1、第4讲 特殊句式高考感知单句语法填空1.(2019天津高考)The professor warned the students that on no account use mobile phones in his class.答案：should they 表示否定含义的介词短语on no account位于宾语从句句首，宾语从句要用部分倒装结构。2.(2018全国卷)Diets have changed in Chinaand so too (have)its top crop.答案：has 此处为so引导的倒装句。3.(2018天津高考)It was only when the car p
2、ulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat.答案：that 本题为强调句式，强调的为时间状语。4.(2017江苏高考)it not for the support of the teachers,the student could not overcome her difficulty.答案：Were 本题为省略了if，将were提前，而构成的倒装句。5.(2016全国卷)It could be anythinggardening,cooking,music,sportsbut whatever it is,
3、(make)sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.答案：make 此处为祈使句的表达。单句写作1.(2018北京高考)在任何不安全的情况下，只要按下按钮就会有经过严格培训的乘务员来帮助你。In any unsafe situation,simply and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.2.(2017全国卷)教练一直重复着这些话。“加速”“减速”“左转”。The instructor kept repe
4、ating the words,“！”“！”“！”press the buttonSpeed up Slow down Turn left3.(2015湖南高考)当我们回家的时候，我意识到帮助有困难的人是多么美好的一种感觉。It was when we were returning home I realized a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.4.(2011陕西高考)我简直不敢相信自己的好运气不仅和他合了照，而且他还在我的衬衫上签了名。I couldnt believe my luck my photo take
5、n with him,but he signed his name on my shirt！that whatnot only did I have5.(2010浙江高考)离开后，我说：“妈妈，你那样做真得很好，但是我不觉得她看起来像姥姥。”“我也是呀，”妈妈高兴地回答道。After we left,I said,“That was very nice of you,mother.But I didnt think she looked like grandma.”“，”said mother cheerfully.Neither did I考点透析考点 1 倒装句1全部倒装(1)表示方向/方
6、位、地点和时间的副词或介词短语，如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,back,on the wall,over there,under the tree,in front of等置于句首，且主语是名词而不是代词时。John opened the door.There stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门，那儿站着一位他从来没见过的女孩。(2)代词such放在句首，且在句中作表语时。Such are the facts;no one can deny them.这些就是事实，没有人可以否认它们
7、。(3)为平衡句子结构或使上下文衔接紧密，常将作表语的形容词、副词、分词或介词短语提到句首，引起全部倒装。Seated in the first row are some advanced workers.坐在第一排的是一些先进工作者。Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.一些来自中国的科学家出席了会议。注意 上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。Away they went.他们走开了。2部分倒装(1)so/neither/nor置于句首时，用部分倒装结构。a“sobe动词/助动词/情态动词主语”表示前面所说的肯定情
8、况也适合于另一人或物，意为“也是如此”。Ive got an enormous amount of work to do.So have I.我有大量的工作要做。我也如此。b“neither/norbe动词/助动词/情态动词主语”表示前面所说的否定内容也适用于另一人或物，意为“也不这样”。I dont like it,neither does Tom.我不喜欢它，汤姆也不喜欢它。(2)表示否定意义的副词、连词或短语置于句首时。此类词有not,never,hardly,seldom,scarcely,barely,little,no,nowhere,not only,not until,at n
9、o time,by no means,in no way等。At no time will China be the first to use the nuclear weapons.中国决不会首先使用核武器。(3)在so/such.that.句型中，若so/such.提到句首时。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.光速很快，我们几乎没法想象它的速度。(4)当“only状语(副词、介词短语或从句)”置于句首时。Only in this way can you solve this problem.只有用这
10、种方法，你才可以解决这个问题。(5)“表语、状语或动词原形as/though主语其他”时，句子要倒装。Much as I like it,Ill not buy it.尽管我很喜欢它，但我不会买。Pretty as she is,she is not proud.尽管她很漂亮，但她一点也不自负。Try as he would,he might fail again.尽管他要尝试，但可能还会失败。(6)hardly.when.,no sooner.than.,not only.but(also).等结构中，把hardly,no sooner和not only提到句首时，其所在的主句要倒装。Har
11、dly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.他一听到这个消息就哭了。The computer was used in teaching.As a result,not only was teachersenergy saved,but students became more interested in the lessons.电脑被应用于教学中，结果，不仅节省了老师们的精力，学生们也对课堂更感兴趣了。(7)在省略if的虚拟条件句中(当条件从句中有were，had，should时)。Had you reviewed your
