1、专题一 阅读理解 第二讲 细节理解题(2020高考全国卷A)Train InformationAll customers travelling on TransLink services must be inpossession of a valid ticket before boarding.For ticket information，please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run asscheduled，ther
2、e can be no guarantee of connections between trainsor between train services and bus services.Lost property(失物招领)Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for itemslost on Queensland Rail services.The lost property office is openMonday to Friday 7：30 am to 5：00 pm and is located(位于)atRoma
3、 Street station.Public holidaysOn public holidays,generally a Sunday timetable operates.Oncertain major event days，i.e.Australia Day,Anzac Day,sporting andcultural days,special additional services may operate.Christmas Dayservices operate to a Christmas Day timetable.Before travel pleasevisit .au or
4、 call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.Customers using mobility devicesMany stations have wheelchair access from the car park orentrancetothestationplatforms.Forassistance,pleasecallQueensland Rail on 13 16 17.Guardian trains(outbound)DepartOriginDestinationArrive6：42 pmAltandiVarsity Lakes7：37 pm7：29
5、pmCentralVarsity Lakes8：52 pm8：57 pmFortitude ValleyVarsity Lakes9：52 pm11：02 pmRoma StreetVarsity Lakes12：22 am语篇解读 主题：人与社会(社会服务)。话题：列车服务信息。本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了昆士兰铁路的票务信息、失物招领信息、公共假日安排、轮椅通道和列车班次信息等。21What would you do to get ticket information?ACall 13 16 17.BVisit .au.CAsk at the local station.DCheck th
6、e train schedule.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“For ticket information，please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.”可知，想要获得票务信息可以咨询当地车站。答案：C22At which station can you find the lost property office?AAltandi.BRoma Street.CVarsity Lakes.DFortitude Valley.解析：细节理解题。根据Lost property部分中的最后一句“Thelost property offi
7、ce.is located at Roma Street station.”可知，失物招领处位于Roma Street车站。答案：B23Which train would you take if you go from Central to VarsityLakes?A6：42 pm.B7：29 pm.C8：57 pm.D11：02 pm.解析：细节理解题。根据文中表格的第三行信息可知，从Central出发去Varsity Lakes需要乘坐晚上7：29的列车。答案：B文体链接应用文类阅读理解3年来全国卷9套卷中的阅读理解A篇都是应用文，内容涵盖活动信息、演出信息、书籍信息、景点介绍等。主题包
8、括文学艺术、社会文化和社会生活等。应用文阅读理解是送分题，一定要做到稳、准、快，保住基础分。1快速浏览知主题。快速浏览加粗字体的标题、小标题或加下划线的语句等重要信息，黑体词、插图、表格(2018高考全国卷A篇是表格)等，确定语篇信息。2速读题干，跳读并定位信息。阅读每一道题，根据题干定位关键词，在原文中找出答案或相关信息。3细读解题信息。根据查找的相关信息，对比选项仔细分析后确定答案。一、题型特点细节理解题的命题方式：1特殊疑问句形式。以what,who,when,where,which,howmuch/many等引出问题；2是非题。通常以true/false,not true/not fa
9、lse或except提问以及以“According to the passage”开头；3填空题。通常涉及与主题有关的事实和细节；4就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。细节理解题的选项特征：正确选项特征：1.同义替换。指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把lose ones job换成了be out of work。有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换了一下词性，如把important改成of importance；改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换。2.语言简化。把原文中的复杂语句进行简化，设置为答案。3.正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。干扰选项特征：1.张冠李戴。
10、是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。2.无中生有。符合常识，但不是文章的内容。3.曲解文意。与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。4.颠倒是非。在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。5.正误参半。部分正确，部分错误。二、方法技巧1直接信息题题型技法：直接信息题题干定位法 (2020高考全国卷C节选)Race walkers are conditioned athletes.The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50kilometer race walk,which is about five mil
11、es longer than the marathon.But the sports rules require that a race walkers knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact(接触)with the ground at all times.Its this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity,however,says Jaclyn Norberg,an assis
12、tant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem,Mass.28Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?AThey must run long distances.BThey are qualified for the marathon.CThey have to follow special rules.DThey are good at swinging their legs.解题步骤：第一步：审读题干抓关键，定位信息由题干中的conditioned ath
