1、Module 4 CarnivalExplanations for new words and phrases1、extend：vi./vt. (时、空间的)延伸/延续/延长；伸出(手臂等)/展开(翅膀)； 同练P81-3-2 扩展/扩大/扩张/扩散；给予(欢迎, 帮助等)/提供/赠送/发出等。extend your hands伸出手 extend ones business扩大其营业 extend financial help to sb.给予某人资助The hot weather extended into October.热到十月。 The road extends for miles.
2、路绵延数英里。The mountains extend over the western end of the island. 山脉向岛屿的西端延伸出去。He extended his hand in greeting.伸手欢迎。 The birds extend their wings in flight.展翅飞翔。 The car park has been extended.停车场被扩建。 Fruit trees extended out over the fences.树枝伸出墙。 extend for 延续.(距离)； extend over 延续.(时间), 遍布； extend
3、from从.伸出来； extend out 伸出；extend from .to/into从.延绵/延伸插到.； extend through .贯穿.； extend through to (一直)延伸到。拓展：extended延长(伸展)的/持续的/扩大/展的 extensive广阔/广泛/大规模的intend 意欲/打算/想让.做辨析：extend： “延长,伸展”,指时、空上的扩展与延长。 也可指比喻意义上的“延长”，或范围的“扩展”。the extended meaning of a word (词汇的引伸意义)，to extend (or lengthen) a road (延长道
4、路)， to extend (or lengthen) ones stay. (延长某人的逗留)；Can you extend your visit for a few days more? 你能把你的访问再延长几天吗？The railway will be extended next year. 明年将要延长这条铁路。He is extending his eyes with radar; 人类借助雷达来扩大自己的视野。My garden extends as far as the river. 我的花园一直伸展到河边expand：“不受约束地扩大”,用于具体事物时指体积的膨胀。Water
5、expands when it freezes.水结冰会膨胀。Their business expanded into other hotels and properties. 他们的业务扩展到了其他旅馆和房地产。prolong：“延长”,多指时间上的延长。 就细节达成协议。Two countries prolonged signing an agreement until details could be agreed on. 两国推迟签约直到同练P82-4-2 2、pretend： vt. 假装。 + that-clause/ to do。“假装正”用不定式进行时；“假装已”用不定式完成时
6、。Ordinary people could pretend to be rich and important, while famous people could have romantic adventures in secret. 普通人可以装成阔佬和要人，而名人也可以偷偷地体验浪漫奇遇。He pretended to be friendly with us.装出友好。He pretended not to have heard about it.假装没听过这事。The students pretended to be reading when the teacher came in.
7、老师进来时，学生们假装在读书。He pretended to have been punished by the teacher. 他假装受到了老师的惩罚。He pretended that he was ill so that he could stay at home. 他装病以便能呆在家里。3、come to an end：动词短语，意为“完结/终止/结束”= be over。 反义短语：begin with开始。The original Venice carnival came to an end about 200 years ago. 最初的威尼斯狂欢节在200年前就完结了。The
8、 Chinese Spring Festival begins on January 1st and comes to an end on January 15th according to the lunar calendar(阴历).中国春节, 按阴历从元月初一到元月十五。The meeting came to an end at last. 会议终于结束了。拓展：bring.to an end结束 put an end to结束 end up结束(不及物) end up with以结束He brought his lecture to an end around ten oclock.
