1、山西省2012高考英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解（11）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ASocieties all over the world name places in similar ways. Quite often there is no official naming ceremony but places tend to be called names as points of reference by people. Then an organized body steps in and gives the pla
2、ce a name. Frequently it happens that a place has two names: One is named by the people and the other by the government. As in many areas, old habits died hard, and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost.Many roads and places in Singapore(新加坡) are name
3、d in order that the pioneers will be remembered by future generations. Thus we have names such as Stamford Road and Raffles Place. This is in keeping with traditions in many countries in both the West and the East.Another way of naming places is naming them after other places. Perhaps they were name
4、d to promote friendships between the two places or it could be that the people who used to live there were originally from the places that the roads were named after. The mystery is clearer when we see some of the roads named in former British bases. If you step into Selector Airbase you will see Pi
5、ccadilly Circus obviously named by some homesick Royal Air Force personnel.Sine places were named after the activities that used to go on at those places. Bras Basah Road is an interesting example, “Base Basah” means “wet rice” in Malay(马来语). Now why would anyone want to name a road “Wet Rice Road”?
6、 The reason is simple. During the pioneering days, wet rice was laid out to dry along this road.A few roads in Singapore are named by their shapes. There is “Circular Road” for one. Other roads may have part of their names to describe their shapes, like “Paya Lebar Crescent”. This road is called a c
7、rescent(月牙) because it begins on the main road, makes a crescent and comes back to join the main road again.1. The main idea of the Paragraph 1 is that _. A. many places tend to have more than one name B. the government usually names a place firstly C. a ceremony will be held when a place is named D
8、. people prefer the names given by the government2. Which of the following places is named after a person? A. Raffles Place.B. Selector Airbase. C. Piccadilly Circus. D. Paya Lebar Crescent.3. Bras Basah Road is named _. A. after a person B. after a place C. by its shape D. after an activity4. What
9、can be inferred from the passage? A. Young Singaporeans have forgotten the pioneers. B. The way Singaporeans name their places is unique. C. Some places in Singapore are named for war purposes. D. Some place names in Singapore are the same as in Britain.B I am a writer. I spend a great deal of my ti
10、me thinking about the power of languagethe way it can evoke(唤起) an emotion, a visual image, a complex idea, or a simple truth. Language is the tool of my trade. And I use them allall the Englishes I grew up with. Born into a Chinese family that had recently arrived in California, Ive been giving mor
11、e thought to the kind of English my mother speaks. Like others, I have described it to people as “broken” English. But feel embarrassed to say that. It has always bothered me that I can think of no way to describe it other than “broken”, as if it were damaged and needed to be fixed, as if it lacked
12、a certain wholeness. Ive heard other terms used, “limited English,” for example. But they seem just as bad, as if everything is limited, including peoples perceptions(认识)of the limited English speaker. I know this for a fact, because when I was growing up, my mothers “limited” English limited my per
13、ception of her. I was ashamed of her English. I believed that her English reflected the quality of what she had to say. That is ,because she expressed them imperfectly her thoughts were imperfect. And I had plenty of evidence to support me: the fact that people in department stores, at banks, and at
14、 restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.I started writing fiction in 1985. And for reasons I wont get into today, I began to write stories using all the Englishes I grew up with: the English sh
15、e used with me, which for lack of a better term might be described as “broken”, and what I imagine to be her translation of her Chinese, her internal(内在的) language, and for that I sought to preserve(保护) the essence(本质), but neither an English nor a Chinese structure: I wanted to catch what language
16、ability tests can never show; her intention, her feelings, the rhythms of her speech and the nature of her thoughts.5. By saying “Language is the tool of my trade”, the author means that _. A. she works as a translatorB. she is a professional writer C. she uses English in foreign tradeD. she is usin
17、g the English language6. The author used to think of her mothers English as _. A. impolite B. imperfect C. amazing D. interesting7. The author gradually realizes her mothers English is _. A. in the old style B. well structured C. rich in meaning D. easy to translate8. The main idea of the passage is
18、 about_. A. the authors experiences of using the broken English B. the authors misunderstanding of the “limited” English C. the limitation of the authors perception of her mother D. the changes of the authors attitude to her mothers EnglishCTens of thousands of theatre tickets will be given away to
19、young people next year as part of a government campaign to inspire a lifelong love for theatre.The plan to offer free seats to people aged between 18 to 26funded with 2.5 million of taxpayers moneywas announced yesterday by Andy Burnham, the Culture Secretary. It received a cautious welcome from som
20、e in the arts world, who expressed concern that the tickets may not reach the most underprivileged(下层社会).The plan comes as West End theatres are enjoying record audiences, thanks largely to musicals teaming up with television talent shows. Attendances reached. 13.6 million in 2007, up 10 percent on
21、2006, itself a record year. Total sales were up 18 percent on 2006 to almost 470 million.One theatre source criticised the Governments priorities(优先考虑的事) in funding free tickets when pensioners(领养老金的人) were struggling to buy food and fuel, saying: “I dont know why the Governments wasting money on th
22、is. The Yong Vic, as The Times reported today, offers excellent performances at cheap prices.”There was praise for the Governments plan from Dominic Cooke of the Royal Court Theatre, who said: “I support any move to get young people into theatre, and especially one that aims to do it all over Englan
