句子，由此判断该句是强调句型，被强调部分是because引导的状语从句。原句可还原为Mr Smith got angry because Jack came late for school.。故选D。.微写作写作素材(关于残疾人)1现在很多志愿者举行各种各样的活动去帮助残疾人。2他们希望他们的行为能吸引更多的人。3他们也希望更多的公司会雇用残疾人。4与此同时，残疾人也对他们的帮助表示感激。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。补全短文Now many 21.volunteers hold all kinds of activities
47、 to 22.aid people with 23.disability.They hope their actions will 24.attract more people and that more companies will 25.employ the disabled.At the same time，the disabled 26.are grateful to them for their help.单项填空1Studies show that women are more to suffer from backache because they often bend to d
48、o housework or take care of babies.Alikely BpossibleCprobable Dcertain答案A解析句意为：研究表明，妇女更有可能患背疼，因为她们经常弯腰做家务或照顾孩子。主语be likely to do sth.很可能做某事；possible和probable必须用it作形式主语；certain肯定的，有把握的。根据题意选A。2Dad，there is a snake at the gate crawling this way!Dont ，boy；theres no danger.Aafraid BfrightenCterrify Dpan
49、ic答案D解析afraid是形容词，前面应加be；frighten和terrify改为be frightened/terrified也正确；panic惊慌，可作动词，符合题意。答语句意为：不要惊慌，孩子，没有危险。3It is important for us to a word or a phrase according to the situations in language studies.Aemploy BreferCmake Darrange答案A解析句意为：在语言学习的过程中，根据语境使用单词或短语对我们来说非常重要。employ此处相当于make use of，意为“利用，使用
50、”，其余三项均无此用法。4They like living in the country，because it is far from the noise and crowds of the city. ，in the country the air is fresher，which is very good for their health.(2018泰州高一期中)AAs a result BOn the contraryCIn conclusion DWhat is more答案D解析句意为： 他们喜欢住在乡村，因为它远离城市的喧嚣和拥挤。更重要的是，乡村的空气更清新，对他们的健康非常有好
51、处。as a result结果；on the contrary相反；in conclusion总之；whats more而且，更重要的是。5My young sister was always and careful while I would get excited and upset by the slightest thing.Asilent BcalmCquiet Dstill答案B解析句意为：我妹妹总是冷静、细心，而我很容易为一点小事变得激动不安。calm冷静的，镇静的，符合语境。6Paper produced every year is the worlds production
52、of vehicles.Athe three times weight ofBthree times the weight ofCas three times heavy asDthree times as heavier as答案B解析考查倍数的表达法。句意为：每年生产纸张的重量是全世界生产的车辆的三倍。倍数as形容词或副词的原级as，故D项不符；倍数the size/length/weight/.of，根据题意选B。7 made Daisy wild with joy?Her success in the Alevel exam this year.(2018射阳二中高一期中)AHow w
53、as it that BWhen was it thatCWhy was it that DWhat was it that答案D解析考查强调句式的特殊疑问句形式。此处强调主语成分，而答语“Her success in the Alevel exam this year.”作主语，相当于问句中的what。8Hainan attracts a lot of tourists every year.Warm sunshine and soft sands make it is.(2017徐州一中高一阶段检测)Awhat BwhereChow Dwhich答案A解析考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：海南
54、每年吸引许多游客。温暖的阳光和柔软的沙滩构成这一美景。what在从句中作表语。故选A。9Im so to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.Aspecial BsuperiorCgrateful Dattractive答案C解析考查形容词辨析。句意为：我非常感激所有的志愿者，因为他们帮我愉快地结束了糟糕的一天。special特殊的；superior优越的，超过；attractive有吸引力的；grateful感激的，符合句意。故选C。10 left before the deadline，i
55、t seems that we will finish the task on time.(2018无锡江阴四校高一期中)ABecause so much time；likelyBAs so many time；possibleCThough a lot of time；possibleDWith a lot of time；likely答案D解析第一空 many 不能修饰time，排除B项；A、C两项都不能构成句子；D项构成with复合结构作状语。第二空是it seems likely that. sb.seems likely to do sth.某人可能。故选D项。.阅读理解AYou e
56、ither have it or you donta sense of direction，that is.But why is it that some people could find their way across the Sahara without a map，while others can lose themselves in the next street?Scientists say were all born with a sense of direction，but it is not properly understood how it works.One theo
57、ry is that people with a good sense of direction have simply worked harder at developing it.Research being carried out at Liverpool University supports this idea and suggests that if we dont use it，we will lose it.“Children as young as seven have the ability to find their way around，” says Jim Martl
58、and，Research Director of the project.“However，if they are not allowed out alone or are taken everywhere by car，they never develop the skills.”Jim Martland also emphasizes that young people should be taught certain skills to improve their sense of direction.He makes the following suggestions：If you a
59、re using a map，turn it so it relates to the way you are facing.If you leave your bike in a strange place，put it near something like a big stone or a tree.Note landmarks on the route as you go away from your bike.When you return，go back along the same route.Simplify the way of finding your direction
60、by using lines such as streets in a town，streams，or walls in the countryside to guide you.Count your steps so that you know how far you have gone and note any landmarks such as tower blocks or hills which can help to find out where you are.语篇解读本文讲述了人们与生俱来的方向感的问题，并就如何提高辨别方向的能力提出了几点建议。11Scientists bel
61、ieve that .Asome babies are born with a sense of directionBpeople learn a sense of direction as they grow olderCpeople never lose their sense of directionDeverybody has a sense of direction from birth答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Scientists say were all born with a sense of direction.”可知，科学家认为我们生来就有方向感。12What