13、letes定位到本段。第二步：选项与原文逐一比对，确定正确选项根据该段第三句“But the sports rules require that a racewalkers knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and onefoot remain in contact with the ground at all times.”可知，竞走规则要求竞走运动员在摆动腿的大部分时间里膝盖要保持笔直，且始终要有一只脚与地面接触。正是这一特殊规则使得竞走运动员受到制约，故选C项。(2019高考全国卷B节选)For Canaan Elemen
14、tarys second grade in Patchogue，N.Y.，today is speech day，and right now its Chris Palaezs turn.The 8yearold is the joker of the class.With shining dark eyes，he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But hes nervous.“Im here to tell you today why you should.should.”Chris trips on t
15、he“ld，”a pronunciation difficulty for many nonnative English speakers.His teacher，Thomas Whaley，is next to him，whispering support.“.Vote for.me.”Except for some stumbles，Chris is doing amazingly well.When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion，Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.24
16、What made Chris nervous?ATelling a story.BMaking a speech.CTaking a test.DAnswering a question.解题步骤：第一步：审读题干抓关键，定位信息根据题干中的关键词nervous，迅速在文中找到第二段第一句“But hes nervous.”第二步：选项与原文逐一比对，确定正确选项通过第一步定位到第二段第一句，然后应到前文中找使他紧张的因素。根据第一段中的“.today is speech day，and right nowits Chris Palaezs turn.”和“.he seems like th
17、e kind of kid whowould enjoy public speaking.”可知，今天是演讲日，现在轮到了Chris，虽然他看起来像那种喜欢在公共场合讲话的孩子，但是他很紧张。由此可知，演讲使Chris紧张。A、C、D三项均曲解文意，因此答案为B项。(2019高考全国卷C节选)In a study describing the technology,the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word“touch”four times using the smart keyboard.Data collected from the d
18、evice could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed，with very low error rates.The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive，plasticlike parts.The team hopes to make it to market in the near future
19、.30What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?AItll be environmentfriendly.BItll reach consumers soon.CItll be made of plastics.DItll help speed up typing.解题步骤：第一步：审读题干抓关键，定位信息根据题干中的关键信息expect of the smart keyboard，可直接定位到本段的最后一句“The team hopes to make it to market in thenear future.”第二步：选项
20、与原文逐一比对，确定正确选项通过分析本段最后一句话可知，该团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场，故选B项。注意：题干中的expect与原文中的hope呼应，B项中的consumers与原文中的market呼应。再对比其他三个选项：A、D两项属于无中生有，C项最易选错，因为本段倒数第二句提到了“is mostly made of inexpensive，plasticlikeparts(智能键盘大部分是用廉价的、塑料类的零件做成的)”，有些考生可能会因为文中提到了plastic一词就想当然地选C项。这是考生常见的错误，只见树木，不见森林。2.间接信息题题型技法：间接信息题同义定位法 (2020
21、高考全国卷C节选)When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list,fur probably didnt cross your mind.But some ecologists and fashion(时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠)Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn h
22、ave showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles.“It sounds crazy to talk about guiltfree furunless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year，”says Cree McCree,project director of Righteous Fur.28What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans andBr
23、ooklyn?ATo promote guiltfree fur.BTo expand the fashion market.CTo introduce a new brand.DTo celebrate a winterholiday.解题步骤：第一步：寻找相关信息根 据 题 干 可 锁 定 文 章 第 一 段 中 的 相 关 信 息“But someecologists and fashion enthusiasts are trying to bring back the marketfor fur made from nutria.(但是一些生态学家和时尚爱好者正试图重建海狸鼠皮市场)
24、”以及第二段。第二步：对原文信息进行加工处理根据第一步找到的信息可知，新奥尔良和布鲁克林两地的时装秀就是想推广无罪恶感的皮草交易。故选A项。(2020高考全国卷D节选)I have a special place in my heart for libraries.I have for as long as I can remember.I was always an enthusiastic reader,sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child.Stories were like air to me and while oth