9、他在10点左右结束了他的演讲。Lets put an end to this quarrel. 我们结束这场争吵吧。Our game always ends up in a quarrel. 我们总是在吵闹中结束比赛。常用短语: come to a crisis陷入危机 come to a close渐近结束,临终 come to an agreement达成协议come to life苏醒/变得活跃/显得逼真come to light显露,暴露,成为人所共知 come to power(开始)掌权,上台3、dress up：装扮/梳妆打扮。 强调外表上的衣着讲究。同练P78-2-2 后跟as
10、/like表“打扮成”；跟for表“为场合而打扮”；跟in表“用衣装扮”。Dont bother to dress upcome as you are. 用不著穿讲究衣服就穿平常的衣服来吧。We dressed up for the school ball on Christmas Day. 我们为参加学校的圣诞舞会而盛装打扮。I just love the fun of dressing up in ancient clothing. 我喜欢穿上古装的乐趣。The little girl dressed herself up as an angle. 这小姑娘把自己装扮成天使。归纳：dres
11、s sb.给某人穿衣 be dressed in穿着He is smartly dressed in red when I saw him at the dinner. 在宴会上见到他身着红衣，帅气十足。She dressed her son in a hurry, because he couldnt dress himself. 匆匆给儿子穿上衣，因自己不会。辨析：wear，have on，put on，dress，(be)in1) wear：用于穿衣服、戴眼镜(手套/首饰/帽)等，强调“穿(戴)”的状态。Today she is wearing her necklace.2) have
12、on：同wear一样，也表状态，但不用于进行时态。 He has on a red T-shirt every day.3) put on：着重强调“穿(戴)上”的动作。He put on his coat and went out.4) dress：vt./vi.，宾语是人而非衣帽等物。也可跟副词表状态。 be dressed in表状态，“穿着”的意思。Since the accident he cant feed or dress himself. dress well /badly / neatly 衣着漂亮/难看/整洁She is always dressed in black. 她
13、总穿着黑衣服。5) (be) in：“颜色或服装、眼镜等”也表“穿着”的状态，在句中作表语或定语。The lady who is in white is our teacher of Chinese.4、revive：vi./vt. (使)苏醒/恢复精力/复元/恢复生机; (使)复兴/再兴起/再流行; (使)再生效; 回想。 The fresh air soon revived him. 新鲜空气很快就使他苏醒过来了。These flowers will revive in water.花在水中会再活。The crops revived in the rain.在雨中又生机盎然。The fin
14、e arts revived during the Renaissance. 在文艺复兴时期美术复兴了。The Prime Minister promised to revive the economy. 首相承诺振兴经济。The picture revived memories of his childhood. 这张照片使他回忆起他的童年时代。5、book： vt. 预订。 宾语主要是“房间、座位、票”等。 同练P84-6 Hotels are fully booked and the narrow streets are crowded with wonderful costumes.酒
15、店已被预订一空，狭窄的街道上满眼都是华丽的盛装。Id like to book three seats for tonights concert.我想预订三个今晚音乐会的座位。Id like to book a table for 8 oclock tonight. 我想订一张今晚八点的餐桌。Please book a double room for me. 请给我订一个双人间。I have booked two seats for the theatre on Saturday. 我预订了两张星期六的戏票。辨析：book：“预订”, 多指预订各种席位, 如交通订票、旅馆房间、娱乐场馆座位等的
16、位置；order：“预订”, 多指预订各种货物、饭菜、衣服等。I have booked two tickets for the film tonight. Mary has booked a flight from New York to London.The lecturer is booked for every night of this week.They are said to have ordered more grain from Canada. I have ordered a camera on line.搭配： book in：签到; (旅馆等)登记旅客姓名等; 签收发(
17、货物)；预定旅馆房间; 办理登记手续。The latest representatives booked in at 3 oclock. 最后一批代表已经在三点钟报到了。I could not get even one ticket since all the seats were booked up. 一张票也弄不到，所有位都已预定。book sth. to sb.( = book sth. down to sb.) 把货款记在某人帐上。 book through 买直达票; 直运(行李)。book up 预订(车、船、飞机票、旅社房间等)。 by the book 按规则,按照惯例。6、w
18、ander： vi. 漫步/闲逛；迷路/迷失方向；离题。 常跟across, through, around, about, from等介词连用。wander across or through漫步穿过 wander through the woods徘徊 / 蜿蜒穿行于林中 wander toward town漫步走向城市 wander about/over the world漫游世界 wander from the subject/point离题 让自己的思想开小差。His mind is wandering.他心不在焉。 Dont let your mind wander during
