1、1fun n娱乐；玩笑；嬉笑；有趣的人或事物(fun是不可数名词)(教材P17)I just got a new job in another country.I think itll be fun to experience a new culture.我刚刚在另一个国家获得了一份工作，我想体验一种新的文化肯定很有趣。Have fun (Enjoy yourself)！玩得高兴！We had a lot of fun at Sarahs party.我们在萨拉的聚会上玩得很开心。(1)have fun玩得愉快for fun 为了好玩in fun 闹着玩地；开玩笑地make fun of 取笑
2、；捉弄get fun 得到乐趣fun and games 吃喝玩乐(2)funny adj. 可笑的；有趣的I think the main task of children is to have fun.我认为孩子最主要的任务就是玩。名师点津fun作名词时，在感叹句中使用what，可构成句型：What fun it is to do sth.！做是多么有趣的事啊！What fun it is to jump into a swimming pool on a hot summer day!在炎热的夏日，跳进游泳池是多么有趣的事！完成句子仅因为人老了就取笑他们是不对的。Its wrong to
3、 people just because theyre old.我们要去参加篮球比赛，只是玩玩。We are going to take part in the basketball match just 你何不邀些朋友来同乐？Why dont you ask some friends over to ？【答案】make fun offor funhave fun2look at思考，考虑，研究(教材P18)In this edition of American Living，we are looking at some population trends in the USA.在这一版的美国
4、生活中，我们讨论美国人口趋向。We are going to invite some experts to look at this new problem.我们会邀请一些专家来研究这个新问题。look back (与on，to连用)回想，记起；停滞不前look down on轻视，看不起look up to 尊敬，敬仰look forward to 盼望；期待look out 注意；找出，挑选出look for 寻找look out for sb./sth. 当心；提防，留心寻觅Im looking forward to seeing you this summer vacation.我盼望
5、今年暑假见到你。Look out！Theres a car coming.小心！汽车过来了。完成句子Were (考虑)all the options.We shouldnt (轻视)those who work on the farm.He had worked hard and was (盼望) his retirement.We were told to (留心)the black truck.Hes a role model for other players to (尊敬)【答案】looking atlook down onlooking forward tolook out forl
6、ook up to3(教材P18)Throughout the Midwest and the Northeast，people aged 60 and over are packing their bags and heading south along the freeway to states like Florida.在整个中西部和东北部地区，60岁及60岁以上的老人正在收拾他们的行囊，沿着高速公路向南行进到，到佛罗里达这样的州去。(1)aged adj.岁；年老的；老的；陈年的They have two children aged six and nine.他们有两个小孩，一个六岁，
7、一个九岁。They are aged men.他们是老年人。This is a bottle of aged wine.这是一瓶陈酒。(1)the aged (统称)老人(2)age vt.& vi. 变老；(使)成熟(3)age n. 年龄；时代；时期；寿命at the age of 在岁的时候be of age 成年for ages 好久，很长时间be over age 超龄I used to write poetry myself when I was your age.我在你这个年纪时就自己写诗了。After his wifes death，he aged quickly.他妻子死后，
8、他一下子衰老了。He began to help support the family by selling newspapers at the age of 12.他12岁开始靠卖报纸来贴补家用。完成句子He wont be called up for military servicehe is (超龄)It (很久)since we met.【答案】over agehas been ages/an age(2)head v朝方向(或地方)前进；行使；前往(后常接介词for表方向。若后接副词时for可省略。head north/south/east/west表示往北/南/东/西前进)Wher
9、e are you heading for?你到哪儿去？Manchester.曼彻斯特。After the party，we all headed back home.晚会结束后，我们都回家了。They headed north，across the desert.他们往北走，穿越沙漠。be heading for(be headed for)朝方向行进；前往；会招致(不幸)head up 领导；主管head off 阻挡；防止They look as though theyre heading for divorce.他们看样子会离婚。完成句子如果你开车的话，沿着三环往北开。If you a
10、re driving, go round the Third Ring Road and 他们这样做以防止发生危机。They did this in order to the crisis.我们在黎明起程，直驶纽约。We set sail at dawn and New York.【答案】head northhead offheaded for4make up编选；编写；创作；给化妆；准备，安排；组成(教材P18)This group makes up over 17 percent of the states population.这个人群大约占该州人口的17%。Women make up
11、40 percent of the workforce.妇女占劳动力的40%。They made up a little poem and wrote it in the card.他们编了一首小诗写在卡片上。make out看出，听出，理解make up for 补偿；弥补make.into 把变成make off 逃走，匆匆离开make for 走向make of 由制成“(看得出原材料)”make from 由制成(看不出原材料)He is working hard to make up for the missing time while he was ill.他正努力学习来弥补生病期
12、间失去的时间。介、副词填空I could just make a figure in the darkness.Girls make 60% of the student numbers.Hard work can make up a lack of intelligence.【答案】outupfor 5(教材P18)The question is，though，why are so many people retiring and spending their pensions in Florida?但问题是，为什么这么多人退休后要去佛罗里达州，并且把他们的养老金花在哪里呢？【要点提炼】th
