1、江苏省宜兴市2015高考英语一轮阅读理解练习（4）及答案阅读理解。An “apple polisher” is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment. It is not exactly a bribe(贿赂), but is close to it.All sorts of people are “apple polishers”， including politicians and people in high officesjust about everybody. Oliver Cromwell, the
2、great English leader, offered many gifts to win the support of George Fox and his party, but failed.There are other phrases meaning the same thing as “applepolishing”“softsoaping” or “butteringup”. A gift is just one way to “softsoap” somebody, or to “butter him up”. Another that is just as effectiv
3、e is flattery, giving someone high praisetelling him how good he looks, or how well he speaks, or how talented and wise he is.Endless are the ways of flattery. Who does not love to hear it? Only an unusual man can resist the thrill of being told how wonderful he is. In truth, flattery is good medici
4、ne for most of us, who get so little of it.We need it to be more sure of ourselves. It cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it. But if we just lap it up for its good value and nourishment, as a cat laps up milk, then we can still remain true to ourselves.Sometimes, however, flattery will get yo
5、u nothing from one who has had too much of it. A good example is the famous 12th century legend of King Canute of Denmark and England. The king got tired of listening to endless sickening flattery of his courtiers(朝臣). They overpraised him to the skies, as a man of limitless might.He decided to teac
6、h them a lesson. He took them to the seashore and sat down. Then he ordered the waves to stop coming in. The tide was too busy to listen to him. The king was satisfied. This might show his followers how weak his power was and how empty their flattery was.1Which of the following activities has nothin
7、g to do with “applepolishing”？AA boy tells his girlfriend how pretty she looks.BAn employee tells her boss how good he is at management.CA knight is said to be of limitless power by his followers.DA teacher praises her students for their talent and wisdom.2What does the writer want to prove with Cro
8、mwells example?AEverybody can be an apple polisher.BCromwell was not a good apple polisher.CGeorge Fox and his party were not apple polishers.DThere are people who dont like being applepolished.3Which of the following statements about flattery is TRUE according to the author?AToo much flattery can c
9、arry us away.BFlattery is too empty to do people any good.CFlattery can get you nothing but excessive(过度的) pride.DFlattery is one of the ways to applepolished people.4Why did King Canute of Denmark and England take his followers to the seashore?ABecause he was sick of his normal life.BBecause he dis
10、liked being overpraised any more.CBecause he wanted them to realize how wise he was.DBecause he wanted them to see how weak he was as a king.5Who does the author think that flattery can do good to?AThose who are politicians or in high offices.BThose who lack confidence.CThose who are really excellen
11、t.DThose who think highly of themselves.【要点综述】本文论述了现代社会存在的一个普遍现象，人们往往为了自己的一点儿利益去送礼或者说一些阿谀奉承的话，当然有时即使这样做了也未必就能实现自己的愿望。1D推理判断题。根据“An apple polisher is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment.”可知，一个老师表扬学生并不是想得到什么好处。故选D项。2A细节理解题。根据“All sorts of people are apple polishers，including pol
12、iticians and people in high officesjust about everybody.Oliver Cromwell，the great English leader，offered many gifts to win the support of George Fox and his party，but failed.”可知，高层的领导者也有拍马屁的人，可以想象每个人都可能是这种人。故选A项。3D细节理解题。根据“An apple polisher is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatme
13、nt.”和“A gift is just one way to softsoap somebody，or to butter him upAnother that is just as effective is flattery”可知选D项。4B细节理解题。根据“The king got tired of listening to endless sickening flattery of his courtiers(朝臣)”可知国王厌烦了朝臣们的阿谀奉承，故选B项。5B细节理解题。根据“In truth，flattery is good medicine for most of us，who
14、 get so little of it.We need it to be more sure of ourselves.It cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it.”可知，对于缺乏自信的人来说，奉承是有好处的。故选B项。【2013湖南卷】In my living room, there is a plaque (匾) that advises me to “Bloom (开花) where you are planted.” It reminds me of Dorothy. I got to know Dorothy in the ear
15、ly 1980s, when I was teaching Early Childhood Development through a program with Union College in Barbourville, Kentucky. The job responsibilities required occasional visits to the classroom of each teacher in the program. Dorothy stands out in my memory as one who “bloomed” in her remote area.Dorot
16、hy taught in a school in Harlan County, Kentucky, Appalachian Mountain area. To get to her school from the town of Harlan, I followed a road winding around the mountain. In the eightmile journey, I crossed the same railroad track five times, giving the possibility of getting caught by the same train
17、 five times. Rather than feeling excited by this drive through the mountains, I found it depressing. The poverty level was shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the greatest feeling of hopelessness.From the moment of my arrival at the little school, all gloom (忧郁) disappeared. Upon arriving a
18、t Dorothys classroom, I was greeted with smiling faces and treated like a queen. The children had been prepared to show me their latest projects. Dorothy told me with a big smile that they were serving poke greens salad and cornbread for “dinner” (lunch). In case you dont know, poke greens are a wee
19、dtype plant that grows wild, especially on poor ground.Dorothy never ran out of reports of exciting activities of her students. Her enthusiasm never cooled down. When it came time to sit for the testing and interviewing required to receive her Child Development Associate Certification, Dorothy was r