19、the lecture.在上课时不要The children wandered in the woods. 孩子们在树林里漫步。She was wandering aimlessly up and down the road. 她在路上漫无目的地来回溜达。The boys wandered around the town with nothing to do. 那些男孩无所事事，在镇上到处闲逛。Be careful not to wander from the subject. 注意不要偏离正题。 The river wanders through some beautiful village
20、s. 这条河蜿蜒曲折地流经一些风景秀丽的乡村。7、consist of be made up of：由组成/构成(表示由几部分组成一个整体)。无被动语态或进行时态。The United Nations Organization consists of over 160 nations. 联合国组织由一百六十多个国家组成。Our class consists of 50 students.Our class is made up of 50 students. 我们班是由50个学生组成的。Happiness does not consist in how many possessions you
21、 own. 幸福不在于你拥有多少私人财产。The report does not consist with the fact. 那报道与事实不合。辨析：consist of，make up，be made up ofconsist of be made up of：由组成，不用于被动语态。 相当于include的意思。 make up：组成，占(比例)。为主动形式，表示“部分组成一个整体”的意思。This club consists of more than 200 members. 这个俱乐部有200多位会员。This club is made up of more than 200 mem
22、bers. More than 200 members make up this club.8、relaxing： adj. 令人放松的；使人懒洋洋的，表主语“物”的性质。Calypso is greatits exciting and relaxing at the same time!卡吕普索太棒了它能让你既兴奋又放松！The sunlight above the beach in spring is relaxing.春天沙滩上的阳光让人懒洋洋的。We spent a relaxing evening together. 我们一起度过了一个轻松的夜晚。 作中转移开来。I find fis
23、hing is relaxing and it takes my mind off my work. 觉得钓鱼是一种休息,可使注意力从工反义词： intense 紧张的 strained紧张的relaxed： adj. (人感到)放松/轻松/自在/无拘无束的；舒适的。 指人自身放松的,不紧张的,主语是人。He looks relaxed about the serious matter. 对于这个严重的事情，他看起来很轻松。Its a relaxing journey. I feel relaxed after the exam.relax： v. (使)放松。 relaxation：n. 放
24、松；消遣。A holiday will help you relax after your exams.考试之后放个假有助于缓解紧张情绪。These pills will relax you and make you sleep.这些药丸对你有镇静和催眠的作用。Fishing is my favourite relaxation. 我最喜欢的消遣是钓鱼。9、mark：vt. 标志(着)。 后接名词(短语)作宾语，相当于make known或show。This marked the beginning of the slave trade. 这标志着奴隶贸易的开始。 进步。His new fil
25、m marked a major advance in cinematic techniques. 他的新电影标志着电影技术的巨大mark：vt. 标记/标上，在留记号”。 mark.on./ be marked with 用.标记.；给.打分；表明。 Mark the place on the map.在地图上标那地。Mark the furs with their place of origin.在皮毛上标产地。Prices are marked on the goods在商品上标.价。a muddy road marked with footprints留有足迹的泥路I have twe
26、nty essays to mark tonight. 今晚我有二十篇文章要评阅/批改。 钟, 时针指向2点。 A smile marked her happiness.笑容表明了她的幸福。 He looked at the clock. It marked two.他看了看mark：n. 污迹；记/符号；特征；分数。 put a mark做记号 a man of mark有影响的人/ 著名的人Who made these dirty marks on my new book? 谁把我的新书弄上了这些污迹？Put a question mark at the end of that sente
27、nce. 在那个句末划一个问号。Good manners are the mark of a civilized person. 彬彬有礼是文明人的特征。He got a mark of 95 instead of 100. 他得了95分，而不是100分。10、import：vt. 进口。 反义词 export The country has to import most of its raw materials.这个国家大部分原料须进口。辨析： import：“进口,引进”，着重指从国外带进或从一个领域进入另一个领域；introduce：“引进、推广”, 侧重指面向市场或民众, 把物体推广、