13、ough adv.可是；不过；然而，相当于however，不过however在表示这一词义时可以位于句首、句中、句尾，且和句子用逗号隔开，而though只能位于句中或句尾，并加以逗号隔开。He went there，he didnt see her however/though.他去了那里，可是他没有见到她。However，he didnt know it.可是，他不知道这件事。Have you ever been to Australia?No.Id like to，though.你去过澳大利亚吗？没有，不过我很想去。(1)though也有连词词性，后接让步状语从句，表示“虽然；尽管”，也可
14、以用even though表示“即使；纵然”，还可以用as though，表示“好像；仿佛”，后接表语从句或方式状语从句。(2)though也可以构成倒装句式，即：adj./adv./n.(无冠词)/v.though/as主语其他。(3)though可以作副词，用于句末，表示“可是，不过，然而”。I will try，even though I may fail.即使失败，我也要尝试一下。Though she works hard, (yet)she makes very slow progress.尽管她学习很努力，但是进步不快。 Young though/as he is，he knows
15、 a lot.尽管他年轻，但他知道甚多。句型转换Though it was very late，he went on working. ，he went on working.Though he is a child，he can solve this big problem. ，he can solve this big problem.【答案】Late as/though it wasChild though/as he is6a variety of种种；多种(教材P18)People give a variety of reasons，from wanting better healt
16、h care to looking for communities of older people.人们给出许多不同理由，从希望更好的卫生保健到寻找老年人的社区。People study yoga for a variety of reasons.人们出于各种各样的原因而学习瑜伽。Students are offered a wide variety of courses in this department.这个系为学生开设各种各样的课程。(1)various adj.不同的；各种各样的various views 各种各样的观点for various reasons 因种种理由(2)vari
17、ety n. 种种；种类；多样化a variety of /varieties of 多种多样的(3)vary v. 不同；多变；使多样化vary in 在不同vary with 随而变化vary from.to. 从到变化不等For various reasons，it has not been possible to carry out improvements.出于各种各样的原因，进行改进已经不可能了。用vary的适当形式填空They were late for the meeting for a of reasons.There are plants and flowers in th
18、e park.The weather here with seasons.【答案】varietyvariousvaries7design v设计；计划；打算(教材P18)For example，ambulances respond faster now，and many houses have bathrooms designed for older owners，with things like easytouse bathtubs that reduce the risk of slips and falls.例如，急救车的反应时间加快了，许多房子有专为老年业主设计的浴室，配有如易用型浴盆
19、的设备以减少摔倒的风险。(2019全国卷)HUNCH is designed to connect high classrooms with NASA engineers.HUNCH的目的是把中学教育与太空技术结合起来。He designed a plot for his new novel.他为他的新小说拟定情节。(1)be designed for/to do sth.打算用来做某事design doing/to do sth. 筹划做某事design sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事design (sb.) sth. (为某人)设计某物(2)design n. 设计；花样；图
20、案；意图；计划by design 故意地；蓄意地I dont like the wallpaper design.我不喜欢这壁纸的花样。用design的适当形式或搭配填空The researchers a special cap for the user.Project Hope help those children who drop out of school because of poverty.We dont know if it was done by accident or .【答案】designedis designed to by design8surround v包围；围绕(
21、教材P19)Also，I know that we will get good medical care and will be surrounded by friends our age.还有，我知道我们将得到好的医疗，周围也将都是和我们年纪相仿的朋友。Green trees and beautiful flowers surround the lake.湖泊周围长满了绿树和美丽的花朵。She is always surrounded with honest friends.她的周围总有一些很诚实的朋友。(1)surround.with.使包围be surrounded by/with 被包
22、围(2)现在分词surrounding可以作定语，表示“附近的；周围的”。(3)surroundings n. 环境All trees surround the jail.The jail is surrounded with/by all trees.那所监狱周围都是大树。The citys water comes from the surrounding hills.这个城市的水是从周围小山上流下来的。Its good to change ones surroundings occasionally.人偶尔改变一下环境是有好处的。用surround的适当形式填空At first my ne
23、w were difficult to tolerate.The villages have been flooded in the storm.People are their homes wire fences.【答案】surroundingssurrounding surrounding; with完成句子她坐在地板上，周围都是玩具。She was sitting on the floor 湖边树木环绕。The lake trees.【答案】surrounded by toysis surrounded by/with9married adj.已婚的；有配偶的(教材P19)Maybe I
24、ll move to a small town when I get married，but for now，I want to have fun.或许当我结婚的时候，我将搬到一个小城镇，但是现在，我想享受快乐。We are getting married next month.我们下个月结婚。marry sb.嫁给某人；娶某人marry sb.to sb. 把某人嫁给某人get married 结婚be/get married to sb. 和某人结婚名师点津marry sb.不能说成marry with sb.。marry sb.和get married to sb.都是短暂性动词词组，不
