1、第三讲名词和数词A组单句语法填空1(2020浙江卷1月)For Japan，the _(number)are more striking22 in 1950，46 today and 53 in 2050.解析：考查名词的单复数。根据下文的are可知这里需要填写number的复数形式。答案：numbers 2(2020全国卷)Filled with _(curious)，the artist packed his bags and left.解析：考查词性转换。介词with后应使用名词。答案：curiosity3(2019北京卷)No matter what you like to do，th
2、ere is a way to get involved in various_(activity)on Earth Day.解析：考查名词单复数。根据修饰语various可知用名词复数，指各种各样的活动。答案：activities4(2018全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which/that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early
3、deaths from all_(cause).解析：考查名词复数。cause表示“原因，起因”时是可数名词，前面有all，故填cause的复数形式。答案：causes5(2018浙江卷)Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.Making Chinese_(dish)is seen as especially troublesome.解析：考查名词单复数。dish是可数名词，其前无限定词，故用其复数形式dishes。答案：dishesB组单句改错1(2020全国卷)My mom is really concerne
4、d with the health of everyone in our families.解析：名词单复数误用。family表示整体时，多作单数看待；指多个家庭成员时，多作复数看待。此处指我和父母的家，故看作一个整体。答案：familiesfamily2(2020全国卷)Luckily，I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.解析：名词单复数误用。summer vacation“暑假”，是单数概念。答案：vacationsvacation3(2019全国卷短文改错)Since I was a kid，Ive considered di
5、fferent job I would like to do.解析：形容词different(不同的)后跟名词的复数形式。答案：jobjobs4(2019全国卷短文改错)I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.解析：many修饰可数名词复数。答案：citycities5(2018全国卷)Last winter when I went there again，they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.解析：词法错误。dozens of许多，修饰可数名词复数
6、。答案：chickenchickens6(2018全国卷)The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks，and mistake as well.解析：词法错误。句意为：从书本和错误中学习。mistake是可数名词，此处所指的“错误”不止一个，应用复数形式。答案：mistakemistakes7(2017全国卷)Besides，they often get some useful informations from the Internet.解析：考查名词。information为不
7、可数名词，无复数形式，故将informations改为information。答案：informationsinformation8(2018全国卷)When I was little，Fridays night was our family game night.解析：词法错误。Friday morning/afternoon/night星期五的上午/下午/晚上。答案：FridaysFriday1牢记名词变复数的5种变化形式(1)一般情况下，在词尾直接加s：bookbooks，mouthmouths，househouses，girlgirls。(2)以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词，在词尾加e
8、s：glassglasses，boxboxes，matchmatches，brushbrushes。(3)以辅音字母y结尾的名词，变y为i再加es；citycities，countrycountries，partyparties，factoryfactories。(4)以o结尾的名词常在词尾加s：radios，zoos，pianos，kilos photos；加es的有以下词：heroes，Negroes，tomatoes，potatoes。(5)以f，fe结尾的名词少数直接加s：roofroofs，beliefbeliefs。一般以f或fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为v再加es：self，lif
9、e，thief，wife，knife，leaf，shelf，wolf，half。2看到一个以上的人或物，如名词在不定代词few，a few，other，all，both，many，several等后时，要想到用复数形式。3看到用来表示祝愿、礼貌和客气的名词，要想到用复数形式，如congratulations，regards，respects，thanks，wishes，requests，apologies等。4看到谓语动词为复数形式，要想到作主语的名词用复数形式。5注意一些不规则变化的名词复数，如childchildren；manmen，toothteeth；footfeet；womanwom
10、en等。6有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等，如congratulations(祝贺)、regards(问候)、respects(敬意)、thanks(谢谢)、wishes(祝愿)等。7一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式，常见的有：make friends with(与交朋友)、shake hands with.(与握手)、take measures(采取措施)、make preparations for(为做准备)、in high spirits(兴高采烈地)。8常考的不可数名词(1)表物质的不可数名词：baggage/luggage(行李)、cash(现金)、meat(肉)、paper(
11、纸张)等。(2)表抽象概念的不可数名词：work(工作)、knowledge(知识)、luck(运气)、scenery(风景)、traffic(交通)等。(3)永远不可数的重点名词：advice(建议)、equipment(设备)、fun(乐趣)、furniture(家具)、progress(进步)、news/word(消息)等。(单句语法填空/单句改错)1(2021安徽六校第二次联考)Healthy and happy children provide the basis for a safe society for future generations when they become_(
12、parent).解析：考查名词单复数。句意：当健康快乐的孩子们成为父母，他们就为后代提供了安全社会的基础。parent是可数名词，根据此空所在从句的主语为they可知，此处应用复数形式，故填parents。答案：parents2(2020绵阳联考)The paper was used for sealing up holes in walls and_(roof)in the cold and freezing winter.解析：考查名词的单复数形式。根据空前的walls可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。答案：roofs3(2021济宁一中模拟)Last October，while tendin