62、 is TRUE of sevenyearold children according to the passage?AThey never have a sense of direction without maps.BThey should never be allowed out alone if they lack a sense of direction.CThey have a sense of direction and can find their way around.DThey can develop a good sense of direction if they ar
63、e driven around in a car.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Children as young as seven have the ability to find their way around.”可知，七岁的孩子就有能力找到回家的路。故选C项。13If you leave your bike in a strange place，you should .Atie it to a tree so as to prevent it from being stolenBdraw a map of the route to help remember where it
64、 isCavoid taking the same route when you come back to itDremember something easily recognizable on the route答案D解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后两句“Note landmarks on the route as you go away from your bike.When you return，go back along the same route.”可知，记住一些地标建筑会有助于找到方向。14According to the passage，the best way to fi
65、nd your way around is to .Aask policemen for directionsBuse walls，streams，and streets to guide yourselfCremember your route by looking out for steps and stairsDcount the number of landmarks that you see答案B解析细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Simplify the way of finding your direction by using lines such as streets in
66、a town，streams，or walls in the countryside to guide you.”可知答案。B(2018泰州姜堰高一期中)“Good leaders surround themselves with team members who are smarter than they are，” experts say.They dont let their ego(自尊) get in the way of choosing the best people for the job.And the same might be true of happy people，t
67、oo.According to a new study published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin，happy people are less influenced by social comparison when deciding who to spend time with.Like good leaders，they arent deterred from being around people who might seem smarter than them，and they reap the benefits of
68、 good company.In a series of studies，researchers invited Korean undergraduates to imagine they got a mediocre(中等的) score on a test.Next，they envisioned receiving a text message from a friend，who either performed better on the test and had a happy disposition(性格)，or performed worse and was generally
69、unhappy.Participants then reported whether they wanted to hang out with that friend，and what their mood would be after spending time with them.The happy participantsthose who scored highest on their general levels of happinesswere more interested in spending time with the happy yet “superior” friend
70、，and expected to be more chipper afterward.The unhappy participants showed no preference for either friend.It seems like happy people arent troubled by seeming to do worse than friends，but could something else be going on？The researchers conducted another study to tease out(深入挖掘出) the role of selfes
71、teem，which could be the true influencer：Perhaps people high in selfesteemwho tend to be happydont feel intimidated(受到威胁的) by their superiors，and that confidence is what actually protects us from unfavorable social comparison.Yet again，even after controlling for selfesteem，the results held：Happy peop
72、le were more willing to socialize with happybutsmarter friends，while unhappy people showed no preference.The participants this time were American，extending the findings to a second culture.Underlying these studies is the notion(观念) that spending time with the happy friend is the better decisiona not
73、ion that might be difficult to hear if we ourselves are the unhappy friend，but one that research nonetheless supports.“Happy people，” says the research，“are more helpful，more generous，and more cooperative”. They judge their friends more favorably and tend to be more sociable and attentive.For this r
74、eason，the researchers suggest that choosing to spend time around happy and highperforming companions is one of the ways that happy people stay happy.Of course，theres another way of seeing the results：We can cultivate awareness of our natural preference for happy people，and deliberately make an effor
75、t to hang out with them，which could help us over the long fun.15The underlined word “deterred” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “ ”Awarned BadvocatedCconfirmed Dprevented答案D解析词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Like good leaders，they arent deterred from being around people who might seem smarter than them，and the
76、y reap the benefits of good company.”可知，“deterred”意为“阻止、避免”。故选D。16The experiment with the American students shows that .Ahappy participants like to feel superiorBpeople with the same feelings like to hang out togetherCunhappy people prefer neither happy nor unhappy friendsDits selfesteem that makes happy people choose happy companions答案C解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Happy people were more willing to socialize with happybutsmarter friends，while unhappy people showed no preference.”可知，美国学生的实验表明不快乐的人不喜欢快乐的朋友也不喜欢不快乐的朋友。故选C。
