1、考点规范练16.阅读理解AOne of my first memories as a child in the 1950s was a discussion I had with my brother in our tiny bedroom in the family house in Bethlehem,Pennsylvania.We had heard in school about a planet called Pluto.It was the farthest,coldest,and darkest thing a child could imagine.We guessed how
2、 long it would take to die if we stood on the surface of such a frozen place wearing only the clothes we had on.We tried to figure out how much colder Pluto was than the Antarctic,or than the coldest day we had ever experienced in Pennsylvania.Pluto,which famously was downgraded from a “major planet
3、” to a “dwarf planet(矮行星)”in 2006,captured our imagination because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system.Plutos underdog discovery story is part of what makes it so attractive.Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas farm boy who built
4、 telescopes out of spare auto parts,old farm equipment and self-ground lenses.As an assistant at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff,Arizona,Tombaughs task was to search millions of stars for a moving point of light,a planet that the observatorys founder thought existed beyond the orbit of Neptune.On Fe
5、bruary 18,1930,Tombaugh found it.Pluto was the first planet discovered by an American,and represented a moment of light in the midst of the Great Depressions dark encroachment (入侵).Pluto is much more than something that is not a planet.Its a reminder that there are many worlds out there beyond our o
6、wn and that the sky isnt the limit at all.We dont know what kinds of fantastic variations on a theme nature is capable of making until we get there to look.1.Why did Pluto become famous in 2006 according to the passage?A.Because it disappeared in the sky.B.Because it lost its major planet status.C.B
7、ecause it was discovered by an American.D.Because it was proved to be the coldest planet in the universe.2.What can be a suitable title for the passage?A.Plutos RomanceB.Pluto Was First Discovered by a BoyC.An American Scientist:Clyde TombaughD.The Days I Spent with My Brother in Pennsylvania3.What
8、can we learn from the fourth paragraph?A.Clyde Tombaugh discovered the darkness in the Great Depression.B.Pluto was the only planet that was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh.C.Clyde Tombaughs telescopes used for searching stars were very simple.D.Clyde Tombaughs job was to build telescopes for Lowell Ob
9、servatory.4.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph is most likely to mean .A.Pluto is no less than a planet in the solar systemB.Pluto is much more than a planet in the solar systemC.Pluto is more important than any other planet in the skyD.Pluto is not a planet in the solar system,but it is
10、more than a planetB(2019云南高三第二次检测)“Acting is the least mysterious of all crafts,”Marion Brando once said.But for scientists,working out what is going on in an actors head has always been something of a puzzle.Now,researchers have said actors show different patterns of brain activity depending on whe
11、ther they are in character or not.Dr Steven Brown,from McMaster University in Canada,said,“It looks like when you are acting,you are suppressing(压制) yourself;almost like the character is possessing you.”Dr Brown and his colleagues report how 15 actors,mainly theatre students,were trained to take on
12、a Shakespeare roleeither Romeo or Julietin a theatre workshop.They were then invited into the laboratory,where their brains were scanned in a series of experiments.Once inside the MRI scanner,the actors were asked to answer a number of questions,suchas:would they go to the party?And would they tell
13、their parents that they had fallen in love?Each actor was asked to respond to different questions,based on two different premises(前提).In one,they were asked for their own perspective,while in the other,they were asked to respond as though they were either Romeo or Juliet.The results revealed that th
14、e brain activity differed depending on the situation being tested.The team found that when the actors were in character,they use some third-person knowledge or inferences about their character.The team said they also found additional reduction in activity in two regions of the prefrontal cortex(前额皮质
15、) linked to the sense of self compared with when the actors were responding as themselves.However,PhilipDavis,a professor at the University of Liverpool,was unimpressed by the research,saying acting is about far more than “pretending” to be someoneit involves embodying(体现) the text and language.5.Ho
16、w did Dr Browns team conduct their research?A.By scanning the brain activity of some actors.B.By doing a survey with some theatre goers.C.By interviewing some theatre teachers.D.By consulting some experienced researchers.6.What is the finding of Dr Browns research?A.Acting is not as mysterious as pe
17、ople think.B.Actors brain activity differs when they are acting.C.Acting is far more than pretending to be the character.D.Actors brain activity is more active when they are in character.7.How did Philip Davis react to the research?A.He supported it.B.He doubted it.C.He explained it.D.He advocated i
