1、【专题十】特殊句式与交际用语【考情分析】特殊句式1对于感叹句、祈使句、反意疑问句和否定句的考查主要从以下几个方面进行：(1)感叹句的考查要点是what与how引导的感叹句作为宾语从句出现在试题中，其难点有两方面：一是复数名词或不可数名词前面用what还是how；二是感叹句的语序。(2)祈使句的主要考点是：根据句式特点判断是祈使分句还是状语成分；祈使句and/or结果分句。(3)反意疑问句主要考查主从复合句和并列句后面的反意疑问句。(4)否定句的考查主要是对于部分否定句的辨认。2对省略句的考查主要从以下几个方面进行：(1)省略主语、主语和谓语、主语和谓语的一部分；(2)不定式符号to的省略；(3
2、)状语从句中主语和谓语动词部分的省略；(4)不定式中动词的省略；(5)not，so，neither，nor的“替代性”省略。3对倒装句的考查主要从以下几个方面入手：(1)含有否定意味的词置于句首时，部分倒装；(2)only状语位于句首时，部分倒装；(3)so/such.that句型中，so/such位于句首时，so/such后的主句倒装，that从句不倒装。4对主谓一致的考查重点是：(1)主语as well as/together with名词/代词；(2)not only.but(also).，neither.nor.，either.or.连接两个主语；(3)means，works等词汇作主
3、语。5强调句型的考查重点是：（1）考查强调句式的基本结构（2）考查含有“notuntil”句型的强调句式（3）考查强调句式的疑问句（4）考查强调句式的正确判断交际用语情景交际是高考必考内容，主要包括习惯应答类和语言结构类两种交际用语。前者要求考生掌握一些常见的诸如打电话、问路、购物等交际话题的固定套语，以及表示感谢、道歉、请求等的应答用语。对于这类题目，考生要遵循英美人的语言习惯进行选择。后者则要求考生依据对话情景和所掌握的正确的交际用语作出选择。此类交际用语以习惯用法和变异句，如省略句居多，考生要注意积累和识记。【知识归纳】特殊句式考点一 倒装句1全部倒装在全部倒装的句子中，要把整个谓语放在
4、主语的前面去而构成倒装语序。(1)当there, here, then, now等副词在句首，且谓语是come, go, be等动词时，句子一般要全部倒装。其意义在于引起他人的注意。如果这类句子的主语是代词，则不用写成倒装句。如：Now, here goes the story.这个故事是这样的。 Look, there comes the taxi.瞧，出租车过来了。Then came another question.然后又一个问题提出来了。(2)表示方向或位置的副词或介词短语放到句首，该句要用全部倒装。如：High up into the sky went the kite.风筝高高地飞
5、向天空。2部分倒装在部分倒装的句子中，只把谓语的一部分(如情态动词、助动词、或是系动词be)放到主语的前面去，构成倒装语序。 (1)为了避免句子部分内容不必要的重复，常用“so be动词(助动词、情态动词)主语”或“neither / nor be动词(助动词、情态动词)主语”的倒装句式。其中第一个句式表示“与前面所述的肯定情况相同”， 第二个句式表示“与前面所述的否定情况相同”。例如：His brother is a college student; so is mine.他弟弟是大学生，我弟弟也是。His brother is not a college student; nor is m
6、ine.他弟弟不是大学生，我弟弟也不是。(2)具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时(除否定词修饰主语外)，句子一般要写成部分倒装句。这类词或短语常见的有：not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, by no means, under no conditionscircumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner. (than), hardly. (when), not only .(but also), not until.，等等。如：Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone
7、 knocking at the door.她还没来得及坐下来，就听见有人敲门。Not until twelve oclock did he go to bed last night.他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。(3)当so.that, such.that中的so.和such.放在句首时，句子一般要倒装。如：So serious was the situation that everybody faced a test.形势如此地严峻，每个人都面临着一场考验。(4)only修饰的状语放到句首，主句要形成部分倒装。如：Only in this way can you come up with a
8、solution to the problem.只有这样，你才有可能想出解决这个问题的办法。 考点二 强调句一、强调句基本结构1、陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分。强调句可以强调除谓语以外的一切成分。下面我们针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。强调主语：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. 强调宾语：It was Li M
9、ing that I met at the railway station yesterday.强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.2、一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。e.g. Was it yesterday that he met my old friend?3、特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ w
10、as + it + that/ who + 其它部分？e.g. When was it that you were born?我们需要注意的是：第一、构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, who不可省略。第二、Its.that/who.的强调句型只是为了强调某一成分，而不充当成分。所以它和It作形式主语，真正的主语从句后置的情况有所不同。 我们一起看下面两个例句:1.Itsnecessarythatweshouldlearnenglish.(主语从句)2.Itsnotuntilhegotoffthebusth