28、普及。The country imported large amount of rice from China every year. They have introduced a new species to Aferica. 11、abolish：vt.废止/废除(法律/制度/习俗等)。=get rid of; do away with。犹指消除长期存在的风俗/习惯等,abolish slavery 废除奴隶制 Bad customs should be abolished. 坏的风俗应当废除。Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery in the United
29、States. 亚伯拉罕林肯在美国废除了奴隶制。 These superstitious practices should be abolished as soon as possible. 这些迷信做法应尽早取消。12、celebration： n. C 庆典，庆祝。表示对某一事件、节日的庆贺。In fact, there arent any spectators/looker-oneverybody who is here is part of the celebrations.事实上，没有任何旁观者这里的每个人都是庆祝活动的一部分。His birthday celebration wen
30、t on all day. 他的生日庆祝活动持续了一整天。We held a celebration yesterday. 昨天我们举行了一场庆典。拓展： in celebration of 为庆祝 六十周年，举办了盛大的晚会。A grand party was held in celebration of the 60th anniversary of our motherland. 为庆祝祖国成立celebrate： v. 庆祝Tom celebrated his 24th birthday two days ago. 两天前汤姆庆祝了他24岁生日。辨析：celebrate，congrat
31、ulatecelebrate：指以行动来庆祝生日、节日等，一般指祝贺某件事情。congratulate：指对个人经努力获得成功的祝贺，以言语表达祝贺之意，对象为人。congratulate sb.(on sth.)。Li Ming held a party to celebrate his admission to Tsinghua University, and his friends congratulated him on it. 李明举行了一个聚会庆祝被清华大学录取，他的朋友们都祝贺他。We celebrated his birthday with a party. 我们举行宴会来庆祝
32、他的生日。She congratulated him on his success. 她祝贺他获得成功。13、origin： n. 起源/起点/来源；出身/血统。the origins of civilization 文明的起源 be of noble / humble origin出身高贵/微贱Many words in the English language are French in origin. 英语中的许多词源于法语。Whats the origin of your anxiety? 你焦虑的根源是什么?He is considered to be of noble origin
33、s. 人们都认为他出身高贵。He is a German by origin. 他原籍德国/是德国血统。originate： vt. 创造/创始/开创/创办/发明；发(起源/来自)于/产(发)生；发起/引起。They originated the plan. 他们首先提出这一计划。originate from/in sth.由某事产生/引起 originate from/with 由某人发起/首创The film originated in/from a short story. 这部电影取材于一篇短篇小说。The quarrel originated in a misunderstandin
34、g. 争吵是由于误解而引起的。Coal of all kinds originated from the decay of plants. 各种煤都是由植物的朽烂形成的。All theories originate from/in practice and in turn serve practice.理论源于实践,反过来又为实践服务。The optic theory originated with Einstein. 光学理论是爱因斯坦首创的。The idea originated with her.这主意是她最先想出来的。The use of the computer has origin
35、ated many other reforms.电脑的使用引起了其他许多的革新。original： adj. 起初的/原来的；独创的，新颖的；原版/作的。 The original settlers are the Indians. 最早在这里定居的是印第安人。Your designs are highly original. 你的设计很独特。The inventor had an original mind. 那个发明家具有创新的头脑。The original picture is worth 1000 dollars. 这幅画的原作值1000美元。come out： v. 出来/出现；显露
36、/露出；开花/长出；真相大白。1. 出现。 The moon came out from behind the clouds.月亮从云后露出脸来。The rain stopped and the sun came out.2. 出版。 The authors new book just came out. 作家的新书刚出版。 The report came out in 2007.When will his new novel come out? 他新创作的小说什么时候出版?3. 结果是。 Everything came out wrong.每件事结果都错误 The party came ou
37、t all right.晚会开得很好。4. 传出/说出/道出。 When the news came out, everyone was shocked. 消息传来,人人都感到震惊。5. 总计。 The total came out at 1010. 总数算出来为一千零十。6. 成为众所周知。 It was only after his death that the truth came out. 死后才真相大白.7. (照片)显形成功。 Only one of our photos came out. 8. 清除。 Red wine stains dont come out easily.
