1、第5讲 形容词和副词高考感知单句语法填空1.(2019全国卷)They also shared with us many (tradition)stories about Hawaii that were (huge)popular with tourists.答案：traditional;hugely 第一空所填词修饰名词stories，故应用tradition的形容词形式traditional。第二空所填词修饰形容词popular，故应用huge的副词形式hugely。2.(2019全国卷)We are so proud of her.Its (wonder).答案：wonderful 系
2、动词is后面跟形容词作表语。3.(2018浙江高考)There could be an even (high)cost on your health.答案：higher 根据空格前的even可知应用比较级。4.(2018全国卷)A taste for meat is (actual)behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens,pigs and cattle.答案：actually 修饰介词短语behind the change用副词。5.(2017全国卷)The Central London
3、Railway was one of the most(success)of these new lines,and was opened in 1900.答案：successful 此处为形容词最高级的表达。单句写作1.(2019全国卷)让我惊讶的一件事就是一个病人在看过医生后能感觉(比原来)好很多。One was that I was at the fact that a sick person could feel after seeing a doctor.2.(2018全国卷)我为他们生活得以改善而感到高兴。I that their life had improved.amazed
4、much betterfelt happy3.(2018全国卷)立即，我举起了手。，I raised my hand.4.(2017全国卷)我喜欢研究不同种类的汽车和飞机，研究流行音乐及收集最新的音乐专辑。I enjoyed studying kinds of cars and planes,playing pop music,and collecting music albums.5.(2016全国卷)然而，他希望他的生意能稳步增长。Instead,he hopes that his business will.ImmediatelyImmediatelythe latestgrow ste
5、adily考点透析考点 1 形容词、副词的基本功能1形容词的基本语法功能(1)形容词作定语一般情况下，形容词作定语时，放在被修饰词之前。It didnt make use of long muscles we used to throw a baseball,and it wasnt a smooth operation like ice-skating.它并没有利用我们投掷棒球时使用的长肌，也不像滑冰那样平稳运转。但在下列情况下，形容词要放在被修饰词后面。a形容词作定语修饰由some-，any-，every-，no-和-body,-thing,-one等构成的复合不定代词时，需后置。Ther
6、e is nobody absent today.今天没有人缺席。She must have met something dangerous.她肯定遇到了危险。b一些表语形容词作定语时，常放在被修饰词的后面，如alive,alike,awake,asleep,alone等。In the American continents,Canada and Argentina alone have succeeded.在美洲大陆，只有加拿大和阿根廷已取得成功。c形容词短语作定语时要后置，这些形容词短语大多由“形容词介词短语/不定式短语”构成。It is a problem difficult to so
7、lve.这是一个难解决的问题。He is a boy good at sports.他是个擅长体育运动的男孩。d由and/or连接的并列形容词成对使用时要后置。There was a huge room,simple and beautiful.有一个大房间，简朴而美丽。She has many pencils,blue and red.她有许多铅笔，有蓝的和红的。(2)形容词作表语通常情况下，在系动词之后用形容词作表语，系动词有以下几种：状态系动词：be(is/am/are/was/were)变化系动词：become,get,turn,grow,go,come,fall持续系动词：keep,
8、remain,stay,lie,stand感官系动词：look,smell,taste,feel,sound终止系动词：prove,turn out表象系动词：seem,appearThe boy fell ill last night.昨晚那个男孩病倒了。Our country becomes stronger and stronger.我们国家变得越来越强大。(3)形容词作宾补形容词作宾语补足语时，可以表示宾语的性质、状态，也可以表示某一动作的结果。Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.请保持教室干净、整洁。Who left the door o
9、pen?谁没有关门？I think it very interesting.我认为它很有趣。(4)形容词作状语形容词用作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。这类结构通常可用从句或并列句来改写。They arrived home,tired and hungry.他们回到家，又累又饿。He came over,eager to help.He came over and(he)was eager to help.他走过来，急于想帮忙。注意 of抽象名词抽象名词对应的形容词，如of importanceimportant。2副词的基本语法功能(1)副词作状语副词主要用
10、来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或者修饰整个句子。His speech directly affected the strike.(修饰动词)他的演讲直接影响了罢工。He is very diligent.(修饰形容词)他非常勤奋。You can find books on that subject quite easily.(修饰副词)你能很容易地找到关于那个科目的书。Luckily she was in when I called.(修饰句子)幸运的是，当我打电话的时候她在家。注意(1)形容词与副词作状语时的差别形容词作状语时，表示状态或结果；而副词作状语时，表示方式。After the lo
