1、第二部分 题型应对策略题型一 提示类填空第1讲 动词的时态和语态与主谓一致动词在7个提示词中所占的比重最大,一般4个;以考查动词的时态和语态以及非谓语动词为主。若句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词,则需要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致,有时还需考虑虚拟语气。技法探究素养提升【技法1】提示词为动词时,确定时态的四根据1.【解析】formed。考查时态。根据句意“Sir Hans Sloane 收藏的8万件物品形成了大英博物馆的核心馆藏”和定语从句中的时间状语in 1759可知要用一般过去时。2.【解析】pointed。考查时态。and连接两个
2、谓语动词,空格处的动词形式应和前文中的smiled一致,应用一般过去时。3.【解析】meant。考查时态。根据that引导的宾语从句中的时态可知此处用一般过去时。4.【解析】was driving。根据固定句型:was/were doing sth.+when.,可知,应用过去进行时。【技法点金】1.认清常考时态的标志性时间状语(1)一般现在时:看到every time,now and then,often,sometimes,usually,occasionally,always,seldom等时间状语,要想到用一般现在时。(2)一般过去时:看到yesterday,last year,in
3、2015,the other day,two days ago,一段时间+later 等时间状语,要想到用一般过去时。(3)一般将来时:看到tomorrow,next year,in a week,in the future,right away,soon,tonight等时间状语,要想到用一般将来时。(4)现在进行时:看到all the time,at this moment,at present,always,continually,constantly等时间状语,要想到用现在进行时。(5)现在完成时:看到since,recently,lately,already,in the last/
4、past few days,so far,up to now,till now,for+时间段,it is the first time.等标志词,要想到用现在完成时。(6)过去完成时:看到by then,by the end of.,by that time,it was the first time.等标志词,要想到用过去完成时。2.牢记常见固定句式中的时态(1)was/were doing.when+一般过去时(2)was/were about to do.when+一般过去时(3)had(just)done.when+一般过去时(4)Hardly+had+主语+done.when+一般
5、过去时(5)No sooner+had+主语+done.than+一般过去时(6)This/That/It is the+序数词+time+that+现在完成时(7)This/That/It was the+序数词+time+that+过去完成时(8)It is/has been+时间段+since+一般过去时【易错警示】忽略时间状语,相近时态混用China _(spend)a lot of money on such research in the recent years.(变式)China _(spend)a lot of money on such research in the pa
6、st.答案:has spent spent【剖析】题中的时间状语in the recent years是与现在有关的时间状语,说明spend动作与现在有关,应用现在完成时,应填has spent。题中的in the past指的是过去的时间,谓语动词应用一般过去时,应填spent。【过关检测】1.(2020浙江高考)By about 6000 BC,people _(discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.2.(2019全国卷)I love coming here and seeing my family and all the
7、 friends I_(make)over the years.had discoveredhave made【技法2】提示词为动词时,明确逻辑关系定语态1.【解析】are called。考查被动语态。结合句意“博物馆对外开放的部分被称为展览馆或陈列室”和下文的时态可知主语the parts和谓语动词call之间为被动关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态。2.【解析】washes。考查时态和语态。wash说明的是主语的特点,且是客观事实,应用一般现在时的主动语态;主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。【技法点金】1.牢记几种常考时态的被动语态构成常考时态被动语态构成一般现在时am/is/
8、are done现在完成时have/has been done现在进行时am/is/are being done一般过去时was/were done过去完成时had been done过去进行时was/were being done一般将来时will be done过去将来时would be done2.切记不及物动词(词组)没有被动语态breathe,happen,exist,remain,rise,taste,survive,belong to,break out,break down,come up,come true,take place,date from/back to,consi
9、st of等。【易错警示】注意英汉区别,正确选用语态The books which were written by Zhou Meisen,a famous writer in Jiangsu,_(sell)well.(变式)The books which were written by Zhou Meisen,a famous writer in Jiangsu,_(sell)out here.答案:sell have been sold【剖析】题中的sell表示的是主语books的某种属性,意为“卖得好,畅销”,表示状态,应用主动语态,填sell;题中的sell强调动作,指的是书“已经卖完
10、了”,应用现在完成时的被动语态,填have been sold。【过关检测】1.(2020浙江高考)And,as more children were born,more food _(need).2.(2019全国卷)On the last day of our week-long stay,we _(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore underthe stars,listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.was
