1、攻略2 细节理解妙搜切入点 近3年全国卷考情分析全国卷细节理解题题量统计 命题专家有话说 高考状元传经验 年份卷别 202020192018新课标山东卷8全国卷767全国卷8109全国卷7109(1)命题人员会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。(2)细节理解题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是做好阅读理解的拿分题。采用寻读法，解题分三步：1先读题干，抓住关键词；2带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子；3仔细对比选项和原文信息，继而找出答案。研磨真题 提
2、升审题力知答题方略明命题方式“两关注”“一防范”巧解信息理解题1两关注：关注正确选项的特征：一是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言(词汇和结构)改头换面，来表达相同的意思；二是对文章信息的综合理解推断归纳。2一防范：防范干扰选项的逼真性，稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。在做间接信息题时，要根据所找信息，分析选项，对比其中所用词汇，避免误选答案。必要时要对原文信息进行归结，然后比对选项，进而选出正确答案。直接细节题常见设问方式：Which activity will you choose if.?What will you/the students do.?When can you.?Where
3、 can you.?Who will.?间接细节题常见设问方式：Which of the following best describes.?How does the writer recommend.to readers？技法1 原词复现 题干中的关键词与原文信息重复2020新课标山东卷A6 First Prizes:The book Sky Pioneer:APhotobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.50 Honorable Mentions：Judges wi
4、ll choose up to 50 honorable mention winners,who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earharts final flight.What will each of the honorable mention winners get?AA plane ticket.BA book by Corinne Szabo.CA special T-shirt.DA photo of Amelia Earhart.破题关键点第一步 找出题干关键词：_第二步 定位到原文，寻找相关信息：根据_可知。第三步 比对选项
5、确定答案：评委选出的50名荣誉奖获得者会获得一件T恤衫。自主解答：_honorable mention50 Honorable Mentions:Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners,who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earharts final flight.C技法2 原词复现 选项中的关键词与原文信息重复2020全国卷BWhen“Rise of the Planet of the Apes”was first shown to the public last mon
6、th,a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard.But they werent there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars.Instead,one activist,dressed in a full-body monkey suit,had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:“Thanks for not using real apes(猿)！”Why did the anima
7、l activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard?ATo see famous film stars.BTo oppose wearing fur coats.CTo raise money for animal protection.DTo express thanks to some filmmakers.破题关键点第一步 审题目找出选项关键词：_第二步 定位到原文，寻找相关信息：_第三步 比对选项确定答案：动物保护者在Hollywood Boulevard集会是为了向一些电影制片人表示感谢。自主解答：_express thanks to根据本段中的“In
8、stead,one activist,dressed in a full-body monkey suit,had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers：Thanks for not using real apes(猿)！”可知。D技法3 同义对应 题干中的关键词与原文信息对应2020全国卷DDr.Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines.They made a living as divers,spearfishing or
9、 harvesting shellfish.“We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders，”Dr.Jubilado said.“I could see them actually walking under the sea.”Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?AThey could walk on stilts all day.BThey had a superb way of fishing.CTh
10、ey could stay long underwater.DThey lived on both land and water.破题关键点第一步 审题目找出题干关键词：_第二步 定位到原文，寻找相关信息：_第三步 比对选项确定答案：年轻的Jubilado对巴瑶族人惊讶不已的地方在于他们可以在水下待很长的时间。自主解答：_astonished根据文中的“We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders”可知。C技法4 同义对应 选项中的关键词与原文信息对应2020全国卷DT
11、he engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step furtherchanging the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse,even unusual functions.These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a
12、 plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.“Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day，”explained Michael Strano,a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT eng
13、ineers?ATo detect plants lack of water.BTo change compositions of plants.CTo make the life of plants longer.DTo test chemicals in plants.破题关键点第一步 审题目找出选项关键词：_第二步 定位到原文，寻找相关信息：根据文中的_第三步 比对选项确定答案：叶子上的传感器用来显示植物什么时候缺水。自主解答：_lack of“These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show
14、 when theyre short of water”可知。lack of 与 short of 是同义词。A考场练兵 检验考试能力A2020合肥市高三第三次教学质量检测Shanghai University of Sport(SUS)Invites Global TalentsThe Physical Fitness teaching team is one of the excellent national-level course teaching teams at SUS.The main courses of this team are Theories and Methods o
15、f Healthy Fitness Assessment,Sports Prescription and Sports Health Management.The following positions are available for applicants worldwide.Leading ExpertQualifications：*A Ph.D.degree or an MD degree from an accredited (官方认可的)institution is required.*Applicants have productive research activities,i
16、ncluding,but not limited to,publications,conference presentations,and copywriting.Faculty Member Qualifications：*A Ph.D.degree or an MD degree from an accredited institution is required.*Applicants have successful teaching experiences at the undergraduate and graduate level.*Disciplines：Physical Hea
17、lth Monitoring,Fitness Assessment，Preventive Medicine,Statistics,Child Health,Nutrition and Food Safety,and Data Science.Postdoc FellowshipQualifications：*A Ph.D.degree from an accredited institution is obtained within the last three years;fresh graduates are given priority in consideration.*The fir