18、t.8.What is the text mainly about?A.A debate of how the brain functions.B.A play written by Shakespeare.C.A research on the brain activity of actors.D.A report of the cooperation of scientists and actors.七选五阅读(2019河北石家庄模拟)Three in five people in the UK hold a library card.Forsome,libraries are a she
19、lter from the stresses of day-to-day life.1 If youre considering joining your local library,now is the time to do so.And if you need any more encouragement,here are several reasons why you should.Most libraries in the UK allow members of the general public to come and go as they like.2 You can also
20、take out a library card and borrow books for free,although you will inevitably face a fine for late returns.3 Imagine just how many books you have at your fingertips with a library card.There are lots of modern ones,as well as original ones,and you can continue to expand your learning and vocabulary
21、 all the time.Its a priceless experience,especially for kids,and also a great way to level the educational playing field.Libraries develop with times.They have changed greatly since decades ago.4 Some libraries have apps so you can see when your books are due back and even reserve books in some case
22、s.There are also libraries which let you access books in digital formats on your mobile devicepretty cool.Libraries are one of very few spaces left in towns and cities where members of the public can come together and actually be and feel like a community.They have noticeboards to offer services lik
23、e exercise classes or learning centers.5A.Libraries help people learn.B.Libraries help educate the kids.C.They create a great sense of community.D.You can go in,settle down and read a book without being charged a penny.E.Most libraries now have computers and allow people to borrow CDs and DVDs.F.Lib
24、raries help us save money as were borrowing books rather than buying them.G.Forothers,particularly the homeless and people in poverty,libraries are a lifeline to the world.书面表达(2019全国)假定你是李华,暑期在伦敦学习,得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览。请写一封信申请做志愿者,内容包括:1.写信目的;2.个人优势;3.能做的事情。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。Dear Sir/Madam,
25、_Yours,Li Hua考点规范练16(必修4Unit1).【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了冥王星被发现的过程以及对人类的意义。1.B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Pluto,whichfamouslywasdowngradedfromamajorplanettoadwarfplanetin2006.”可知,2006年冥王星之所以出名是因为其地位下降了,从一个重要的行星变成了一颗矮行星。2.A标题归纳题。根据文章的整体内容可推知,本文主要介绍了冥王星被发现的过程以及对人类的意义,故“冥王星的传奇故事”适合做文章的标题。3.C推理判断题。根据第四段的第二句“ClydeTombaugh
26、wasaKansasfarmboywhobuilttelescopesoutofspareautoparts,oldfarmequipmentandself-groundlenses.”可知,克莱德汤博所使用的望远镜比较简单。4.D句意猜测题。根据最后一段的第二句“Itsareminderthattherearemanyworldsouttherebeyondourownandthattheskyisntthelimitatall.”和第三段中的“.becauseitwasamysterythatcouldcompleteourpictureofwhatitwaslikeatthemostre
27、motecornersofoursolarsystem.”可推知,冥王星虽然不是太阳系边缘的行星,但是它的发现意义重大,比行星还重要。【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了一项对于演员大脑活动的研究。现在,研究人员表示,演员的大脑活动模式不同,取决于他们是否扮演角色。5.A推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句和第五段的第一句“OnceinsidetheMRIscanner,theactorswereaskedtoansweranumberofquestions,suchas:wouldtheygototheparty?”可知,Brown博士的团队是通过扫描一些演员的大脑活动进行他们的研究的
28、。6.B细节理解题。根据第七段可知,大脑活动的不同取决于所测试的情境。当演员在扮演角色时,他们会使用一些第三人称知识或对角色的推断。由此可知Brown博士的研究发现,演员在表演时大脑活动是不同的。7.B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However,PhilipDavis,.wasunimpressedbytheresearch,sayingactingisaboutfarmorethanpretendingtobesomeoneitinvolvesembodyingthetextandlanguage.”可知,PhilipDavis对这项研究持怀疑态度。8.C主旨大意题。第二段“Now,res
29、earchershavesaidactorsshowdifferentpatternsofbrainactivitydependingonwhethertheyareincharacterornot.(现在,研究人员表示,演员的大脑活动模式不同,取决于他们是否扮演角色。)”是全文的主旨句。结合全文内容可知,这篇文章主要介绍了一项对于演员大脑活动的研究。.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。图书馆是人们减压的好场所,在那里人们还可以免费学习文化知识。1.G根据上文“Forsome,librariesareashelterfromthestressesofday-to-daylife(对一些人来说,图书
30、馆是躲避日常生活压力的庇护所).”可知,此处应该介绍图书馆对另一部分人所起的作用,故G项符合语境。其中“Forsome”和“Forothers”相呼应。2.D根据下文“你也可以拿出借书证免费借书,不过如果逾期还书,你将不可避免地面临罚款”可知,空处应是介绍在图书馆免费读书的情况,D项符合语境,衔接上下文。且D项中的“Youcan”与空后一句中的“Youcanalso”呼应。3.A根据空处所在位置可知,空处为该段的主题句;结合对本段的整体理解,尤其是该段的“Therearelotsofmodernones,aswellasoriginalones,andyoucancontinuetoexpan
31、dyourlearningandvocabularyallthetime.”可知,通过阅读,你可以拓展学习,扩大词汇量。据此可知,该段主要说明了图书馆可以帮助人学习,所以A项正确。4.E根据本段的主题句“Librariesdevelopwithtimes.”和空后的“Somelibrarieshaveapps”可知,空处应是介绍现如今的图书馆利用现代技术和设备的情况,故E项与此处匹配。5.C根据空前的“.cancometogetherandactuallybeandfeellikeacommunity”可知,图书馆能让公众聚集起来成为一个社区;结合空处位置可知,空处总结该段,即图书馆创造了一种
32、社区意识,故C项正确。其中community为同词复现。.DearSir/Madam,IamLiHua,astudentfromChinaforfurtherstudyinLondonthissummervacation.LearningfromthenoticethatyourlocalartmuseumisrecruitingsomevolunteersforanexhibitionofChinesepaintings,Igotdesperatelydelightedandthrilled.AndIamnowwritingtoapplyforthisposition.Ivebeenlong
33、ingforachancetoofferserviceinsuchafantasticplatformsoastoenhancemyorganizationabilityaswellascommunicationskills.Beingactive,enthusiasticandenergetic,Iamconfidenttobecompetentforthevoluntarywork.Furthermore,mypreviousexperienceasavolunteerenablesmetobequalifiedforthepositionwithlesstraining.Mostimpo
34、rtantly,asaChinese,IhavebeenexposedtoChinesecultureespeciallyChinesepaintingssinceIwasalittlechild,soIamconvincedthatIcanmakeavividdescriptionoftheprofoundmeaningbehindthosemasterpiecestothevisitors.IdohopethatIcanmeetyourrequirements.Iwouldbemuchobligedifyoucouldreplytomeatyourearliestconvenience.Yours,LiHua