25、能与表示一段时间的状语连用。如与表示一段时间的状语连用时，要用 be married。询问婚姻状况时可用如下表达：Are you married?Have you got married？你结了婚没有？When did he get married？他何时结的婚？Tom married a foreigner.汤姆娶了一个外国人。They have been married for fifty years.他们已经结婚50年了。完成句子他三年前跟他的秘书结了婚。He his secretary three years ago.她说她是为了爱情，而不是为了钱才嫁给那个男的。She said sh
26、e for love, not for money.金先生把女儿嫁给了一个商人。Mr. King a businessman.【答案】got married tomarried him married his daughter to10none pron.没有一个，毫无(教材P19)Cities have theaters，museums and big sporting events，but small towns have none of these.城市里有戏院，博物馆和大型的运动赛事，但小城镇却什么也没有。I wanted some more cold meat but there w
27、as none left.我想再要些冷盘肉，可是一点也不剩了。He had none of his brothers boldness.他一点都不像他哥哥那样有魄力。None of the telephones are/is working.所有的电话都坏了。明辨异同none/no one/nobody/nothingnonenone可指人也可指物，作主语时，如和of连用指不可数名词时，谓语动词要用单数形式；指可数名词时，谓语动词用单、复数均可。no one/nobody用来指人，作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。nothing常用来指物，作主语时谓语动词也要用单数形式。名师点津none可与of连
28、用表示范围，而no one/ nobody及nothing不可。none可用来回答How many/much.？的特殊疑问句，而no one/nobody及nothing则分别用来回答Who.？和What.？的特殊疑问句。none可用来回答含“any名词”的一般疑问句。How many birds are there in the tree?树上有多少只鸟？None.一只也没有。What is in the box?盒子里的是什么？Nothing.没什么。Who is in the classroom?谁在教室里？No one/Nobody.没有人。Is there any bread lef
29、t?有剩余的面包吗？No，none at all.不，一点也没有。选词填空(none/no one/nothing) likes a person with bad manners.The war broke out.All the people felt frightened but had left there. He felt hungry, but he could find to eat in the kitchen.【答案】No onenonenothing11(教材P19)Angela，21，adds，“Id love to stay in the community where
30、 I grew up，but there are no good jobs.”21岁的安杰拉补充道：“我挺乐意住在我长大的社区里，但是那里没有好的工作”(1)add v补充说；继续说；加，求和；增加，增添If you add three and four you get seven.三加四等于七。(1)add up sth./add sth.up把加起来，up为副词，宾语若为代词应置于词组中间。add up to(come to，total)加起来总和是，总共有，不用于被动语态，后常跟表示数字的词作宾语。add to(increase)增加；增add.to. 把加到(进)里add that 补
31、充说(2)addition n. 增加，添加物in addition 此外in addition to 除了以外(还)Her colleagues laughter only added to her embarrassment.她同事们的笑只会使她更尴尬。Add up all the money I owe you，please.请把我欠你的钱全部加起来。The costs added up to 10 million dollars.费用总计达 1 000万美元。完成句子片中的音乐使我们对这部电影更加喜爱。The music our enjoyment of the film.加了水果使谷
32、类食品变得可口。 fruit makes the cereal taste good.除了暴风雨之外，还断电了。There was a storm and， ，there was a power out.她除了英语之外，还会讲德语。She speaks German in English.【答案】added toThe addition ofin additionaddition to(2)in the community where I grew up，其中where I grew up(in which I grew up)属于定语从句where引导的状语从句与定语从句的区别(1)wher
33、e引导状语从句时，其前面无先行词，where不能换成“介词which”。I found my books where I had left them.我在我原来放书的地方找到了我的书。(状语从句)(2)where引导定语从句时，其前面有名词作先行词，where可换成“介词which”。Hangzhou is a city where/in which there is a beautiful lake.杭州是座城市，在那儿有一个美丽的湖泊。(定语从句)(3)where是一个非常活跃的连词，请注意下面句子中where的用法。Where there is a will，there is a way
34、.(条件状语从句)有志者，事竟成。Stay where you are now.(地点状语从句)待在原地。He works where he was born.(地点状语从句)他在他出生的地方工作。He works in the city where there is a famous tower.(定语从句)他在有一座名塔的城市工作。He told me where he found the book.(宾语从句)他告诉我他是在哪儿找到这本书的。This is where he met Jack.(表语从句)这是他遇到Jack的地方。I have no idea where I can ha
35、ve my bike repaired.(同位语从句)我不知道我能去哪儿修理我的自行车的。写出下列句中where分别引导从句的类型Im going to do what I like and go where I like. I wonder where she lives. Its really no business of yours where I spend my summer. I really have no idea where she has gone. The problem is where we should put the vase. England is one of the few countries where people drive on the left. 【答案】状语从句宾语从句主语从句 同位语从句表语从句定语从句