1、高考精品真题重组练 三 限时40分钟.阅读理解Passage 1(2020全国卷D)The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research.Recent studies have found positive effects.A study conducted in Youngstown,Ohio,for example,discovered that greener areas ofthe city experienced less crime.In another,e
2、mployees were shown to be 15%more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step furtherchanging the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse,even unusual functions.These
3、 include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.“Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we useevery day,”explained Michael Strano,a professor of
4、 chemical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables.Stranos team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours.The light,about one-thousandth of theamount needed to read by,is just a start.The tec
5、hnology,Strano said,could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.In the future,the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plants lifetime.The engineers are als
6、o trying to develop an on and off“switch”where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the US.Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highw
7、ay a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了科学家运用高科技改造绿色 植物从而达到节能减排的科学探索。1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.A new study of different plants.B.A big fall in crime rates.C.Employees from vari
8、ous workplaces.D.Benefits from green plants.【解析】选D。段落大意题。根据第一段最后两句“例如,在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现,城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中发现,员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰后,他们的工作效率会提高15%。”可知,本段主要介绍绿色植物的益处。故选D。2.What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers?A.To detect plants lack of water.B.To change composition
9、s of plants.C.To make the life of plants longer.D.To test chemicals in plants.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“其中包括在植物的叶子上印上传感器以显示植物的缺水情况,还有可以检测地下水中的有害化学物质的植物。”可知选A。3.What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?A.They will speed up energy production.B.They may transmit electricity to the home.C.They
10、 might help reduce energy consumption.D.They could take the place of power plants.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“发光的植物可以缩短这个距离,从而帮助节约能源。”可知这种发光的植物在将来可能会有助于节约能源。4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Can we grow more glowing plants?B.How do we live with glowing plants?C.Could glowing
11、plants replace lamps?D.How are glowing plants made pollution-free?【解析】选C。标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院的科研团队的研究:利用特殊的装置让植物发光来照亮房间或把树变成会发光的路灯,以此来节约和利用能源。故“发光的植物能代替灯吗?”为最佳标题。Passage 2(全国丙卷C)After years of heated debate,gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park.Fourteen wolves were caught in Cana
12、da and transported to the park.By last year,the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States,but they were gradually displaced by human development.By the 1920s,wolves had pra
13、ctically disappeared fromtheYellowstone area.They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada,where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results.Deer and elk populations major food sources(来源)for the wolfgrew rapidly.Theseanimals consumed large am
14、ounts of vegetation(植被),which reduced plant diversity in the park.In the absence of wolves,coyote populations also grew quickly.The coyotes killed a large percentage of the parks red foxes,and completely drove away the parks beavers.As early as 1966,biologists asked the government to consider reintr
15、oducing wolves to Yellowstone Park.They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems.Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves.The
16、U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages thewolf packs in Yellowstone.Today,the debate continues over how well thegraywolf is fitting in at Yellowstone.Elk,deer,and coyote populations are down,while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback.The Yellowstone wolf project has been
17、a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whethe toreintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,介绍了由于灰狼在美国黄石公园和美国大陆 数量的减少,给当地环境带来的一系列的影响,以及人们针对此问题所做出的 努力。5.What is the text mainly about?A.Wildlife research in the United States.B.Plant diversity in the Yellowstone are
18、a.C.The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.D.The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章的主要内容是灰狼在美国黄石公园和美国大陆数量减少,给当地环境带来了一系列的影响,人们为此想通过种种努力增加灰狼的数量以改善环境,故答案为D。6.What does the underlined word“displaced”in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Tested.B.Separated.C.Forced out.D.Tracked do
19、wn.【解析】选C。词义猜测题。前句说明在黄石公园和美国很多地区曾有许多的灰狼,连词but转折了句子意义,由此可推断出此句意为人类的发展逐渐地使灰狼“离开,排出,挤出”,故选择C项。A项意为“测试”;B项意为“分离,隔开”;C项意为“强迫离开”;D项意为“跟踪,追踪”。7.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?A.Damage to local ecology.B.A decline in the parks income.C.Preservation of vegetation.D.An increase in the v
