1、三助动词、情态动词和虚拟语气A组单句语法填空1(2020江苏卷)If I hadnt been faced with so many barriers，I _(not be)where I am.解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我没有面对过那么多的障碍，我就不会是今天的我。根据语境可知，该句为错综虚拟条件句，从句是对过去的虚拟，主句是对现在的虚拟，故填wouldnt be。答案：wouldnt be2(2019天津卷)The workers were not better organized，otherwise they _(accomplish)the task in half the tim
2、e.解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好地组织，否则他们会用一半的时间完成任务。此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，用would have done sth.表示“本来能够做某事”，因此填would have accomplished。答案：would have accomplished3(2019江苏卷)What a pity！You missed the sightseeing，or we_(have)a good time together.解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了观光，否则我们在一起会玩得很开心。根据What a pity! You missed.以及or(否则)可知
3、，此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故用would have done结构。答案：would have had4(2018北京卷)They might have found a better hotel if they_(drive)a few more kilometers.解析：句意为：如果他们再多行驶几千米，他们或许就会找到一个更好的宾馆了。本题考查虚拟语气。根据题干中主句的谓语might have found可知本句为与过去事实相反的虚拟，因此if引导的从句中谓语动词形式应为had done，故填had driven。答案：had driven5(2018江苏卷)There is a g
4、ood social life in the village，and I wish I_(have)a second chance to become more involved.解析：句意为：这个村子里的人们有良好的社交生活，我希望自己能再获得一次机会去更多地参与其中。考查虚拟语气。wish后面的宾语从句往往用虚拟语气，此处表达现在的一个愿望，谓语动词要用过去式，故填had。答案：had6(2018天津卷，15)If we_(catch)the flight yesterday，we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.解析：句意为：
5、如果昨天我们赶上那趟航班，我们现在就会正在沙滩上享受我们的假期了。本题考查虚拟语气。if从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，其谓语动词需用“had过去分词”形式。答案：had caught7(2017北京卷)If the new safety system_(put)to use，the accident would never have happened.解析：句意为：如果新的安全系统被投入使用，这起事故就不会发生了。本题考查虚拟语气。根据题干中的主句谓语部分would never have happened可知语境是对过去发生的事进行虚拟，因此if引导的从句谓语部分应为had done。再结合语
6、境，可知用被动语态。答案：had been putB组单句改错1(2021湖北武汉高三调考)If it were not to rain tomorrow，the crops will not be saved.答案：willwould2We must found ways to protect our environment.答案：foundfind3We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.答案：chosechoose4You can correcting any mistakes you find in them.答案：
7、correctingcorrect1助动词do/does/did主要帮助构成疑问句、否定句及部分倒装。助动词do/does/did后只能跟动词原形，助动词不能用作实义动词。2助动词be/being/been主要帮助构成进行时、完成进行时和各种被动语态。需注意be虽然没有实际意义，但却是结构中不可缺少的。3助动词have/has/had主要是帮助构成完成时态和完成进行时态。需注意其构成形式have/has/had done和have/has/had been doing。I am Li Hua，a student from Class 2，Grade 3.I am writing to appl
8、y for the position as a student volunteer.我是李华，三年级二班的一名学生。我写信申请学生志愿者职位。It is the third time that you have been late for work this week.这是你这周第三次上班迟到。(单句改错)1(2020全国卷)If you interested，please let me know whether you will be available.答案：在interested前加are2(2019全国卷)I fully convinced that Im the right pers
9、on for this job.答案：在fully前加am3(2019全国卷)I can introduced and explain a lot of Chinese painting knowledge to the visitors.答案：introducedintroduce4(2021河北五个一名校联盟联考)There will a lecture in our library，at 4：00 on Wednesday afternoon.答案：在will后加be1can/could(1)表示能力(could常用于过去的能力)。Many people can use the comp
10、uter.许多人会用电脑。No one could answer this challenging question.没人能回答这个具有挑战性的问题。(2)表示客观或理论上的可能性。It can be very hot here in summer.这里夏天有时会很热。Accidents can happen to any drunken driver.醉酒的司机都有可能发生交通事故。(3)表示请求或允许。在疑问句中could可以代替can，语气更委婉。Can I have a word with you？It wont take long.我可以和你谈谈吗？不会花很多时间的。(4)表示推测，
11、意为“可能”，用于否定句和疑问句。can比could语气强。He cant be our manager.He has gone to Beijing.他不可能是我们的经理。我们经理已经去北京了。2may/might(1)表示请求、允许、许可，might比may的语气更委婉。Might I ask for a picture of your little daughter?我可以要一张你小女儿的照片吗？Yes，you may.是的，可以。(2)表示推测，意为“或许，可能”，通常用于肯定句和否定句。might比may语气弱。I dont really like James.Why did you
12、 invite him?我真的不喜欢詹姆斯。你为什么邀请他？Dont worry.He might not come.He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.别担心，他或许不会来。他说他还不能确定他的计划。3must(1)表示“必须；应该”。Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?我该马上通知他日程改了吗？I am afraid you must，in case he comes late for the meeting.我想你必须(通知他)，以免他开会迟到。(2)表