11、ng journey,the three of them went back home,hungry and tired.经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到了家，又饿又累。有些副词置于句首，可修饰全句，作评注性状语。Luckily,her stepmother was kind to her.幸运的是，她的继母对她很好。(2)副词修饰整个句子时，有三种常见的情况表示逻辑连接关系。常见的此类副词有therefore,however,otherwise,furthermore,nevertheless等。Therefore,we have to come here again tomorrow.因此，
12、我们明天还得来这儿一趟。表示评述或说话人的态度。常见的此类副词有importantly,luckily,fortunately,unfortunately,strangely等。Unfortunately,he failed again.不幸的是，他又失败了。表示方式。常见的此类副词有quietly,warmly,carefully,happily,carelessly等。He carelessly left the door unlocked.他粗心地没锁门就离开了。(3)频率副词及enough作状语的位置频率副词常放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前。I have never
13、seen him before.我以前从未见过他。(never放在助动词have之后)He usually reads books.他经常读书。(usually放在行为动词reads之前)enough放在所修饰的形容词或副词的后面。He isnt old enough to join the army.他还不到参军的年龄。(enough修饰形容词old，放在old之后)(2)副词作表语表示位置的副词(above,across,inside,upstairs等)作表语时说明主语的状态或特征；表示动作方向的副词(up,down,on,in,off,out等)作表语时含有动作意义。Isnt he u
14、p yet?他还没起床吗？Im sorry but he is not in.对不起，他不在家。考点 2 形容词、副词的级别1形容词和副词原级的用法A谓语asadj./adv.asBA谓语asadj.ann.单数asBA谓语asadj.n.复数/不可数asB类似用法的词：Today is as busy a day as yesterday.今天跟昨天一样忙。Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.亨利的书没有我的书多。How clever a student he was when he was a child!当他小的时候他是一个多么聪
15、明的学生啊！2形容词和副词比较级的用法(1)形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则规则变化构成法原级比较级最高级 单音节词末一般直接加-er和-estgreatgreatergreatest单音节词以-e结尾，只加-r和-stbrave widebraver widerbravest widest构成法原级比较级最高级闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er和-estbig hotbigger hotterbiggest hottest以辅音字母加-y结尾的词，先变-y为-i，再加-er和-esthappyhappierhappiest 构成法原级比较级最高级多音
16、节词和少数双音节词在前面加more和mostdifficult expensivemore difficultmore expensivemost difficult most expensiveclever cleverer cleverest 少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词，加-er和-estnarrownarrower narrowest注意 1有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加-er和-est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：common，handsome，polite，quiet，wicked，pleasant，cruel，stupid，tired和以
17、-ow，-er结尾的词。2有些形容词没有程度可分，或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right 正确的，wrong 错误的，excellent 优秀的，possible 可能的，empty 空的，favorite 最爱的，perfect 完美的等。不规则变化原级比较级最高级 good,wellbetterbestbad,illworseworstmany,much(许多的)moremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest注意 1further
18、不仅可以指“距离更远”，还可指“程度更深”。further education 深造，further information 进一步的信息。2elder不能与than连用，只能用作定语修饰名词，仅用于同辈之间的排行，即家庭成员的长幼关系，如：elder sister 姐姐，elder brother 哥哥。(2)形容词和副词的比较级结构aA谓语形容词/副词比较级thanB。You look much younger than I do.你看起来比我年轻得多。bA谓语less形容词/副词原级thanB为否定比较，意为“A不及/不如B”。This computer is less expensiv
19、e than mine.这台计算机没我的贵。c隐性条件下的比较级用法，即在句中没有比较级标志性词than，而是通过语境来分辨是否用比较级。The pianos in the other shop are cheaper,but not as good.在另一家店的钢琴便宜一些，但不及别家的好。(3)形容词和副词的最高级用法a表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构为“the最高级比较范围(如of all,of the three,in the world等)”，表示“是中最的”，前面一般加定冠词the;副词最高级修饰动词，前面可不加the。He runs fastest of the three.