25、er kids played ball or went to parties,I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.32Which word best describes the authors relationship with booksas a child?ACooperative.BUneasy.CInseparable.DCasual.解题步骤：第一步：寻找相关信息根 据 题 干 可 锁 定 文 章 中 的 相 关 信 息“I was always anenthusiastic
26、reader，sometimes reading up to three books a day as achild.Stories were like air to me.”第二步：对原文信息进行加工处理根据第一步找到的信息可知，儿童时代的作者对阅读很“热衷”(enthusiastic)。cooperative合作的；uneasy不自在的；casual随意的。而与enthusiastic意思相近的是C项：inseparable(不可分割的，不可分离的)。故选C项。(2019高考全国卷 C节选)The trend，then，wastoward the“penny paper”a term re
27、ferring to papers made widelyavailable to the public.It meant any inexpensive newspaper；perhapsmore importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in singlecopies on the street.30Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?ALocal politicians.BCommon people.CYoung publishers.DRich busi
28、nessmen.解题步骤：第一步：寻找相关信息根据题干可锁定文章中的相关信息“The trend，then，wastoward the penny papera term referring to papers made widelyavailable to the public.”第二步：对原文信息进行加工处理根据第一步找到的信息可知，报纸发展的新趋势的目标读者是大众“the public”，这与选项中的common people是同义，故正确答案为B。3.数字计算题题型技法：数字计算题查读分析法 (2018高考全国卷C节选)At present,the world has about 6,
29、800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages,often spoken by many people,while hot,wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400；and
30、Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200，of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000，which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.30How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people atpresent?AAbout 6
31、,800.BAbout 3,400.CAbout 2,400.DAbout 1,200.解题步骤：第一步：寻找相关信息文章中的相关信息为“The median number of speakers is amere 6,000，which means that half the worlds languages are spokenby fewer people than that.”以及本段第一句“At present，theworld has about 6,800 languages.”。第二步：对原文信息进行加工处理根据第一步找到的信息可知，目前世界上有大约6 800种语言，一半的语言
32、的使用人数少于6 000，也就是说有大约3 400种语言的使用人数少于6 000。故选B项。(2018高考全国卷A节选)Visitor InformationHow to Get to HolkerByCar：FollowbrownsignsonA590fromJ36，M6.Approximate travel times:Windermere20 minutes,Kendal25minutes,Lancaster45 minutes,Manchester1 hour 30 minutes.By Rail:the nearest station is CarkinCartmel with tr
33、ains toCarnforth，Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities&airports.21How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker fromManchester?A20 minutes.B25 minutes.C45 minutes.D90 minutes.解题步骤：第一步：寻找相关信息文章中的相关信息“By Car:Follow brown signs on A590from J36，M6.Approximate travel times:W
34、indermere20 minutes，Kendal25 minutes，Lancaster45 minutes，Manchester1 hour 30minutes.”第二步：对原文信息进行加工处理根据第一步找到的信息可知，游客从Manchester开车到Holker大约用一个半小时，也就是90分钟。故选D项。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A(2020安徽省五校联考)The city of Amsterdam is one of thebest preserved in all of Europe.When visiting this remark
35、able city,you tend to forget your troubles just for a moment.With this travelguide,you will be able to discover the real Amsterdam.Best Time to Visit AmsterdamTo see the tulip(郁金香)flowers you can visit from midApril toearly May.For the New Years celebration,therere a lot of partiesgoing on then.Howe
36、ver,if you want to enjoy a quieter and morerelaxing Amsterdam,visit from October to March.Getting Around AmsterdamYou can rent a bike to go wherever you want to go.Publictransportation is also convenient.You can get a chip card for about$9.What You Should Know Before Visiting AmsterdamPlan ahead sin
37、ce most of the attractions are usually busy and becareful with your wallets as the city is wellknown for pickpockets.Also be cautious when you are buying something in the markets.The Best of AmsterdamRijks MuseumThis museum is one of the finest in the world.Make sure youarrive before 10 am.to avoid