13、示推测，意为“一定”，用于肯定句。Someone must have used my umbrella yesterday.I found it wet.昨天一定有人用了我的雨伞，我发现它湿了。(3)意为“偏要，非要不可”。If you must go，at least wait until the storm is over.如果你非要走，至少要等到暴风雨停止(再走)。(4)mustnt表示禁止，意为“不得，不允许；一定不要”。That car is my property；you mustnt use it without my permission.那辆车是我的财产，你必须得到我的允许才
14、能使用。4shall的用法(1)用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见。Shall we put off the sports meet till next month?我们能否将运动会推迟到下个月？Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow?明天汤姆可以和我一起去那里吗？(2)用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人的命令、警告、威胁、允诺、决心等；或用于条约、规定、法令、法律等，意为“必须”。You shall be punished for what you have done.你必须为你的所作所为受到惩罚。5should(1)should表示责任、义
15、务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。We should be strict with ourselves.我们应该严格要求自己。(2)should表示出乎意料的口气，意为“竟然，居然”。Such a gentleman should do that.这样一位绅士竟然会做那种事。6will/would(1)用于表示意志或意愿。Why didnt you come to my party last night?昨晚你为什么不参加我的晚会？I wanted to，but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night.我想参加，但是晚上那么晚我母亲
16、就是不让我出去。(2)表示“请求；建议”。用would比will委婉、客气。Will/Would you please keep the door open?请你把门开着好吗？(3)表示习惯，will可以表示现在的习惯，意为“总是；习惯于”。表示过去的习惯性动作用would。He would get up early when he lived in the country.生活在农村时他过去常常早起。7need表示“需要；必要”，用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中。You neednt be told twice about one single thing.同一件事不必对你说两遍。Need I
17、 tell him everything thats happened to his parents?我有必要告诉他有关他父母发生的一切吗？Yes，you must./No，you neednt.是的，必须。/不，没必要。need还可以作实义动词，此时有人称和数的变化，后面可跟名词、带to的不定式或动名词等作宾语，其否定形式、疑问形式都要通过助动词do构成。 Plants need light in order to survive.植物存活必须有光照。Do I need to leave my telephone number and address?我有必要把电话号码和地址留下吗？You
18、dont need to hand in your compositions today.你们今天不必交作文。8dare表示“敢；敢于”，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用于肯定句。I dare say是习惯说法，意为“我想，大概”。I dare not face the danger bravely.我不敢有勇气地面对困难。9ought to表示义务，意为“应当”，语气比should强，表示不十分肯定或含蓄的推测，意为“应是，应该”。You ought to work harder than before.你应当比之前更努力地工作。You ought not to be late
19、for such an important meeting.这么重要的会议你不应该迟到的。(单句语法填空)1(2020天津卷)Jim says we _ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy.解析：考查情态动词。句意：只要我们保持房子干净整洁，吉姆就允许我们待在他的房子里。根据as long as所引导的条件状语从句可知，此处应填can。答案：can 2I love the weekend，because I_not get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.解析：句意为：我喜欢周末，因
20、为在周六周日我不必早起。根据句意可知填need。答案：need3It was really annoying；I_not get access to the data bank you had recommended.解析：句意：这真让人生气，我不能进入你推荐的数据库。此处强调没有能力做某事，且讲述的是过去的情况，could not 意为“不能”，符合语境。答案：could情态动词适用句式适用时态意义must肯定句一般时、进行时、完成时一定，肯定Jack described his father，who must have been a brave boy many years ago，as
21、a strong willed man.杰克描述了他的父亲，他多年前一定是一个勇敢的男孩，是个意志坚强的人。can(could)疑问句，否定句一般时、进行时、完成时可能，能够It cant be the postman at the door.Its only six oclock.在门旁的不可能是邮递员，现在才六点。may(might)否定句一般时、进行时、完成时也许，可能I left my handbag on the train，but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.我把手提包落在火车上了，但幸运的是有人把它给了铁路官员。Ho
22、w unbelievable to get it back！I mean，someone might have stolen it.能再得到它真不可思议！我的意思是，有人有可能已经偷走了它。should(ought to)否定句一般时、完成时确定或期待，“应该”I shouldnt have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams.我本不应看那部电影，它会带给我可怕的梦。will(would)肯定句、否定句、疑问句一般时、进行时、完成时大概This will be the house youre looking for. 这大概就是你在寻找
23、的那个房子。(单句语法填空)1Since nobody gave him any help，he_ have done the research on his own.解析：句意为：既然没人给他帮忙，那他肯定是自己做的研究。主句是对从句表达的原因的一种猜测，must have done想必/准是/一定做过某事，符合主从句之间的逻辑关系。答案：must2You_not have waken me up.I dont have to go to work today.解析：根据语境，“今天不上班”可知，你本来没必要喊醒我。故need符合语境。答案：need3You_(come)here earli
24、er，for the lecture was important.解析：句意为：因为这个演讲很重要，你本来应该早点来的。 should have done sth.本来应该做某事。答案：should have come1非真实条件句中虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气从句谓语动词主句谓语动词与现在事实相反过去式(be的过去式形式用were)would/could/should/might动词原形与过去事实相反过去完成式would/could/should/mighthave done与将来事实相反were to doshould do过去式would/could/should/might动词原形If my