11、neededwere invited【技法3】提示词为动词时,确定主谓一致的三原则1.【解析】is。考查主谓一致。句子主语中心词为a small part,结合上下文的时态可知用一般现在时的单数形式。2.【解析】enjoys。分析句子结构可知,enjoy在句中作谓语,主语是not only the students but also the teacher,根据就近一致原则,enjoy应与the teacher形式保持一致,因此用第三人称单数形式。3.【解析】has given。考查主谓一致和时态。根据in the last three months可知,应用现在完成时;主语为the musi
12、cian,为第三人称单数形式,along with his band members是附加成分,谓语动词应用现在完成时的第三人称单数形式。【技法点金】一、明晰主谓一致三原则中的常考点1.可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数;可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数。2.就近一致原则由neither.nor.,either.or.,not only.but also.,not.but.等连接并列主语时,谓语要和位置上最近的主语保持一致。3.就远原则主语后跟有with,together with,as well as,like,but,except,along with,rather than
13、,including,in addition to等引导的短语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语一致。4.集体名词看作整体时,谓语用单数形式;看作个体时,谓语用复数形式。5.非谓语动词、从句作主语时,谓语一般用单数形式。二、掌握常考的三种特殊情况1.“many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数,表示复数意义。2.“half/most/the rest/the remaining/one third of+名词”作主语时,若这个结构中的名词为复数,则谓语用复数形式;若这个结构中的名词为单数或不可数名词,则谓语用单数形式。3.all,the remaining,the
14、 rest,what,who,some,most等作主语时,谓语动词的数根据它们的实际意义而定。【易错警示】分析句子结构,避免误判主语It is reported that three ways to grow more trees in the desert _(be)very effective.It is reported that finding ways to grow more trees in the desert _(be)his life goal.答案:are is【剖析】题中的主语是three ways,主语是复数,谓语动词应用复数,应填are;题中主语是finding
15、ways to grow more trees in the desert是动名词作主语,谓语动词应用单数,应填is。【过关检测】1.(2019全国卷)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,threeare declining,six _(be)stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.2.(2018全国卷)While running regularly cant make you live forever,the review says it _(be)more e
16、ffective at lengthening life than walking,cycling orswimming.3.(2020金华模拟)Sudden slowing_(cause)traffic to slow down.Other cars have to brake.areiscauses【小题夯基练】单句语法填空1.(2020厦门一模)Even Su Shi,the famous poet of the Song Dynasty,_(express)his admiration for Han Gan.2.(2020驻马店模拟)In the mid-1800s,British
17、and American English speakersfurther developed in different ways and“fall”was the common word for“autumn”in the US,while“autumn”_(regard)as the word for“fall”in England.3.(2020齐齐哈尔二模)In 2003,SARS _(break)out in Guangdong.新题精练素养应用expressedwas regardedbroke4.(2020大连一模)Recently,researchers have publish
18、ed a study on how people gave and _(receive)letters of thanks.5.(2020青岛一模)Besides the significance of composing completely for a Chinese opera,the opera _(deliver)something more,that is,love and peace.6.When a person hears the name of dragon,China _(come)to his or her mind.7.He _(be)an emergency roo
19、m doctor since July 2005,and now he serves as the attending doctor in the emergency department.receiveddeliverswill comehas been8.Girl,Wash Your Face is one of those books that read like you _(hang)out with your best friend right at the moment.are hanging【大题提能练】.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空Cars could soon be comm
20、unicating with each other 1._(use)5G tomakedrivers aware of up coming hazards,scientists claim.usingSeveral car manufacturers are already integrating 5G into their vehicles,2._(include)as a tool to help usher in the generation of self-drivingvehicles.Experts at Glasgow Caledonian University(GCU)beli