11、atherealizedhis money was stolen.(强调句型) 解析：因为强调句型中的Its.that/who.在句子中不充当任何成分。所以去掉后句子依然完整。例子2去掉Its.that/who.后就成了untilhegotoffthebusherealized his money was stolen.而例子1去掉后句子则不完整。二、not until 句型的强调句1、句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分e.g. 普通句：He didnt go to bed until/ till his son came back.强
12、调句：It was not until his son came back that he went to bed.2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。三、谓语动词的强调1、It is/ was that 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did。e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。Do be careful
13、when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！2、注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did ，没有别的形式；过去时用did ，后面的谓语动词用原形。考点三 省略句1在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as, if，unless，as if，though，as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语有be动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时，从句的主语和be动词常被省略Unless(I am) invited，I wont go to the party.除非被邀请，否则我是不会去参加那个派对的。When (you are) wo
14、rking，you must pay attention.上班时，你必须全神贯注。Get up early tomorrow，if not (you dont get up early)，you will miss the first bus.明天早点起床，如果不的话，你会错过早班车。2Im afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句，后面跟so与not分别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去Do you think it will rain?“你认为会下雨吗？”I hope not (that it will not rain)“我希望不下。”Do yo
15、u believe our team will win?“你相信我们队会赢吗？”I guess so.“我猜会赢。”3不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to (1)用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid，glad，happy，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等的后边。 I asked him to see the film，but he didnt want to. 我请他去看电影，但他不想去。 Will you join in the game?“你愿意加入做游戏吗
16、？” Id be glad to.“我很高兴加入。”(2)如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have been。Are you a sailor?“你是海员吗？”No，but I used to be.“不，但我过去是。”4What if句式。这一结构用来表达“要是/即使怎么办/怎么样”What if this plan of yours fails?要是你的计划失败了怎么办？考点四 主谓一致一、就近一致原则1由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最邻近的主语在单复数上
17、保持一致。Neither you nor I am fit for the work.你和我都不适合这份工作。Are neither you nor I fit for the work?你和我都不适合这份工作吗？【注意】“with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/no more than/besides/rather than名词”置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。Henry，rather than Jane and John，is responsible for the lo
18、ss.损失的责任应由亨利而不是由简和约翰来承担。2由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox.文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。二、意义一致原则 (一)谓语动词用单数的情况 1由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. 那个工人兼作家来自武汉。 2“no/each/every/many a单数名词andno/each/every/many a单数名词”作主语。Every man
19、and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。3非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。Persuading him to join us seems really hard.劝他加入我们看起来确实难。To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.早睡早起是一个好的习惯。Whatever was left was taken away.无论剩下了什么都被拿走了。【提醒】what引导