13、g her garden，she pulled out a handful of small_(carrot)and was about to throw them away.解析：考查名词单复数。根据上文的“a handful of”可知，此处表示一把小胡萝卜，所以应用carrot的复数形式。答案：carrots 4(2020临川一中等九校联考)This year is also likely to pave the way for a number of technological _(advance).解析：考查名词单复数。句意：这一年也可能是为众多的科技进步铺路的一年。advance作
14、“进步，发展”讲时，是可数名词，且a number of通常修饰可数名词复数。故填advances。答案：advances5(2021甘肃第一次诊断)The new technology has already been used to change the DNA in the cells of_(mouse)，monkeys and other organisms.解析：考查名词单复数。句意：这项新技术已被用来改变老鼠、猴子以及其他生物细胞中的DNA。此句中的monkeys和other organisms都是可数名词的复数形式，此处与其并列，形式应保持一致，也应用复数形式。故填mice。答
15、案：mice6(2021福建高三质检)“Alaya，you dont have to do this if you dont want to.Nobody is forcing you.” Though I said I wasnt going to do it，my_(foot)carried me toward the pool.解析：考查名词单复数。foot是可数名词，且没有被冠词修饰，故用复数形式。答案：feet7(2021江西重点中学盟校联考)_(tomato)and potatoes took some time to become popular.解析：考查名词单复数。and连接
16、并列主语，由potatoes可知tomato应用复数形式。答案：Tomatoes8(2021福州期末)A hutong is an ancient city street typical in Beijing.Surrounding the Forbidden City，many were built during the Yuan，Ming and Qing_(dynasty).解析：考查名词复数。根据该句中的“Yuan，Ming and Qing”可知，该处指三个朝代，dynasty为可数名词，故该处用复数形式。答案：dynasties9(2021赣州十四县联考)If we go on a
17、 trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cant get from books.解析：考查可数名词与不可数名词。knowledge是不可数名词，故没有复数形式。答案：knowledgesknowledge10(2021福州质量检测)But with my teammates encouragement，I was able to communicate smoothly with them.解析：考查名词所有格。分析句子结构可知此处作定语，修饰encouragement，意为“队友的鼓励”，表示人的名词变所有格时，
18、在该名词后加s或，故把teammates改为teammates。答案：teammatesteammates11(2021合肥第一次质量检测)My favourite sport was swimming，so I decided to go swimming in the sea one afternoon with my friend，Wang Fei and Li Lei.解析：考查名词单复数。根据该句中的“Wang Fei and Li Lei”可知，作者和两个朋友一起去游泳了。friend为可数名词，故用复数形式。答案：friendfriends12(2021山西八校第一次联考)Wha
19、ts more，Id like to do some houseworks so that my parents can have a good rest.解析：housework是不可数名词，没有复数形式。答案：houseworkshousework13(2021赣州十四县市联考)Looking back on the progresses that I have made so far，I really appreciate your support.解析：考查名词。progress是不可数名词，故没有复数的形式。答案：progressesprogress数词属于高考试题中不常考查的冷点，
20、主要涉及基数词和序数词的基本用法及区别，序数词前的修饰词以及分数的正确表达等。1基数词(1)名词性数词hundred、thousand、million等前有数词或several时不能用复数形式，其后所跟的复数名词前不加of，表“一百，一千，一百万” 时需加one或不定冠词a。如表不确切的数目应用hundreds/thousands/millions of复数名词。(2)用以表示年龄时，逢十的基数词复数之前应加物主代词，如in her forties “在她四十多岁时”。2序数词(1)序数词前一般要加上定冠词或物主代词等限定词。It was the/my first visit to Europ
21、e.那是(我)第一次去欧洲。(2)分数的分母部分用序数词，分子为1时，分母用序数词的单数形式，分子为2及以上时，分母用序数词的复数形式。(单句语法填空/单句改错)1(2021衡水中学高三七调考试)Whaling was a primary industry in Australia in the nineteenth and early_(twenty)centuries but whaling in Australia was limited in 1987.解析：考查数词。句意：在19世纪和20世纪早期，捕鲸是澳大利亚的主要产业表示“在世纪”时，通常用序数词，故填twentieth。答案：
22、twentieth2Hawking refused to accept the predicitions that he would only live for a few years after developing a form of motor neurone disease in his early_(twenty).解析：考查数词。句意：霍金拒绝接受他在二十出头时患了运动神经元病后只能活几年的预言。in ones twenties“在某人二十多岁时”，故填twenties。答案：twenties3With new technologies introduced，the company
23、 made_(two)as many computers as the year before last.解析：两倍用twice来表示，两倍以上用数字加times来表示。句意为：引进了新科技，公司制造的电脑是前年的两倍。答案：twice4(2019全国卷短文改错)Then，when I was in the five grade，I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher very much.解析：“上五年级”有两种表达方式：in the fifth/5th grade或in Grade 5/Five。答案：fivefifth5Two third of the islands population made a living by fishing.解析：分子大于1时，分母要用复数形式，故third改为thirds。答案：thirdthirds