21、eve the high-speed connection 3._(improve)the reliability and capability of automated vehicles to the point where they will be safer than the manual cars 4._(drive)today.Dr Dimitrios Liarokapis,a member of the research group,5._(say):“To have a better idea of what the future will look like,think of
22、6._(have)Tesla-like cars that not only use sensors 7._(scan)whats aroundincludingwill improvebeing drivensaidhavingto scanthem,they can also talk to each other and exchange safety-related informationabout their surroundings over an area that 8._(cover)several square miles.”With the help of 5G,a vehi
23、cle-generated early warning system that alertsdrivers 9._(be)feasible within the next few years.Cars that are close enough to the danger area 10._(transmit)warning messages to other cars around them using short-range communication technologies,but also to cars further away using 5G,fast and reliably
24、.coversiswill transmit.综合填空Passage 1(2020遂宁二模)The 2019-nCoV(新型冠状病毒)outbreak forced Belgian pianist Jean-Francois Maljean who had planned to go to China in February 1._(postpone)the trip.The musician decided to write a song 2._(immediate)after discussing the idea with his Chinese business partner,He
25、Liu.“I have been playing concerts around China for almost 20 years.I have so many friends in Wuhan.I want to show my 3._(consider)to those peopleaffected by the virus and those who are fighting in the hospitals in the face4._ the disaster,especially the doctors and nurses who are protecting others b
26、ut thinking little about 5._(they),”says 67-year-old Maljean.It 6._(take)the musician about three days to finish the song Chime of The Dawn Bells,7._has become popular online since Feb 10.He Liu invited 15 local people from all walks of life in China to sing the Chinese version of thesong.Maljeans d
27、aughter,Noemie Maljean,an 8._(excellence)singer,performed the lead vocal(主唱).Maljean put Chinese landmark buildings and famous scenery into9._ music.“I hope that my music can comfort the people suffering inChina.Im always deeply moved by the great sacrifice 10._(make)bythe people of China,”says the
28、pianist.【文章大意】比利时钢琴家Jean-Francois Maljean由于疫情不得不推迟他的行程。感动于中国的全力抗疫,他写了一首歌曲叫黎明的钟声,以表达他对抗击新冠肺炎疫情的中国人民的关心。1.【解析】to postpone。考查非谓语动词。force sb.to do sth.是固定搭配。2.【解析】immediately。考查词性转换。修饰动词write应用副词。3.【解析】consideration。考查词性转换。作show的宾语,且由形容词性物主代词my修饰,应用名词。4.【解析】of。考查介词。in the face of面对是固定搭配。5.【解析】themselves
29、。考查词性转换。作介词about的宾语,且与主语指代相同,应用反身代词。6.【解析】took。考查时态。表示过去的动作,应用一般过去时。7.【解析】which。考查定语从句。此处引导非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,且先行词指物,应用which引导。8.【解析】excellent。考查词性转换。修饰名词singer应用形容词。9.【解析】the。考查冠词。特指上文中提到的音乐,应用定冠词the。10.【解析】made。考查非谓语动词。根据句意“中国人民所做出的牺牲”可知,make和逻辑主语sacrifice之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作定语。Passage 2(2020淄博一模)Rainbow
30、-coloured rubbishThis is the colourful waste 1._(create)by a Swedish city with a unique recycling system.Like many cities in Sweden,Eskilstuna has an impressive recycling record.It met the EUs 2020 target of recycling 50%of waste many years ago.But almost everyone who lives here follows a strict rec
31、ycling policy at home.People 2._(expect)to sort their household waste into seven separate3._(category),including food,textiles,cartons and metal.But 4._ really makes the system stand out is the bright colour code.The bags arrive all mixed up because theyre collected 5._(frequent).But thanks to those