20、的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。What they need are books.他们需要的是书。(二)谓语动词用复数的情况1由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。Both bread and butter are sold out.面包和黄油都卖完了。2people，police，cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。People read for pleasure during their spare time.人们闲暇之余的阅读是为了消遣。交际用语考点一 感谢、道歉、祝愿和请求感谢、道歉、祝愿、请求等都有其固定的应答用
21、语，这些应答用语通常是高考考查的热点。对于这类题目，我们要紧紧遵循英语习惯进行作答。以下是常见的应答交际用语。1英语中常用于回答感谢的应答用语有：You are welcome./Dont mention it./It is my pleasure./Not at all./Thats all right.2常用于回答别人道歉的用语有：Never mind./It doesnt matter./Not at all./Thats all right.3常见的祝愿和祝贺用语有：Good luck！/Best wishes to you./Have a nice time./Wish you a
22、success (pleasant) journey./Congratulations！/Merry Christmas！/Happy birthday to you!而常用的应答用语有：Thank you./The same to you./You too.4接受请求或邀请的应答用语有：With pleasure./Im happy (glad) to./No problem./Good idea./Why not？拒绝请求或邀请的应答用语有：Sorry，but./Im afraid，but./Id rather you./Thank you，but.考点二 提供帮助和应答类交际用语1Wha
23、t can I do for you？/Can (Could) I help you (with the box)？/Would you like me to./Is there anything else I can do for you？/Do you want me to./Anything else I can do for you？/What else can I do for you？/Would you like some help？/Let me carry it for you，OK?2That is very kind.太谢谢了。3Thanks，that would be
24、nice(fine)/Its very kind of you./Thank you for your help.注意：接受帮助时不能说“Yes，you can/may.”4No，thanks (thank you)I can manage it myself./Thank you all the same./Its very kind of you，but I can manage it myself./Its all right.Thank you./No，its OK.Thank you.【注意】拒绝帮助时不能说“No，you cant.”，以免显得十分无礼。考点三 劝告和建议类交际用语
25、1Youd better (not).2Shall we./Why not.3What about/How about.4肯定回答常用Thats OK/all right；否定回答常用No，thanks或Sorry。【考点例析】1.Never before seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. 【2012江西卷】Ahad sheBshe hadChas sheDshe has1.C考查部分倒装。句首有关键词Never，否定词提前到句首，句子部分倒装。排除B,D。再根据句子时态，应用现在完成时，故选C。2. -I dont kno
26、w about you, but Im sick and tired of this weather. 【2012山东卷】 -_ I cant stand all this rain.A. I dont care B. Its hard to say C. So am I D. I hope not.2. C考查倒装句的用法。句意：-我不了解你。我讨厌这种天气。-我也是。我无法忍受整天下雨。当表示后者与前者具有相同特征的时候，后者用倒装的形式；肯定用so，否定用nor或neither构成。根据后面一句中的I cant stand all this rain可知，此处与上一句中的Im sick
27、and tired of the weather表达同样的感受，因此应该用So am I，表示“我也是”。故正确答案为C。3.Had they known what was coming next, they_second thoughts. 【2012浙江卷】A. may haveB. could haveC. must have had D. might have had3. D 考查虚拟语气中的情态动词。本句是一个倒装句，可还原为：if they had known what was coming next, they might have had second thought。根据ha
28、d known提示，可知是与过去事实相反，因此虚拟语气主句中应该用would/might +have done，由此可见答案D符合语境。4.There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _?【2012江苏卷】A. is thereB. isnt thereC. is heD. isnt he4.A 考查反义问句。根据前面there be 句里含有否定意义的词little，所以反意疑问句用肯定形式，其主谓应与陈述部分的主谓保持一致，故选A项。5.It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus
29、 crossed the Atlantic_ Zheng sailed to East Africa【2012重庆卷】A. when B. that C. after D. since5. B考查特殊句式强调句型。句子虽然比较长，但是其主干为强调句型，是对“80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic”进行了强调，由此可知，空白处应该填写“that”。因此，正确答案为B选项。6.Not until he retired from teaching three years ago,_having a holiday abroa
30、d. 【2012辽宁卷】A. he had considered B. had he considered C. he considered D. did he consider6.D 考查特殊句式倒装。Not until位于句首时句子要倒装，consider having a holiday abroad这个动作发生在retire之后，所以用一般过去时。7.The basketball coach, as well as his team , _interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. 【20