38、big crowds.Vondel ParkIf you are looking forward to relaxing and enjoying some peaceand quiet,make a trip to this top choice park in the city.Van Gogh MuseumThe Van Gogh Museum is very fascinating;you will definitelybe moved as you see Vincent van Goghs life and how he developedthrough art.ADAM Towe
39、rIf you want to get the inspiring views of Amsterdam,take the liftto the top of this tower.You can also climb aboard the giant four-person swing for some fun rides.语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了阿姆斯特丹，包括其最佳旅游时间、交通、注意事项及值得一游的景点。1In which month can visitors feel more at ease in Amsterdam?AJune.BJuly.CSeptember.DN
40、ovember.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段尾句“However,if you want toenjoy a quieter and more relaxing Amsterdam,visit from October toMarch.”可知，如果你想享受更安静、更令人放松的阿姆斯特丹，建议在10月到3月期间来参观。D项“11月”在此时间范围内，故D项正确。答案：D2What is the purpose of the part“What You Should Know BeforeVisiting Amsterdam”？AProviding help.BGiving warnings.CEx
41、plaining situations.DExpressing disappointment.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的内容尤其是“be careful withyour wallets as the city is wellknown for pickpockets.”可知，要小心你的钱包，因为这座城市以扒手闻名。据此可推知，该部分旨在给出警告，故B项正确。答案：B3Where should you go to get a birdseye view of Amsterdam?ARijks Museum.BVondel Park.CVan Gogh Museum.DADAM Tower.
42、解析：细节理解题。根据尾段第一句“If you want to get theinspiring views of Amsterdam,take the lift to the top of this tower.”可知，如果想要鸟瞰阿姆斯特丹，可以去ADAM Tower，故D项正确。答案：DB(2020 潍坊统考)When traveling on a budget,every dollarcounts.Unfortunately,the cost of tickets alone can make a serioushole in your savings.Dont let that st
43、op you from taking your dreamvacation,though.According to Jeff Klee,CEO of CheapA,there is a“sweet spot”to get the biggest bang for your buck.“The most important rule is fairly obvious:dont wait until thelast minute,as that rarely works out，”he said in a statement.“Butbeyond that,you also want to be
44、 careful not to buy too early.”Still,thats easier said than done.Finding the most costefficienttime to book is tough.Luckily,somebody did the mathso you donthave to.Data crunchers from the online travel agency CheapAsurveyed over 917 million fares to determine the day with thecheapest rates.Heres wh
45、at they found:while prices tend to stay the same between 320 and 106 days before a trip,they start dropping at the 105day mark.That said,you might be tempted to book the moment prices drop.But hold on!Youll save even more money by booking precisely 70 days before your trip.According to CheapA,you ca
46、n save 48 percent of the tickets total cost by using this trick.After that date,airfares will begin to increase again.And dont even think about booking any later than 20 days ahead of time,as prices will be soaring.So,what are you waiting for?Start planning your next dreamvacation,and book according
47、ly.Your wallet will thank youguaranteed.语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文，介绍了购买便宜飞机票的方法和策略。4When can we book our plane tickets to save the most money?AThe later,the better.BAs early as possible.C105 days before our trip.D70 days before our trip.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的内容尤其是第四句“Youllsave even more money by booking precisely 70 d
48、ays before your trip.”可知，旅行前70天预订机票节省的钱最多，故选D。答案：D5How much can the trick help us save if the ticket costs$400totally?A$48.B$192.C$208.D$352.解 析：数 字 计 算 题。根 据 第 四 段 第 五 句“According toCheapA,you can save 48 percent of the tickets total cost byusing this trick.”，并结合题干可知，原价是400美元的飞机票总共可以节省：$192。答案：B6Wh
49、ats the purpose of the author in writing this text?ATo explain what a“sweet spot”is.BTo attract people to trave by plane.CTo show the ways of booking plane tickets.DTo tell people how to buy cheap plane tickets.解析：写作意图题。根据第一段第一句“When traveling on abudget,every dollar counts.”和本文的整体理解可推知，本文的主要目的在于介绍购买便宜飞机票的策略和方法，故选D。答案：D