32、 bright colours,scanners can select the bags and separate them efficiently.The food waste in green bags 6._(be)processed on site into pieces to make biogas,7._ powers the citys buses.One of the benefits of this method of recycling is that there is less cross-contamination(交叉污染),so 8._(much)of the re
33、cycled waste can actually be used to make newthings.As countries around the world try to improve their recycling rates,some may look to Eskilstuna as 9._ example to followas long as they think they can persuade their citizens to get busy 10._(sort)at home.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了瑞典的彩色垃圾回收。1.【解析】created。考查非谓语动词
34、。分析句子结构可知create在句中作非谓语动词,与逻辑主语waste构成被动关系,应用过去分词。2.【解析】are expected。考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,expect在句中作谓语,与主语之间是被动关系,且时态为一般现在时,主语为集合名词people,应用一般现在时的被动语态的复数形式。3.【解析】categories。考查名词单复数。category为可数名词,前有seven修饰,应用可数名词复数。4.【解析】what。考查名词性从句。此处为主语从句,从句中缺少主语,指代事物,应用what引导。5.【解析】frequently。考查词性转换。修饰动词collected应用
35、副词。6.【解析】is。考查主谓一致。本句主语The food waste为第三人称单数,时态为一般现在时,be动词应用第三人称单数is。7.【解析】which。考查定语从句。此处为非限定性定语从句修饰上文整个句子,且从句中缺少主语,应用关系代词which。8.【解析】more。考查比较级。根据句中的less cross-contamination可知,应用形容词比较级。9.【解析】an。考查冠词。example为可数名词,此处表示泛指应用不定冠词,且example为元音音素开头的单词,应用an。10.【解析】sorting。考查非谓语动词。短语get busy doing sth.表示“开始
36、忙于做某事”。Passage 3(2020永州模拟)Nowadays,nine in ten children are now at school.However,the figure is not as 1._(impress)as it sounds.Even if most of the worlds children go to school,2._ awful lot of them learn pretty much nothing there.According 3._ the recent World Bank study of seven African countries,
37、half of nine-year-old cannot read a simple word and three-quarters cannot read a simple sentence.The reason is terrible 4._(teach).Several recent studies suggest educational technology can help.It seems5._(bring)about bigger improvement in poor countries than in rich ones.Some of the rare6._(resourc
38、e)being spent on teachers could therefore be better spent on educational technology.That doesnt mean dumping computers on schools,hoping that children 7._(understand)how to use them.Instead,it means providing schools with software that children can use with minimal help from an adult,that gets thing
39、s right 8._(much)often than the teachers do,that adjusts itself to the childs ability that sends teachers clues about 9._ they are supposed to be teaching and that allows the authorities to check on whether theteacher is in the classroom.Of course,good 10._(tradition)teachers are not replaced,and ar
40、e never likely to be.【文章大意】本文主要讲教育科技对改善国家的教育会有一定作用。1.【解析】impressive。考查词性转换。作系动词is的表语,应用形容词。2.【解析】an。考查冠词。a lot of 许多,是固定搭配;awful是以元音音素开头的单词,应用an。3.【解析】to。考查介词。according to根据,是固定搭配。4.【解析】teaching。考查词性转换。形容词terrible后应用名词。5.【解析】to bring。考查非谓语动词。作seem的表语,且表示事物的特征,应用不定式作表语。6.【解析】resources。考查名词单复数。根据some
41、of可知,此处应用名词复数。7.【解析】will understand。考查动词时态。与hope呼应,表示要发生的动作,需用一般将来时。8.【解析】more。考查比较级。根据后面的than可知,应用比较级。9.【解析】what。考查名词性从句。介词about后应用宾语从句,从句中缺少teach的宾语,应用what引导。10.【解析】traditional。考查词性转换。修饰名词teachers,应用形容词。【加固训练】Passage 1(2020太原模拟)Tik Tok,1._ launched in China as“Douyin”in September 2016,describes 2.
