1、第十一讲定语从句除了语法填空中会考查定语从句外,书面表达中正确恰当地运用定语从句也是作文得高分的关键。另外,在阅读理解中正确理解定语从句也至关重要。关系词先行词充当成分例句关系代词who人主语、宾语Do you know a Mr.Smith whoworks here?你 认 识 一 位 在这儿工作的史密斯先生吗?whom人宾语You are the person whom Imlooking for.你就是我正在找的人。that人、物主语、宾语There is a gentleman thatwants to see you.有一位先生要见你。The boy that you met ju
2、st nowis Tom.你刚刚遇到的男孩是汤姆。一、关系代词和关系副词的用法关系词先行词 充当成分例句关系代词which物主语、宾语The tree which is standing theremeasures about 80 meters.那儿的那棵树大约有 80 米高。The picture which he drew is on show.他画的那幅画正在展出。as物主语、宾语As is known to all/As we all know,heis a painter.whoseofwhom/ofwhich人、物定语The house whose window faces so
3、uthbelongs to my uncle.窗户朝南的房子是我叔叔的。The old man,whose son is studyingabroad,enjoys his life very much.那个老人,非常享受生活,而他的儿子在国外求学。(续表)众所周知,他是一个画家。关系词先行词充当成分例句关系副词whenat/in/on/duringwhich时间状语There was a time when Icouldnt make myselfunderstood.曾 经 有 一 段时间别人不理解我。whereat/in/to which地点状语This is the company w
4、here Iwork.这是我工作的公司。whyforwhich原因状语Could you tell me thereason why you dontagree?你能告诉我你不同意的理由吗?(续表)二、关系词的选用1.只能用that 做关系代词的情况(1)当先行词是 all,everything,anything,nothing,much,little,none 等不定代词时(something 除外)。(2)当先行词被 all,every,no,some,any,little,much 等词修饰时。(3)当先行词被 the only,the last,the very,the same 等词
5、组修饰时。(4)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。(5)如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词,并同时兼指人和物时。(6)在以疑问词 who,which,what 开头的特殊疑问句中,为了避免重复只用 that。(7)当定语从句为 there be 句型时,关系代词只能用 that,也可以省略。(8)当指人或物的关系代词在定语从句中做表语时,关系代词只能用 that,也可以省略。2.先行词指物时只能用 which 不能用 that 的情况(1)在非限制性定语从句中。如:I would like to ask him a few questions about his personal life,w
6、hich must be very interesting.我想问他几个关于他个人生活的问题,那一定很有趣。(2)在介词后面。如:This is the room in which we lived last year.这是我们去年住的那个屋子。3.先行词指人时只能用 who 不能用 that 的情况先行词为 one,ones,those,anyone,-one,-body 或人称代词时。如:He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。4.as 与 whichas 与 which 均可引导非限制性定语从句,有时可以互
7、换,但也存在区别:(1)与 such 或 the same 连用时,一般用 as。(2)as 引导的从句可以放在句首,as 表示“正如”。(3)当 as 在从句中做主语时,后面常接动词的被动语态。(4)当定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用 which。三、定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。如:I,who am a teacher,should treat every student equally.我,作为一名老师,要平等地对待每一位学生。The cattle ate all the grass and anything that grows on the land.牛群吃光了草和土地上生长的一切东西。