1、第二讲 数词和主谓一致范围特点例子112无规律one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve1319以-teen结尾thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen数词一、基数词范围特点例子2090以-ty 结尾twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety2199十位与个位之间要加连字符“-”twenty-five,sixty-two，ninety-nine101999 百位与十位之
2、间通常用 andthree hundred and twenty-five(美语中常将 and 省略)千以上6275six thousand two hundredand seventy-five,1200twelvehundred(续表)范围特点例子119各基数词尾加-thfourth,sixth,nineteenth(first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth 除外)2090把 y 变 i 后加-ethtwentieth,fortieth,ninetieth2199 及99 以上最后一个数用序数词，其余用基数词21sttwenty-first
3、，110thone hundred and tenth二、序数词汉语示例英语表示法2011 年 6 月 30 日June 30,2011/30 June,2011/30thJune,2011七点二十五分(7：25)seven twenty-five/twenty-five pastseven十二点五十四分(12：54)twelve fifty-four/six to one九点十五分(9：15)nine fifteen/a quarter past nine两点半(2：30)two thirty/half past two二十一点五十分(21：50)twenty-one fifty/ten t
4、o twenty-two第二十一twenty-first三、数词的用法1.英语中年月日、钟点、序数词、分数、编号、算式表示法列表汉语示例英语表示法第一百二十三one hundred and twenty-third三分之一a third二又五分之二two and two-fifths百分之二十20 percent34 号房间Room 34/room thirty-four第 518 页Page 518/page five one eight6511Six plus/and five is eleven.1165Eleven minus six is five.4520Four multipli
5、ed by five is twenty.2045Twenty divided by four is five.（续表）2.hundred,thousand,million,billion 表示确切的数目时，不能加-s。如：two hundred students。当表示不确切的数目，强调很多时，则在词尾加-s，并与 of 连用。如：hundreds of teachers,thousands of farmers,millions of stars。3.scores of 与 dozens of 都表示概数，意为“数十；许多”。如：scores of eggs(许多个鸡蛋),dozens o
6、f eggs(许多个/数打鸡蛋)。4.年代的表示法有两种。如：“在二十世纪八十年代”可写成 in the 1980s 或 in the 1980s。5.数词和名词间用连字符“-”相连，通常做定语，其中的 名词要用单数，相当于“冠词名词of 基数词名词复数”形式。如：an eight-year-old boy a boy of eight years old 一个 8 岁大的男孩a 500-word essayan essay of 500 words 一篇 500 字的文章6.序数词前加 the 表示顺序。如：the Second World War 第二次世界大战the first ques
7、tion 第一个问题7.序数词前加不定冠词 a 表示“再；又”。如：Ive failed six times,but I decided to have a seventh try.我已经失败了六次，但我决定再尝试一次。原则概念例句语法一致原则谓语动词的单复数形式与主语的数一致。即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式My father is an experiencedteacher.我的父亲是一位有经验的老师。Children like toys.孩子们喜欢玩具。主谓一致主谓一致是指主语和谓语要保持人称和数上的一致，主语的“人称”和“数”决定谓语动词的数。
8、一、主谓一致原则一览表原则概念例句意义一致原则谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语所表示的内在含义。如主语是集体名词时，主语表示其中的人，谓语动词用复数形式；主语表示一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式My family are having lunchnow.我的家人正 在 吃 午餐。His family is a big one.他有一个大家庭。就近一致原则谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。常见于“therebe.;neither.nor.;either.or.;(whether).or.;not.but.;notonly.but also.”等结构There is a teacher and
9、30students in the classroom.教室里有一位老师和 30 名学生。It is not you but he that is toblame for it.不是你而是他该为此负责。（续表）二、概念归纳1.表时间、距离、金额、重量、数字等的复数名词作“整体”看时，谓语常用单数。如：Two hours is quite enough.两个小时足够了。2.以-s 结尾的名词做主语时，根据其意思来决定谓语动词的单复数。(1)表示学科的名词(physics 等)、国名(the United States 等)或组织名称(the United Nations 等)及 news 做主语
10、时，谓语动词用单数。(2)单复数同形的名词，如 means,works 等做主语时，谓语动词的数根据具体情况而定。如：Every means has been tried.每种方法都试过了。All means have been tried.所有的方法都试过了。(3)the Olympic Games 做主语时，谓语动词用复数。3.集体名词做主语时，视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数。(1)people,police,cattle,youth 等名词做主语时，谓语动词用复数。(2)clothing,furniture,equipment 等名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。(3)family,clas
11、s,government 等名词表示整体概念时谓语动词用单数，表示个体成员时谓语动词用复数。如：Class 4 is on the fourth floor.4 班在 4 楼。Class 4 are unable to agree on the plan.4 班的同学对这个计划无法达成一致。4.“a number of/a variety of复数名词”、“the形容词”指一类人时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of/the variety of复数名词”、“the形容词”做主语指抽象的事物时，谓语动词用单数。如：The beautiful is loved by all.美的事物人
12、人都爱。(表抽象概念)The young are the hope of future.年轻人是未来的希望。(表一类人)5.以 and 连接的两个名词做主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，但名词前有 each,every,no 修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：Walking and riding are good exercises.散步与骑车都是很好的运动。Every boy and every girl is looking forward to the comingfestival.每个男孩和每个女孩都盼着这个即将到来的节日。注意：当and 连接的两个单数名词在意义上指的是同一人、物或概念时，谓
13、语动词仍用单数。如：The teacher and writer is popular with his students.那位老师兼作家很受学生欢迎。(指同一人)The teacher and the writer are talking happily.那位老师和那位作家正在愉快地交谈。(两个人)6.动名词、不定式或从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数。但what 引导的主语从句视后面的表语而定。如：What we need is time.我们所需要的是时间。What we need are books.我们所需要的是书本。7.主 语 后 接 with,together with,includi
14、ng,combined with,along with,as well as,but,except,besides,like,rather than,inaddition to 等构成的介词短语时，谓语动词根据主语的单复数而定。如：I,rather than you,am responsible for it.是我而不是你对此负责。8.“one of复数名词who/that”引导的定语从句中的谓语动词用复数，但当 one 之前有 the only,very 等修饰时，从句中的谓语动词用单数。如：I am one of the persons in my office who were invi
15、ted to theball.我是我们办公室里受邀去舞会的人之一。I am the only one of the persons in my office who was invitedto the ball.我是我们办公室唯一一个受邀去舞会的人。9.glasses,shoes,trousers 等复数名词前若有 pair,kind,type,box of 等量词修饰时，谓语动词根据量词的单复数而定。如：A pair of shoes is under the bed.床下有一双鞋。My glasses are broken.我的眼镜坏了。10.由“a lot of/lots of/plen
16、ty of/half of/the rest of/most of 名词/代词”或“分数/百分数of名词”做主语时，谓语动词视其所接的名词的单复数而定。如：Three-fifths of the books are intended for the poor students.五分之三的书是为贫困学生准备的。The rest of the money belongs to you.剩下的钱是你的。11.由 or,either.or,neither.nor,not only.but also 等连接的名词或代词做主语及 there be 结构中，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。如：Not onl
17、y I but also my father likes the film Wolf Warrior .我和爸爸都喜欢战狼这部电影。12.不定代词(all 指人除外)、“many a单数名词”、“morethan one单数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：All has been finished.所有的都完成了。All are late for the meeting.所有人开会都迟到了。Many a student has made the same mistake.很多学生都犯了同样的错误。More than one person has made the suggestion.不止一个人提出了建议。