20、三个人中他跑得最快。b“one of the形容词最高级可数名词复数形式比较范围”，表示“中最的之一”。New York is one of the biggest cities in America.纽约是美国最大的城市之一。注意“themost形容词原级”表示“最”，句中通常要有比较范围；而“amost形容词原级”不表示比较，most相当于very。Tom is the most diligent student in his class.汤姆是他班里最勤奋的学生。He told us a most amusing story yesterday.他昨天给我们讲了一个非常好笑的故事。考点
21、3 形容词、副词级别相关句式1“the形容词/副词比较级，the形容词/副词比较级”表示“越就越”The harder you work,the greater progress you will make.你越努力，你取得的进步就越大。2the比较级of the two(名词)The taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中高个的是我哥哥。3否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义I have never spent a more worrying day since I graduated.自从我毕业以来，这是我度过的最担心的一天。注意(1)类似用法的结
22、构：cant/couldnt.tooadj./adv.cant/couldnt.adj./adv.enough表示“无论也不为过”。(2)英语中有些词没有比较级，但仍可表示比较级的意思，通常与介词to连用，不与than共同使用，如：senior,junior,superior,inferior等。4“形容词/副词比较级and形容词/副词比较级”表示“越来越”在“比较级and比较级”结构中，单音节形容词或副词用“形容词/副词-erand形容词/副词-er”结构，多音节形容词和副词常用“more and more形容词或副词原级”结构。Things are getting better and b
23、etter day by day.情况正在一天天好起来。Its becoming more and more difficult to find a rewarding job.找一份令人满意的工作越来越困难了。5倍数表达法倍数表达法的几种常见结构：(1)A is倍数比较级thanB(2)A is倍数as原级asB(3)A is倍数the名词(size,length,height等)ofB(4)The名词(size,length,height等)ofA is倍数thatofB(5)A is倍数what引导的名词性从句注意 1修饰形容词/副词比较级的词有：rather，much，still，ev
24、en，far，by far 后置，a lot，a little，a great deal，a bit等。The students study even harder than before.学生们比以前学习更努力了。The book is better by far than that one.这本书比那本书要好得多。2最高级可用by far，almost，nearly及序数词修饰，表示程度或顺序。The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的。考点
25、 4 形容词、副词构词法及易混副词一 构成形容词的常见后缀1动词-ableadviseadvisable 可取的；明智的comfortcomfortable 舒适的2动词-entdifferdifferent 不同的insistinsistent 坚持的3名词-ysnowsnowy 下雪的windwindy 多风的flowerflowery 多花的；似花(香)的rainrainy 多雨的4名词-alnationnational 国家的educationeducational 教育的naturenatural 天然的additionadditional 附加的5名词-enwoodwooden 木
26、制的goldgolden 金色的6名词-ishfoolfoolish 愚蠢的selfselfish 自私的boyboyish 顽皮可爱的childchildish 孩子气的7动词-iveactactive 积极的impressimpressive 印象深刻的8名词-fulpowerpowerful 强有力的peacepeaceful 和平的wonderwonderful 精彩的helphelpful 有帮助的faithfaithful 忠诚的shameshameful 可耻的thankthankful 感到庆幸的9名词-ousdangerdangerous 危险的couragecourageo
27、us 勇敢的10名词-lyfriendfriendly 友好的orderorderly 有秩序的timetimely 及时的monthmonthly 每月的yearyearly 每年的二 形容词-ly构成副词的规则情况构成例词 一般情况加-lyquickquickly，bravebravely，immediateimmediately以辅音字母-y结尾将y改为i再加-lyeasyeasily,happyhappily，heavyheavily,busybusily情况构成例词以-le结尾去e加-ysimplesimply，gentlegently以元音字母-e结尾去e加-lytruetruly