12、lessons,you might have passed the examination.要是早复习了功课，你有可能就通过考试了。Should it not rain tomorrow,we would go for a picnic.要是明天不下雨，我们就可以去野餐。考点 2 强调句1强调句的基本句型是“It is/was被强调的部分that/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语或状语等It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do thatbenefits our work most.给我们工作
13、带来最大益处的不是我们做了多少而是我们将多少爱投入到我们所从事的事业中去。2强调句的几种句式强调句的特殊句式构成例句 一般疑问句Is/Was it被强调部分that/who句子其他部分？Was it Tom who was to blame？正是汤姆应负责任吗？强调句的特殊句式构成例句特殊疑问句特殊疑问词is/was itthat句子其他部分？The patient looks much better.What is it that has made him what he is today？那个病人看上去好多了。是什么让他变成今天这样的呢？强调句的特殊句式构成例句not until句式It
14、is/was not until.that句子其他部分 It was not until midnight that we got home because of traffic jams.因为交通阻塞，直到半夜我们才到家。not.but.句式It is not.but.that.It is not quantity but quality that counts.重要的不是数量而是质量。3用助动词强调谓语如果要强调时态为一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句中的谓语动词，我们在该动词前加助动词do,does或did。Many of the films are from the USA,but we
15、do give awards to films from other countries.许多电影来自于美国，但我们的确也给其他国家的影片颁奖。注意 1强调句型用于强调主语时，要注意谓语动词原句与该主语在人称和数上保持一致。2强调句型的考点主要集中构成强调句型的基本元素that/who上，这两个词是不作成分的。3强调句型不用于强调谓语、表语和定语；强调谓语时要用“助动词do/does/did动词原形”；但有时，为了表达的需要，用倒装结构对表语进行强调。4强调句型的判断方法判断一个句子是否是强调句型可采用还原法，即把it is/was和that/who去掉，如果剩下的部分仍然能组成一个完整的句子
16、，该句就是强调句型，否则就不是。It was Wei Fang that/who met me in the park yesterday.昨天在公园遇见我的人是魏芳。(把It was和that/who去掉可以得到句子：Wei Fang met me in the park yesterday.此句句意和结构均完整，故原句为强调句。)It is a pity that we missed the wonderful film.遗憾的是我们错过了那部好电影。(把It is和that去掉之后，无论是将a pity放在句首还是句末，句子均不合理：A pity we missed the wonder
17、ful film./We missed the wonderful film a pity.很显然原句不是强调句。本句中，it作形式主语，that引导主语从句。)考点 3 省略句1在when,while,whenever,till,if,unless,as if,though,than,as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时，从句的主语和be动词常被省略The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise,if carried outregularly,can improve our health
18、.实验表明，如果有规律地进行适量运动，人们能强身健体。While walking along the street,I heard my name called.走在大街上时，我听见有人叫我的名字。注意 特殊的省略结构：if省略结构，常作为插入语来处理。if so 如果这样的话 if not 若非如此if ever 如果曾经有的话if necessary 如果有必要的话 if possible 如果可能的话if any 如果有的话If necessary,ring me.如有必要，给我打电话。If possible，let me know beforehand.如有可能，事先通知我。Get u
19、p early tomorrow,if not(you dont get up early),you will miss the first bus.明天早点起床，如果不的话，你将会错过头班公共汽车。Whenever(it is)possible,he will come to my help.他会在任何可能的时候来帮助我。2Im afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess等作答句，后面跟so与not分别相当于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去Do you think it will rain?I hope not.你认为会下雨吗？我希望不要下。Do you bel
20、ieve our team will win?I guess so.你相信我们队会赢吗？我猜会赢。3不定式省略，即单独使用不定式符号to(1)用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid/glad/happy,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等的后面。I asked him to see a film,but he didnt want to.我请他去看电影，但他不想去。Will you join in the game?Id be glad to.你愿意加入游戏吗？我
21、很高兴加入。(2)如果不定式中含有be,have,have been，通常保留be,have和have been。Are you a sailor?No,but I used to be.你是海员吗？不，但我过去是。(3)省略不定式符号to的情况。a当主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可省略to。The only thing you have to do is press the button.你唯一要做的事情就是按按钮。b不定式作介词but,except的宾语，前面有实义动词do的某种形式时，不定式常省略to。Brian had nothing to do but play c