20、ariety of animals.【解析】选A。推理判断题。由第三段内容可知,灰狼的消失带来很多意想不到的后果:鹿和驼鹿数量急剧增长,它们消耗大量的植被,这使黄石公园地区的植物多样性减少;灰狼消失使数量急剧增长的郊狼弄死公园地区大量的赤狐,并且彻底驱走这里的海狸。所有这一切都对当地的生态造成极大的危害,故答案为A。8.What is the authors attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.【解析】选B。观点态度题。由末段的尾句The Ye
21、llowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.可知,作者认为这是一个“有价值的、重要的实验(a valuable experiment)”,可以帮助生物学家决定是否将灰狼重新引进到美国其他地区,故可推断出作者对此持肯定的、积极的态度。A项意为“怀疑的”;B项意为“肯定的,积极的”;C项意为“反对的,不赞成的”;D项意为“漠不关心的”。.完形填空(全
22、国卷)A man who knows how to write a personal letter has a very powerful tool.A letter can be enjoyed,read and 1.It can set up a warm conversation between two people far apart(远离的);it can keep a 2 with very little effort.I will give 3.A few years ago my older brother and I were not getting 4.We had bee
23、n close as 5 but had grown apart.Our meetings were not 6;our conversation was filled with arguments and quarrels;and every effort to clear the air seemed to only 7 our misunderstanding.Then he 8 a small island in the Caribbean and we 9 touch.One day he wrote me a letter.He described his island and i
24、ts people,told me what he was doing,said how he felt,and encouraged me to 10.Rereading the letter,I was 11 by its humor(幽默)and clever expressions.These were all qualities for which I had 12 respected my older brother but 13 he no longer had them.I had neverknown he could write so 14.And with that on
25、e letter we became friends 15.It might never have occurred to 16 to write me if he had not been in a place where there were no 17.For him,writing was a necessity.It also turned out to be the best way for us to get back in touch.Because we live in an age of 18 communication(通讯),people often 19 that t
26、hey dont always have to phone or email.They have a 20.And that is to write.【文章大意】这是一篇议论文,通过描述作者与哥哥的交往变化来阐述书信在 交流中的重要性。1.A.received B.rewrittenC.returnedD.reread【解析】选D。此处指一封信可以被欣赏、被读然后再被读几遍。故选D。2.A.recordB.promiseC.friendshipD.secret【解析】选C。keep a record“记录”,keep a promise“遵守诺言”,keep a friendship“保持友谊
27、”,keep a secret“保守秘密”。根据上下文可知此处指信件可以不很费力就能保持两人的友谊。3.A.an exampleB.a lessonC.an experienceD.a talk【解析】选A。give an example“举例”,give a lesson“上课”,give an experience“体验一次”,give a talk“作报告”。根据下文的内容可知此处作者给我们举了个例子。故选A。4.A.throughB.togetherC.alongD.away【解析】选C。get through“完成,打通电话”,get together“聚会”,get along“进
28、展,相处”,get away“离开”。根据下文可知作者与他的哥哥几年前相处得不好。故此处选C。5.A.brothersB.childrenC.fellowsD.classmates【解析】选B。根据空后面的but had grown apart可知小时候两个人很亲密。所以选B。6.A.normalB.necessaryC.pleasantD.possible【解析】选C。根据后面的our conversation was filled with arguments and quarrels可知此处指我们的见面都是不愉快的。故选C。7.A.deepenB.startC.expressD.sett
29、le【解析】选A。句意:我们努力想消除我们之间的误会,但每一次的努力却加深了误解。此处clear the air表示“消除(误会、紧张、猜疑气氛),deepen表示“加深”。8.A.touredB.stoppedC.reachedD.moved to【解析】选D。根据下文的It might never have occurred to_to write me if he had not been in a place where there were no_.可知作者的哥哥是住在了一个没有现代通讯的岛上。而不是去旅游。故选D。9.A.lostB.kept inC.neededD.got in【
30、解析】选A。lose touch“失去联系”,keep in touch“保持联系”,need touch“需要联系”,get in touch“取得联系”。根据上下文可知作者的哥哥去了一个没有现代通讯的小岛,两人失去了联系。另外。根据下文的It also turned out to be the best way for us to get back in touch.也可推知答案是A。10.A.think B.write C.enjoy D.read【解析】选B。根据上下文可知此处指哥哥鼓励作者给他写信。11.A.drivenB.beatenC.surprisedD.honored【解析】
31、选C。句意:再读这封信,信中的幽默以及聪明的表达使我感到吃惊。根据后面一句也可知作者认为他的哥哥现在没有这种幽默了,而这种幽默仍在,所以作者很吃惊。12.A.neverB.seldomC.sometimesD.once【解析】选D。once在此表示“曾经”。指作者曾经因为哥哥的幽默而尊敬他。13.A.realizedB.judgedC.thoughtD.expected【解析】选C。此处空前面省略了I。句意是:我认为他已经不再幽默了。14.A.wellB.oftenC.muchD.soon【解析】选A。根据上文的Rereading the letter,I was_by its humor a
32、nd clever expressions.可知作者从来不知道他的哥哥会写这么好的信。故选A。15.A.laterB.anyhowC.tooD.again【解析】选D。由上下文可知我们又成为了好朋友。16.A.usB.anyoneC.someoneD.my brother【解析】选D。根据上下文可知此处指哥哥可能不会想到给我写信。It occurred to sb.to do sth.表示某人突然想起做某事。17.A.mail servicesB.transport services C.phonesD.relative【解析】选C。根据下一句For him,writing was a nec
33、essity.以及下文的Because we live in an age of_communication,people often_ that they dont always have to phone or email.可知哥哥住的小岛上没有电话。18.A.poorB.easyC.popularD.busy【解析】选B。根据下文中提到的phone 和e-mail可知我们生活在通讯便捷的时代。19.A.believeB.decideC.argueD.forget【解析】选D。因为我们生活在通讯便捷的时代,人们通常忘记他们并不总是需要打电话或发电子邮件。20.A.habit B.choic
34、eC.methodD.plan【解析】选C。根据最后一句And that is to write.可知作者想表达除了打电话或发电子邮件,还有一种联系方式,那就是写信。method 表示“方法”。.书面表达(浙江卷)假定你是李华,计划组织一次郊游,请给你的英国朋友Chris写封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括:1.参加者;2.时间、地点;3.活动:登山、野餐等。注意:1.词数80个左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。_【参考范文】Dear Chris,How are you doing?I have been organizing a one-day summer camp in Green Hi
35、ll this Saturday.As planned,we will be leaving by bus at 7 am at theschool gate.About 2 hours will be spent climbing the mountain.After that wewill have a picnic by the lake at the foot of the mountain.Up till now,3 boys and 4 girls have joined the team.I do hope that you could join us because Green Hill is such a fun place to relax and surely we will have a great time.Looking forward to hearing from you.Your friend,Li Hua