25、 brother were here，everything would be all right.要是我弟弟在这儿，一切都会好的。If it should rain this afternoon，the basketball match would be put off.要是今天下午下雨，篮球比赛就会被推迟。Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week？If you had told me，I could have helped.上个星期你为什么不把你的困难告诉我？如果你告诉我，我会帮助你的。 (1)在if引导的虚拟条件句中，条件句的谓语
26、动词中含有had，were，should时，可以把if省略，把had，were，should提到句首，变为倒装句。 Had you(If you had)come earlier，you would have caught the early bus.如果你早点来，就能赶上早班车了。Were I(If I were)twenty now，I would join the army.如果我现在20岁，我就参军。Should he come(If he should come)，tell him to ring me up.他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。(2)如果主句和从句是对不同时间的事实的虚拟
27、，则被称为错综虚拟语气。此时主句常有明显的时间状语。Maybe if I had studied science，and not literature then，I would be able to give you more help now.也许如果当时我学的是理科不是文科的话，那么我现在就可以给你更多的帮助了。2虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的用法有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，这种叫含蓄虚拟语气。常见的这类词或短语有：without(要是)没有in case 万一；以防but for 要不是supposing 假如for fear that
28、以免otherwise 否则or 否则We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call.要不是一个电话，我们不可能在一起待一分钟。1主语从句中的虚拟语气It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/essential/a pitythat从句，从句中的谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。It is necessary that he (should) sort out the information
29、for my reference.他有必要整理些信息供我参考。2宾语从句中的虚拟语气(1)wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望，其谓语动词构成形式如下表：虚拟语气从句谓语动词与现在事实相反过去式(be动词一般用were)与过去事实相反had过去分词与将来事实相反would/could/might动词原形I wish(that)I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.我希望我是只小鸟，能在天空自由飞翔。I wish(that)I had met that film star yesterday.我多希望昨天见到了那个影
30、星。(2)表示“建议，命令，要求”等意义时，宾语从句用“(should)动词原形”。 常见的此类动词有：坚持：insist；命令：order，command；建议：advise，suggest，propose，recommend；要求：request，require，demand，ask。It is strongly recommended that the machines(should) be checked every year.强烈建议将这些机器每年检查一次。She suggested that Dale join the debating team，believing that pr
31、actice in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.她建议戴尔参加辩论队，她认为辩论队里的演讲练习会给予他所需要的信心和认可。(3)would rather/preferthat从句(从句用虚拟语气)表示愿望与“现在事实或将来事实相反”，从句用一般过去时。I would rather you were not here with me now.我宁愿你现在不与我一起在这里。表示愿望与“过去事实相反”，从句用过去完成时。I would rather you hadnt done that.
32、我宁愿你没有做过那件事。3表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气(1)在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“(should)动词原形”。We followed his advice that we (should) ask our teacher for help.我们接受了他的我们应该向老师求助的建议。(2)as if，as though引导的表语从句常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。She looks as if nothing had ha
33、ppened to her.她看起来好像什么事都没发生似的。4定语从句中的虚拟语气Its (about/high/very)timethat从句(从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用一般过去时或should动词原形，should不能省略)，意为“某人该做某事了”。Its time that we should go/went home.该到我们回家的时间了。5if only从句中的虚拟语气if only引导的感叹句，其虚拟语气的结构与wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气的结构相同。If only the driver hadnt driven so fast then!要是司机那时没开那么快就好了。 (单句
34、语法填空/单句改错)1(2021湖北四地七校第一次联考)It is high time that you_(consider)that if there were no stress in your life，you would achieve a little.解析：考查虚拟语气。在It is high time that.句式中，从句用虚拟语气，即：谓语动词用过去式或should动词原形。答案：considered/should consider2(2021肇庆模拟)He was still running with a smile on his face，as if nothing_(h
35、appen).解析：考查虚拟语气。由was 可知此处表示对过去的虚拟，故从句用过去完成时。答案：had happened3(2021东北三校联考)The order came that the medical supplies_(send)to the earthquakestricken area soon.解析：考查虚拟语气。表示建议、要求、命令等的名词后的宾语从句、同位语从句中谓语动词用(should)动词原形。答案：(should)be sent4(2021甘肃天水一中段考)John wants to see me now，but I have so much work on hand
36、 that I would rather he_(come)tomorrow than today.解析：would rather后面接从句时，从句中的谓语动词通常要用一般过去时，表示对现在或将来的假设。答案：came5(2021南昌十校二模)As a result，I suggest we are given less homework and more time for outofclassroom activities.解析：考查虚拟语气。suggest在此处表示“建议”，因此后跟的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“shoulddo”形式，且should可以省略。故此处应把are改为be。答案：arebe