38、污渍不易清除.拓展：come across偶然发现/偶遇；被理解。 come about发生；产生。 come into being形成；产生。come on快点(口)，开始，到来，举行，走吧，一起去。 come to苏醒，总共，达到，得到谅解。come up (种子)生长，发育；被提出。 come up with赶上；想出。 come up to达到(某点)。come true实现。 come off脱落，分开；实现，成功。How did it come about that humans speak so many different languages?人类会说多语言是咋产生的？Your
39、 point really came across at the meeting. 大家确实理解了你在会议上的观点。When I tried to lift the kettle, the handle came off in my hand. 我刚想提水壶，把手就掉在我的手里了。People can put ideas together in many ways and can come up with new ideas. 人们能在许多方面把一些想法综合在一起，并提出一些新观点。Do you know how the earth came into being ? 你知道地球是如何形成的吗
40、？on end 时间连续地。 反义词：break off突然停止,暂停； give up停止,抛弃1. 竖着；The frightening noise set her hair on end. 恐怖的声音使她毛骨悚然。2. 连续地； He worked on his novel for months on end. 他连续几个月都在写他的小说。They danced for hours on end.连续跳舞几小时。 He works three day on end. 连续工作了三天。Sometimes we work for 24 hours on end. 有时我们连续24小时工作。
41、It has been raining for days on end. 一连好几天连续下雨。 In order to pass the exam,she has prepared it for a month on end. 为通过考试, 连续准备了一月。in secret 秘密地。 反义词：in public 当众,公开地,公然地; in the table 在桌面上,公开地Although having been prohibited by the government,many persons hit the pipe in secret.尽管被政府禁止,仍有许多人秘密地吸毒。 by
42、force 用武力迫使。= by force = with force = by arms = with arms 反义词：by/with reason 用理性,用道理The policemen took the prisoners away by force.警察用武力把罪犯带走。make fun of 作弄,取笑,嘲笑。 Its cruel to make fun of the disable.作弄残疾人是很残忍的事情。辨析：play a trick on sb. “对某人搞恶作剧”,指对某人施展诡计、阴谋从而进行作弄，含有贬义；make fun of sb. 一般用语,常用于指无恶意的“
43、作弄,嘲笑某人”。take part in 参加。 Take part in all kinds of parties in university,then youll improve your abilities.反义词：retreat from 放弃, 退出。 在大学里参加各种聚会,你会提高你的能力。辨析： join in：“参加”,强调加入某活动或某项组织成为其中一分子；take part in：一般指参加某项活动、聚会等,不指加入某项组织；play a part in：“参加”,一般指加入某活动中,并发挥作用、作出贡献。see about注意；安排；处理。He promised to
44、see about the matter.答应注意这事。Well see about that!走着瞧！see after：照顾。 Please see after the children while Im gone. 我不在家时请照看一下孩子们。see off：为某人送行。saw the guests off at the door.把客送到门口。Went to the airport to see us off.去机场送行。see out：送人到门口或屋外。 Will you please see Ms. Smith out? 请你送史密斯女士到门口好吗?see over：检查；察看；巡
45、视。 to see over a report检查一遍报告 to see over the house察看房子see through：识破/看穿(藉口/谎言)；支撑着度过，熬过(某一时期/困难)。 Nobody saw through his disguise. 没Well see you through until you finish your college education. 帮你到大学毕业。 有人识破他伪装。I saw the project through and then resigned. 我将这个计划完成后就辞职。see to：注意，留意；关照/照料。 I must go and see to some things.我得去处理一些事情。 料你。I am busy at the moment; Ill get one of the assistants to see to you.我现在很忙, 我叫一个助手来照I must see to getting the dinner ready. 我必须注意把饭准备好。