31、12陕西卷】A. were B. was C. is D. are7.B 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句子两个并列主语由as well as连接，所以主语中心词是the basketball coach，是单数，根据shortly after the match可以推断出题干时态是一般过去时，故选B。8.-Have you paid? Whats my share of the bill? - _. It wasnt very much. 【2012江西卷】ADont worry about it BIts my shareCNone of your business.DIts up to you
32、.8. A考查情景交际。句意为：”你付了钱吗?我的那份账单是多少?”,”不用担心,这不是很贵的.”选项A:不用担心。选项B：这是我的那份。C：不管你的事。D：这取决于你。故正确答案为A。9.Look, here comes your dream girl. Invite her to dance._What if she refuses me? 【2012重庆卷】A.I dont know B. Why me? C. With pleasure D. So what?9.A 考查交际用语。分析语境可知，对于是否邀请对方跳舞拿不定主意，害怕对方拒绝。在四个选项中，A选项符合语境。因此，正确答案为
33、A选项。10. Im terribly sorry to interrupt, but may I use your phone? Its rather urgent. Yes,_. 【2012辽宁卷】 A. with pleasure B. no burry C. it doesnt matter D. of course10.D 考查交际用语。由前面的Yes可知，第二个人同意对方用他的电话，所以用of course。学生可能会误选为A，with pleasure意为“乐意帮忙”而这个题是说对方当然可以用他的电话，所以with pleasure在这儿不合题意。【方法技巧】1.考前应认真研读高
34、考题目，了解高考题目的立意方向和设问风格，做到知彼知己，百战不殆。2.掌握几种特殊句式的基本式及其变式，高考的考查方向一向以实用为主，故可能会在长句中考查。建议大家从题型入手，仔细分析试题的内部结构，以不变应万变。3. 建议大家尽力在写作中灵活运用特殊句式来表达，对文章加以润色，增加文章“闪光点”，增长作文“得分点”。4. 复习交际用语时，建议大家仔细分析试题的具体语境；判断句子是感谢、建议、劝告、购物等类型，是正确作答的关键。【专题训练】1Who are making so much noise in the garden?_the children.A. It isB. They are
35、C. That is D. There are2. It is_he often fails in exams_makes his parents worried about him.A. what; that B. that; what C. that; that D. / ; that3. What she says and does_nothing to do with me.A. was B. were C. has D. have4. There_a dictionary and several books on the desk.A. are B. must C. have bee
36、n D. is5. No teacher and no student_.A. are admitted B. is admitted C. are admitting D. is admitting6_had the bell rung_the students took their seats.A. Hardly；when B. No sooner；when C. Hardly；than D. No sooner；then7_the baby fell asleep_the room.A. After；did the mother leave B. Not until；did the mo
37、ther leaveC. Not until；the mother left D. Soon after；the mother had left8It was_his mother came in_to prepare his lessons.A. not until；did the boy begin B. until；that the boy beganC. until；did the boy begin D. not until；that the boy began9.Wed say that never before_so moving a film as After Shock.Aw
38、e had seen Bhad we seen Cwe have seen Dhave we seen10Hey! Lucy! Have you heard about the optional courses this year?_What about that?ANot really BNot exactly CNot simply DNot nearly11.Mum，can I go out to play with Tom for just a while?_and do what you like.A. No way B. Go ahead C. It depends D. Dont
39、 worry12. “I hear Johnson was badly injured in the accident.” “_lets go and see him.”A. Whats more B. If so C. Where possible D. When necessary。 13.“Will you go skiing with me this winter vacation？” “It_.”A. all depend B. all depends C. is all depended D. is all depending14. There is going to be a fire drill this afternoon, _?A. is there B. is going there C. isnt there D. did there15. He must be our English teacher,_?A. must he B. doesnt he C. mustnt he D. isnt he【参考答案】1-5 ACCDB 6-10 ABDDA 11-15 BBBCD版权所有：高考资源网()版权所有：高考资源网()