42、_(it)as a forum to capture and present the worlds creativity,knowledge,and precious life moments 3._(direct)from the mobile phone.It is owned by Bytedance,a startup 4._(base)in China that is considered one of the worlds most valuable private companies.Tik Tok users tap and hold 5._(record)a short vi
43、deo and can add music and visual effects.The videos can then be uploaded with hashtagsto join a variety of topics and trends.Most of the videos,which tend to last around 15 seconds,show someone dancing,lip-syncing(对口型)6._a song or a video clip,or pulling some kind of running gag(笑料),7._the app has a
44、lso gained followings among some particular groups,especially military personnel.Part of the charm and 8._(attract)of Tik Tok is that its younger users have embraced it as a place to experiment with the kind of Internet humor that 9._(not succeed)on other platforms yet.Kevin Roose in the New York Ti
45、mes called the app a refreshing outlier in the social media universe that brought him 10._ rare sensation of“happiness”.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了一款应用软件Tik Tok(抖音)。1.【解析】which。考查定语从句。本句为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Tik Tok,且先行词在从句中作主语,指物,应用which引导。2.【解析】itself。考查词性转换。主语与宾语指代同一事物时,宾语用反身代词。3.【解析】directly。考查词性转换。修饰动词capture 和 pre
46、sent应用副词。4.【解析】based。考查非谓语动词。base与startup之间是被动关系,应用过去分词。5.【解析】to record。考查非谓语动词。record作目的状语,应用动词不定式。6.【解析】to。考查介词。固定短语 lip-sync to a song 表示“伴随着歌曲对口型”,to“伴随着”。7.【解析】but。考查连词。结合上下文可知为转折关系,应用but。8.【解析】attraction。考查词性转换。结合上文the charm and可知应填名词。9.【解析】hasnt succeeded。考查动词时态。根据下文yet“还没有”可知应用现在完成时。10.【解析】t
47、he。考查冠词。此处表示特指抖音所带来的罕见的幸福感觉,应用不定冠词the。Passage 2 Beijing was once a city of bikes,the capital of a country 1._(know)as the Bicycle Kingdom,where cars were reserved for official and political business.2._,decades of remarkable economic growth led to a huge flowing of cars in the city.Owning one became
48、 not just a marker of reaching the middle class but also a 3._(require)for marriage.As the economy boomed,autos pushed bikes off the roads,4._(create)heavy pollution and miserable traffic.Fortunately,now Beijing may be returning to its roots with a modern twist.Thanks to about 20 technology companie
49、s,brightly coloured shared bikes5._(flood)Beijing since last year.Many local residents welcome the shared bikes 6._the flexibility and freedom they offer.They pick up the bikes and then ride and drop 7._(they)off anywhere they like,locking the back wheel,with no need to find a fixed place.Analysis i
50、n China says there 8._(be)three factors that contribute to the sudden increase of bikes:a lot of cash looking for a home,a good idea and government support.“As the citys population grew,traffic jams got 9._(bad).”Cai,the ofo spokeswoman,said,“Shared bikes could solve the last mile problem in 10._ en
51、vironmentally friendly way.”【文章大意】本文主要介绍了北京的共享单车。1.【解析】known。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,know在句中作非谓语。know和逻辑主语the capital of a country之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作定语。2.【解析】However。考查副词。上下文之间是转折关系,且空格后有逗号,应用副词however。3.【解析】requirement。考查词性转换。冠词a后应用名词。4.【解析】creating。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,create在句中作非谓语,且表示意料之内的结果,应用现在分词作状语。5.【解析】ha
52、ve flooded/have been flooding。考查时态。分析句子结构可知,flood在句中作谓语,由时间状语since last year可知,应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。6.【解析】for。考查介词。表示原因,应用介词for。7.【解析】them。考查代词。根据语境可知,此处指代上文中的bikes,且在句中作drop的宾语,应用宾格的人称代词。8.【解析】are。考查时态与主谓一致。There be 句型中,主语是three factors,故谓语用复数,且描述的是现在的事情,故用一般现在时。9.【解析】worse。考查比较级。此处含有与以前相比较的含义,应用bad的比较级worse。10.【解析】an。考查冠词。泛指一种环保的方式,应用不定冠词,且其后environmentally是以元音音素开头的单词,应用an。