18、st author publications in peer-reviewed journals and a strong publication record are preferred.*Strong communication and cooperation skills and an interest in working in an interdisciplinary environment are also required.Research AssistantQualifications：*An MD degree from an accredited institution i
19、s obtained within the last three years in sports rehabilitation(康复)medicine or closely related fields.*Strong publications in top international journals (the first author)are preferred.*Good hands-on skills and good English communication skills are required.Please email all materials as a PDF file t
20、o Dr.Kailimi Li at likailimi sus.edu.en with the subject:the title of the position for which you are applying.Application deadline:December 31,2020 or until filled.1Which position favors a recent graduate with a Ph.D.degree?ALeading Expert.BFaculty Member.CPostdoc Fellowship.DResearch Assistant.答案与解
21、析：C 考查细节理解。根据Postdoc Fellowship部分中的“A Ph.Ddegree.is obtained within the last three years；fresh graduates are given priority in consideration”可知，只有Postdoc Fellowship这一岗位只招收近三年内取得博士学位的人，且优先考虑应届毕业生。由此可知，Postdoc Fellowship这一岗位偏爱刚毕业的博士生，故选C。2Who is most likely to get the position of Faculty Member?AA reg
22、ular contributor to international journals.BA researcher in sports rehabilitation medicine.CA writer giving many conference presentations.DA professor teaching Nutrition and Food Safety.答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。根据Faculty Member部分中的“teaching experiences”“Disciplines:Physical Health Monitoring.Nutrition and Foo
23、d Safety,and Data Science”可知，教营养与食品安全课程的教授更有可能获得这个岗位，故选D。3What is the common qualification required by all the positions?AA degree from an accredited institution.BCommunication and cooperation skills.CThe first author publication record.DA good command of English.答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。根据四个工作岗位所要求的条件中的第一个条件
24、可以看出，四个工作岗位均需要申请人拥有经官方认可的机构颁发的学位。故选A。B2020潍坊市高考模拟“A lie can travel halfway around the world before the truth can get its boots on.”This quote is attributed to Mark Twain.In todays Internet world of“fake(假的)news”，lies spread even faster and the truth is having trouble finding its boots.To make matter
25、s worse,most young people get news from social media sites where facts are mixed with rumors(谣言),half-truths and complete lies.This has led to young people becoming confused.In the latest PISA,which tested 15-year-olds worldwide on academic subjects,fewer than one in ten of the examinees were report
26、ed to be able to distinguish fact from opinion.A Stanford University study showed that students at all levels of education could not tell real news from fake news.In one instance,80 percent thought that a paid advertisement was a real news story.Fake news is spread by people who have a prejudice.The
27、y want to influence public opinion either for or against something or someone.It is important,then,for young people to recognize when they are being used and to be skeptical of online information.Traditional media,such as newspapers and television,are still the more credible sources of information.R
28、eporters are professionally trained to look for facts,and editors have the job of making sure those facts are correct.However,if you are getting most of your information online,you have to be your own editor.In that case,the first thing to do is to look at the writer of a post.Is this person known t
29、o be credible?Does the site where you read the post have a prejudice?Next,look for other sources from mainstream media to confirm the information.In other words,by putting on your truth boots you wont be fooled into chasing lies.4.Why is the quote mentioned in Paragraph 1?ATo give a definition.BTo i
30、ntroduce the topic.CTo offer background information.DTo highlight the wisdom of Mark Twain.答案与解析：B 考查推理判断。根据第一段内容可知，马克吐温曾提到，真理的靴子尚未穿上，谎言就已经传遍半个世界，这说明谎言传播很快，而下文围绕“假新闻”展开，故作者引用名言是想引出文章的主题，故选B项。5What will always happen to young people with news around？A.They prefer a real news story.BThey are easily ta
31、ken in by fake news.CThey can distinguish fact from opinion.DThey get worried about their education.答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“fewer than one in ten of the examinees were reported to be able to distinguish fact from opinion.In one instance,80 percent thought that a paid advertisement was a real news sto
32、ry”及最后一段中的“you wont be fooled into chasing lies”可知，面对各种各样的新闻，年轻人很困惑，而且大多数年轻人都无法分辨新闻的真伪。由此可知，年轻人很容易被假新闻欺骗。6What is the authors suggestion from the text?AFight against prejudices.BAvoid traditional media.CBe an editor of your own.DBelieve in trained reporters.答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“if you are getting
33、 most of your information online，you have to be your own editor”可知，作者建议大家做自己的编辑。7What is the text mainly about?AThe truth about fake news.BThe influence of fake news.CProblems with online information.DSources of online information.答案与解析：A 考查主旨大意。综观全文可知，文章由“谎言”引出“假新闻”，然后介绍了假新闻的传播、对假新闻的甄别等。由此可判断，本文主要讲的是有关假新闻的真相。