1、Section Learning About Language（过去完成时的主动语态和被动语态）情境创设语法精讲教材链接（1）（教材P26）When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.（2）（教材P26）Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table w
2、ith the best food we had ever eaten.（3）（教材P26）A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend, and finally, we found it.（4）（教材P26）Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.观察并归纳：1. 例句（
3、1）和（2）的黑体部分为过去完成时，其构成为“ had+动词过去分词 ”，表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。2. 例句（3）和（4）的黑体部分为过去完成时的被动语态形式, 其构成为“ had+been+动词过去分词 ”，表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作。要点精析过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。. 基本结构：had+动词过去分词1. 肯定句：主语+had+动词过去分词+其他。He had already been to New York earlier in the week.本周早些时候他已经去过纽约。2. 否定句：主语+hadnt+动词过去
4、分词+其他。At that time we hadnt met her.那时我们还没有见到她。3. 一般疑问句：Had+主语+动词过去分词+其他？肯定回答：Yes，主语+had.否定回答：No，主语+hadnt.Had you visited here before?你以前参观过这里吗？Yes,I had./No,I hadnt.是，我来过。/没有, 我以前没有来过。4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+had+主语+过去分词+其他？Where had you been before you came here?你来这里前还去过哪儿？. 基本用法1. 表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也
5、可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。By nine oclock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚9点钟, 我们已经收到200张宇宙飞船发来的图片。2. 表示过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到另一时间，并且还有可能持续下去，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。误区警示1. 如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含 before 和 aft
6、er 的复合句中，因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.马克思到达英格兰之后，努力学习以提高他的英语水平。2. 过去完成时与现在完成时的用法区别：现在完成时表示相对于现在来说已完成的动作，过去完成时表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已完成的动作。We have cleaned this polluted river.我们已经净化了这条被污染了的河流。He said he had translated this book
7、 into Japanese.他说他已经把这本书译成了日语。. 特殊用法1. 动词 think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend 等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。We had hoped to be able to come and see you.我们本来希望能来看看你。2. 过去完成时还可用在 hardlywhen, no soonerthan, it was the first/s
8、econd/time （that）等固定句型中。Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他刚到就又走了。It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.这是他那一年第三次失业了。. 过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的结合。表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作，常与by, befo
9、re 等介词短语或时间状语从句连用。由 “had+been+动词过去分词” 构成。过去完成时的被动语态（动词以do为例）有以下三种形式：（1）肯定结构：主语+had been done+其他成分。（2）否定结构：主语+had not been done+其他成分。（3）疑问句结构：Had+主语+been done+其他成分？疑问词+had+主语+been done+其他成分？How many buildings had been destroyed when the earthquake ended?地震结束时有多少建筑物被毁？As the assignment had been done,
10、he went on to search the Internet.任务完成后，他继续上网搜索。The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.媒体报道有1,000多人在地震中丧生。实战演练.单句填空1. I wish she had taken （take）the medicine last night.2. He couldnt enter the house, for he had left （leave） his key at school.3. No sooner had he g
11、ot （get）home than I told him the inspiring news.4. We first met on a train in 2010. We both felt that we had known （know） each other for years.5. My classmate said he had given （give）the book to the English teacher.6. They had learnt （learn）about 2,000 English words by the end of last term.7. He sai
12、d he would go to see the play, although he had seen （see）it before.8. By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun （begin）to make a living by himself.9. The test question will be spoken just one time, you must listen very carefully in order to understand what the speaker has said （say）.10. Where did
13、you go on holiday?I had hoped （hope）to go to Hawaii, but I didnt catch the plane on time.完成句子1. 我一到家就发现我的夹克衫忘在操场上了。The moment I got home, I found I had left my jacket in the playground.2. 你寄包裹了吗？还没有，当我到那儿时邮局已经关门了。Have you sent the parcel?Not yet. The post office had already been closed when I got th
14、ere.3. 一听到我被允许参加这次活动的消息，我就马上告诉了母亲。Upon hearing the news that I had been allowed to take part in the activity, I informed my mum of it at once.4. 战争爆发时他在那儿住了半个世纪。He had lived there for half a century when the war broke out.5. 那不是他第一次向我们撒谎了。That was not the first time that he had lied to us .语法填空In Fe
15、bruary this year, it was the first time I 1. （visit） the Palace Museum. Hardly I 2. （arrive）there when it 3. （begin） to rain. Unluckily, the museum 4. （close） when we 5. （arrive）at the gate, so we had to go there again the next day. By the time I 6. （leave） Beijing, I 7. （visit）almost all the famous
16、 places of interest. My uncle 8. （visit） it many times already, and he was very glad to be my guide. He 9. （be） to New York earlier in the week. He said if he 10. （have） enough money, he would have been there much earlier. It was a fantastic place.1. had visited2. had arrived3. began4. had been closed5. arrived6. left7. had visited8. had visited9. had already been10. had had
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