22、omputer games this afternoon.今天下午布莱恩除了玩电脑游戏外无事可做。c当两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，后面的不定式符号to可省略，但表示对比关系时则不能省略。Im really puzzled what to think and express.我真的不知道想什么和表达什么。It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.制订计划比执行计划容易。d在see,watch,hear,feel,observe,notice,look at,listen to等感官动词及使役动词let,make,have后作宾语补足语的不
23、定式不加to，但当宾语补足语变为主语补足语时，不定式要加上to。She saw him walk into the house.她看到他走进了那座房子。He was seen to walk into the house.有人看到他走进了那座房子。He had two boys wash his car.他让两个男孩给他洗车。eYoud better/Why not后跟不带to的不定式。Why not try it again?为什么不再试试？Youd better get up early when you want to keep up with others.当你想追赶他人时，你最好起得
24、早些。考点 4 反意疑问句及其他1反意疑问句(1)祈使句式的反意疑问句a肯定的祈使句，简短问句用will you/wont you。b否定的祈使句，简短问句用will you。clets和let us引导的祈使句：lets表“建议，征询”之意时，含听话者在内，故简短问句用shall we；let us表“建议、征询”之意时，不含听话者在内，故简短问句用will you。Lets go out for a walk after supper,shall we?晚饭后我们散散步，好吗？(2)must表示猜测时的反意疑问句a“must be”对现在的情况进行推测，按一般现在时或现在进行时的附加疑问句
25、进行处理。He must be honest,isnt he?他肯定很诚实，不是吗？b“must完成时”用来推测过去的动作，强调对现在的影响。句中没有表示过去时间的状语时，按现在完成时的附加疑问句来处理；如有明确的表过去的时间状语，按一般过去时处理。They must have gone there last night,didnt they?昨天晚上他们肯定去那里了，不是吗？He must have known the truth,hasnt he?他肯定知道了真相，不是吗？(3)主从复合句中，反意疑问句应与主句的主谓语保持一致。He left in a hurry because ther
26、e was no time left,didnt he?他匆忙离开了，因为没有时间了，不是吗？注意 主句中含有think/believe/suppose/consider/.宾语从句的情况：(1)若陈述部分为“I/We think/believe/suppose/consider/.宾语从句”，简短问句的主语和谓语与宾语从句的主语和谓语分别保持一致，且简短问句用否定形式。I suppose that she is careful,isnt she?我认为她很认真，不是吗？We believe she can do it better,cant she?我们相信她能做得更好，不是吗？(2)若陈述
27、部分为“I/We dont think/believe/suppose/consider/.宾语从句”，简短问句的主语和谓语与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致，且简短问句用肯定形式。I dont think that you can do it,can you?我认为这件事你做不了，你能吗？We dont believe that the news is true,is it?我们认为消息不实，是吗？(3)若陈述部分为“主语(非第一人称)think/believe/suppose/consider/.宾语从句”，简短问句的主语和谓语与主句的主语和谓语保持一致，而且简短问句是用肯定形式还是否定形式由
28、主句决定。They all think that English is very useful,dont they?他们都认为英语很重要，是吗？He doesnt think that I can make it,does he?他认为我办不到，是吗？2祈使句and/or/otherwise简单句(多用将来时)(1)祈使句/名词短语and简单句 表示“如果，就”“Only two centimeters higher,and you will break the world record，”encouraged the coach.“只要再高两厘米，你将打破世界纪录。”教练鼓励说。Bring
29、the flowers into a warm room and theyll soon come out.将花带到暖和的房间里，它们将会很快开放。(2)祈使句or/otherwise简单句 表示“，否则”Dont drive so fast,or/otherwise youll have an accident.不要开那么快，否则你会出事的。3感叹句(1)what引导的感叹句aWhata/anadj.单数可数名词(主语谓语)!What a good heart you have!你的心肠真好！bWhatadj.不可数名词/可数名词复数(主语谓语)!What interesting stori
30、es hes told us!他给我们讲的故事真有趣！(2)how引导的感叹句aHowadj./adv.(主语谓语)!How clever the boy is!这个男孩多么聪明啊！bHowadj.a/an单数可数名词(主语谓语)!How clever a boy he is!他是一个多么聪明的男孩啊！4There be句型There be 句型表示“有”，there本身没有词义，be是谓语动词，be后面的名词/代词是主语。be可以有不同的形式，而且可以和情态动词连用。(1)There be句型中的beaThere be句型中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。There is
31、a flower in the bottle.瓶中有一朵花。There are five books on the desk.桌上有五本书。b若There be句型中主语为并列结构，be的数和人称遵循就近原则。There is a boy,a girl and two women in the house.房子里有一个男孩、一个女孩和两个妇女。There are ten students and a teacher in the office.办公室里有十个学生和一个老师。(2)There be句型的变体There be结构中的谓语动词be有时可用remain,stand,lie,go,exi