28、 以-ll结尾只加-yfullfully,dulldully 以-ic结尾加-allybasicbasically，scientificscientifically 注意(1)注意以下形容词变副词的拼写wholewholly 完全地 shyshyly 害羞地drydryly/drily 干燥地 goodwell 好地(2)注意以-ly结尾的形容词friendly 友好的 lovely 可爱的lively 精力充沛的 lonely 孤独的deadly 致命的 monthly 每月的yearly 每年的 daily 每日的weekly 每周的三 几组易混副词的区别1表原意(无-ly)和抽象概念(有
29、-ly)的副词deep 深地；在深处deeply 深深地；深刻地wide 广阔地；充分地widely 广泛地 high 高；向高处highly 很，非常；非常赞许地；高度地close 挨着；接近closely 密切地2有无-ly意义大不相同的副词dead 完全地，全然地 be dead asleepdeadly 非常 be deadly tiredpretty 相当 be pretty certain that.prettily 漂亮地 be prettily dressedlate 晚，迟 arrive late，come latelately 最近；近来 I havent seen him
30、 lately.hard 努力地 work hardhardly 几乎不 He has hardly eaten anything.误区警示误区一 词性混用(1)形容词误作动词【误】He eagers to know everything about China.【正】He is eager to know everything about China.分析 eager为形容词，不可作谓语。(2)形容词与名词混淆【误】The sport teaches us the important of obedience.【正】The sport teaches us the importance of
31、 obedience.分析 定冠词the后应用名词形式。(3)形容词与副词混淆【误】Unfortunate,many people are ignorant of it.【正】Unfortunately,many people are ignorant of it.分析 副词可单独作状语，用来修饰整个句子。【误】You can easy make up an excuse to avoid going out with him.【正】You can easily make up an excuse to avoid going out with him.分析 修饰动词短语make up应用副词
32、easily。误区二 词形相似，意义有别的词语的误用【误】I found the test difficult,but I tried hardly to do it.【正】I found the test difficult,but I tried hard to do it.分析 根据语境可知，此处表示尽力做某事，hardly“几乎不”，hard“努力地”。误区三 比较等级的误用【误】People are becoming richer and the country is much more stronger.【正】People are becoming richer and the c
33、ountry is much stronger.分析 strong的比较级形式是stronger。误区四 否定比较的误用【误】Mr Stevenson is great to work forI really couldnt ask for a goodboss.【正】Mr Stevenson is great to work forI really couldnt ask for a betterboss.分析 此处是比较级用于含有否定意义的句子中表达最高级的含义。考点过关1.单句语法填空The articles are intended for younger readers,but ad
34、ults will find this site(suit)for them as well.Almost all the fables he wrote are (humor)and entertaining,appealing to people of all ages.This film is (interest)than any other one that I have ever seen.suitable humorous more interesting Learning signals of respect in various (culture)backgrounds can
35、 help you avoid misunderstanding.Anyone,whether he is an official or a bus driver,should be(equal)respected.I think youll get a bit (fat)by then.cultural equally fatter2单句写作越忙，他就感觉越快乐。he is,he feels.这两个男孩子谁年长些？Who is two boys?The busierthe happierthe older of the 这本书没用。This book is.This book is.现在的产量是十年前的三倍。The production is now ten years ago.of no useuseless three times what it was本课结束