23、d, not just in London.”Ninety-five publicly funded theatres could apply for funding under the two-year plan. In return, they will offer free tickets on at least one day each week to 18 to 26-year-olds, first-come, first-served. It is likely to be on Mondays, traditionally a quiet night for the theat
24、re.Mr. Burnham said: “A young person attending the theatre can find it an exciting experience, and be inspired to explore a new world. But sometimes people miss out on it because they fear its not for them. Its time to change this perception.”Jeremy Hunt, the Shadow Culture Secretary, said: “The rea
25、l issue is not getting enthusiastic children into the theatre, but improving arts education so that more young people want to go in the first place. For too many children theatres are a no-go area.”9. Critics of the plan argued that _. A. the theatres would be overcrowded B. it would be a waste of m
26、oney C. pensioners wouldnt get free tickets D. the government cant afford it10. According to the supporters, the plan should _. A. benefit the television industry B. focus on producing better plays C. include all the young in England D. help increase the sales of tickets11. From the passage we know
27、that _. A. it may not benefit all the young people B. free tickets are offered once every day C. everyone will get at least one free ticket D. ninety-five theatres have received funding12. We can infer from the passage that in England _. A. people know little about the plan B. many plays are not for
28、 young people C. many young people dont like theatre D. children used to get good arts educationDGUATEMALA CITY （Reuters） A fish that lives in mangrove swamps（红树沼泽）across the Americas can live out of water for months at a time, similar to how animals adapted（适应）to land millions of years ago, a new s
29、tudy shows.The Magrove Rivulus, a type of small killifish, lives in small pools of water in a certain type of empty nut or even old beer cans in the mangrove swamps of Belize, the United States and Brazil. When their living place dries up, they live on the land in logs（圆木），said Scott Taylor, a resea
30、rcher at the Brevard Endangered Lands Program in Florida.The fish, whose scientific name is Rivulus marmoratus, can grow as large as three inches. They group together in logs and breathe air through their skin until they can find water again.The new scientific discovery came after a trip to Belize.
31、“We kicked over a log and the fish just came crowding out,” Taylor told Reuters in neighboring Guatgemala by telephone. He said he will make his study on the fish known to the public in an American magazine early next year. In lab tests, Taylor said he found the fish can live up to 66 days out of wa
32、ter without eating.Some other fish can live out of water for a short period of time. The walking catfish found in Southeast Asia can stay on land for hours at time, while lungfish found in Australia, Africa and South America can live out of water, but only in an inactive state. But no other known fi
33、sh can be out of water as long as the Mangrove Rivulus and remain active, according to Patricia Wright, a biologist at Canadas University of Guelph. Further studies of the fish may tell how animals changed over time. “These animals live in conditions similar to those that existed millions of years a
34、go, when animals began making the transition（过渡）from water onto land,” Wright said.13. The Mangrove Rivulus is a type of fish that _.A. likes eating nuts B. prefers living in dry places kC. is the longest living fish on earth kD. can stay alive for two months out of water 14. Who will write up a rep
35、ort on Mangrove Rivulus? A. Patricia Wright.B. Scott Taylor.C. Scientists from Belize.D. Researchers in Guatemala.15. According to the text, lungfish can_.A. breathe through its skin.B. move freely on dry land.C. remain alive out of water.D. be as active on land as in water.16. What can we say about
36、 the discovery of Mangrove Rivulus? A. It was made quite by accident.B. It was helped by Patricia Wright.C. It was based on a lab test of sea life.D. It was supported by an American magazine.E Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when youre doing your holiday sho
37、pping online, make sure youre holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation(感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisionsthose are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh. Psycho
38、logists have known that one persons perception(感知) of anothers “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping(捏造) evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very earl
39、y childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies conceptual(概念的) sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of
40、 wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlows work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills. Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgme
41、nts appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries. To test the relationship between physical and psychological war
42、mth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the studys hypotheses(假设), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form: The drink was then handed back.
43、 After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink. “We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly(抽象地),
44、” says Bargh.17. The author mentions Harlows experiment to show that _. A. monkeys have social relationships B. adults should develop social skills C. caregivers should be healthy adults D. babies need warm physical contact18. In the paragraph 4, the underlined word “rate” can be replaced by _. A. d
45、escribe B. discuss C. evaluate D. praise 19. We can infer from the passage that _. A. capable persons are often cold to others B. physical temperature affects how we see others C. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide D. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences20. What would be the best title for the passage? A. Physical Sensations and Emotions. B. Developing Better Drinking Habits. C. Experiments of Personality Evaluation. D. Drinking for Better Social Relationships. www.ks5u120 AADDB BCDBC ACDBC ADCBA高考资源网独家精品资源，欢迎下载！高考资源网Ks5uK&S%5#UKs5uKs%U高考资源网高考资源网高考资源网