32、st,follow,live,come,occur等替换。Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。误区警示误区 一 倒装句中助动词、系动词、情态动词的缺失或主谓一致的误用(1)【误】Only when he was 30 years old he begin to learn English.【正】Only when he was 30 years old did he begin to learn English.分析 当only和所修饰的状语位于句首时，
33、引起部分倒装，根据语境可知，主句应用一般过去时，故倒装后应提取助动词did。(2)【误】Next door to ours lives a foreign couple,who seem to have settled into life in China.【正】Next door to ours live a foreign couple,who seem to have settled into life in China.分析 此句是完全倒装结构，句子的真正主语是a foreign couple，故谓语动词用复数形式live。误区二 强调句型与三大从句(名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句)的
34、误用【误】Its more than half a century that my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant of the people.【正】Its more than half a century since my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant of the people.分析 此句是“It is一段时间since.”句型。注意 强调句型与三大从句的区别：(1)与名词性从句区别：强调句型去掉It is/was和that之后，句子结构仍然完整，语义通
35、顺，而名词性从句却不能。It is there that accidents often happen.(强调句)正是在那儿经常发生事故。It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(名词性从句)英语作为一门国际语言正被广为接受是个事实。(2)与定语从句区别：强调句中that没有语义，且不作任何成分，而定语从句中that为关系代词，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。It is novels that Miss William enjoys reading.(强调句)威廉小姐喜欢读的是小说。It i
36、s a question that needs careful consideration.(定语从句)这是一个需认真考虑的问题。(3)与时间状语从句区别：强调句型去掉It is/was和that后，结构完整，而It is.when.中，it指代时间。It was at six oclock that I got up today.(强调句)今天我是在六点起的床。It was six oclock when I got up today.(时间状语从句)今天我起床时已六点了。误区三 省略句中to的缺失【误】She was reading in bed,and her mother told h
37、er not.【正】She was reading in bed,and her mother told her not to.分析 动词不定式在like,love,care,want,hope,wish,expect,prefer,refuse,decide,mean,intend,try,promise等动词后作宾语时，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式后的内容，但要保留不定式符号to。误区四 感叹句中what与how的误用【误】You simply cant imagine how a wonderful time we have been having!【正】You simply cant
38、imagine what a wonderful time we have been having!分析 how引导的感叹句型为：howadj.a/an单数可数名词。误区五 祈使句、反意疑问句中的常见误用(1)【误】They dont believe she is an engineer,isnt she?【正】They dont believe she is an engineer,do they?分析 当主句的主语为二、三人称时，其反意疑问句应与主句一致，与从句无关。(2)【误】Study hard,or youll succeed.【误】Studying hard,and youll s
39、ucceed.【正】Study hard,and youll succeed.【正】Studying hard,youll succeed.分析 本句要么用“祈使句and/or/otherwise简单句”结构，因逗号前后为并列递进关系，故应用and；要么用非谓语动词作状语的形式。考点过关1.单句语法填空Lily said that was because of her strong interest in medicine that she chose the course.When (expose)to danger and conflict,men tend to increase blo
40、od pressure,feeling nervous or anxious.One more day,I will get everything ready.it exposed and On the top of the hill (stand)a temple where the old man once lived.Though your father shouted at you just now,he love you indeed.stands does2单句写作公共汽车的前面躺着一个受伤的人，浑身是血。Just an injured man,all covered with b
41、lood.在昨天的晚会上她一首歌也没有唱。Not a single song at yesterdays party.他上周日的确来看过你，但是你出去了。He to see you last Sunday,but you were out.in front of the bus lies did she sing did come 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。Work hard，youll regret.架子上有一个杯子，两个瓶子和一些苹果。，two bottles and some apples on the shelf.when(you are)youngor There is a cup本课结束