20、eady. She came to the assessment and passed in all areas. Afterward, she invited me to the oneandonly steak house in the area to celebrate her victory, as if she had received her Ph.D. degree. After the meal, she placed a little box containing an old pen in my hand. She said it was a family heirloom
21、 (传家宝), but to me it is a treasured symbol of appreciation and pride that cannot be matched with things.61“Early Childhood Development” in Paragraph 1 refers to _ A. a program directed by Dorothy B. a course given by the author C. an activity held by the students D. an organization sponsored by Unio
22、n College62In the journey, the author was most disappointed at seeing _ A. the long track B. the poor houses C. the same train D. the winding road63Upon arriving at the classroom, the author was cheered up by _ A. a warm welcome B. the sight of poke greens C. Dorothys latest projects D. a big dinner
23、 made for her64What can we know about Dorothy from the last paragraph? A. She was invited to a celebration at a restaurant. B. She got a pen as a gift from the author. C. She passed the required assessment. D. She received her Ph.D. degree.65What does the author mainly intend to tell us? A. Whatever
24、 you do, you must do it carefully. B. Whoever you are, you deserve equal treatment. C. However poor you are, you have the right to education. D. Wherever you are, you can accomplish your achievement.【要点综述】 Dorothy在一所条件非常差的学校获得了很大的成功，这说明一个人获得成功与他在什么地方没有直接关系，最重要的是要付出努力。61. B细节理解题。 根据文章第一段第三句可知，Early C
25、hildhood Development是作者教的一门课程。62. B细节理解题。 根据文章第二段最后一句的“the small shabby houses gave me the greatest feeling of hopelessness.”可知，又小又破的房子使作者感到最为失望，因此B项正确。63. A细节理解题。 根据文章第三段第一、二句可知，一到Dorothy的教室，作者就受到热烈的欢迎，这使她的忧郁消失了，因此A项正确。64. C推理判断题。 文章最后一段第三句提到Dorothy面试材料准备充分，而此段的“to celebrate her victory”说明Dorothy已经
26、通过了评估测试。65. D主旨大意题。文章通过讲述Dorothy在极其恶劣的环境下获得成功的故事，说明一个人不管在什么地方，只要付出努力就能实现自己的梦想，因此D项正确。C22013湖南卷 Its such a happylooking library, painted yellow, decorated with palmtree stickers and sheltered from the Florida sun by its own roof. About the size of a microwave oven, its pedestrianfriendly, too, waitin
27、g for book lovers next to a sidewalk in Palm Beach Country Estates, along the northern boundary of Palm Beach Gardens.Its a library built with love.A year ago, shortly after Janey Henriksen saw a Brian Williams report about the Little Free Library organization, a Wisconsinbased nonprofit that aims t
28、o promote literacy and build a sense of community in a neighborhood by making books freely available, she announced to her family of four, “Thats what were going to do for our spring break！”Son Austin, now a 10thgrader, didnt see the point of building a library that resembles a mailbox. But Janey in
29、sisted, and husband Peter unwillingly got to work. The 51yearold owner of a ship supply company modified a small wooden house that hed built years earlier for daughter Abbies toy horses, and made a door of glass.After adding the librarys final touches (装点), the family hung a signboard on the front,
30、instructing users to “take a book, return a book，” and making the Henriksen library, now one of several hundred like it nationwide and among more than 2，500 in the world, the only Little Free Library in Palm Beach County.They stocked it with 20 or so books theyd already read, a mix of science fictio
31、n, reference titles, novels and kids favorites. “I told them, keep in mind that you might not see it again，” said Janey, a stayathome mom.Since then, the collection keeps replenishing (补充) itself, thanks to ongoing donations from borrowers. The library now gets an average of five visits a day.The pr
32、ojects best payoff, says Peter, are the thankyou notes left behind. “We had no idea in the beginning that it would be so popular.”66In what way is the library “pedestrianfriendly”？ A. It owns a yellow roof. B. It stands near a sidewalk. C. It protects book lovers from the sun. D. It uses palmtree st
33、ickers as decorations.67Janey got the idea to build a library from _ A. a visit to Brian Williams B. a spring break with her family C. a book sent by one of her neighbors D. a report on a Wisconsinbased organization68The library was built _ A. by a ship supply company B. on the basis of toy horses C
34、. like a mailbox D. with glass69What can we infer about the signboard? A. It was made by a user of the library. B. It marked a final touch to the library. C. It aimed at making the library last long. D. It indicated the library was a family property.70The passage tells us that the users _ A. donate
35、books to the libraryB. get paid to collect books for the library C. receive thankyou notes for using the library D. visit the library over 5 times on average daily【要点综述】 文章主要讲述了Janey Henriksen一家建立微型图书馆的故事。66. B细节理解题。 根据文章第一段第二句可知这个特殊的图书馆为过路的人提供借书的方便，因此B项正确。67. D细节理解题。 根据文章第三段第一句可知Janey Henriksen是因为看
36、到一篇关于the Little Free Library organization准备建社区图书馆的报道后受到启发才建这样特殊的图书馆的。68. C细节理解题。 根据文章第四段第一句可知C项正确。69. C推理判断题。 根据文章第五段可知，这个标牌要读者拿走一本书一定要归还，其目的是使图书馆能够持续更长的时间。70. A主旨大意题。 根据文章倒数第二段第一句可知借书者经常捐书给图书馆，因此A项正确；文章没有提到给图书馆筹备书应获得报酬，因此B项错误；文章最后一段提到Peter经常收到借书者的感谢信，而不是借书者收到感谢信，因此C项错误；根据文章倒数第二段第二句可知D项错误。【2015高考复习】
37、阅读理解 High school dropouts earn an average of $9,000 less per year than graduates.Now a new study moves away a common belief why they quit.Its much more than failing in exams at school.Society tends to think of high school dropouts as kids who just cant cut it.They are lazy，and perhaps not too bright
38、.So researchers were surprised when they asked more than 450 kids who quit school about why they left.“The vast majority actually had passing grades and they were confident that they could have graduated from high school.”John Bridgeland，the executive researcher said.About 1 million teens leave scho
39、ol each year.Only about half of AfricanAmerican and Hispanic(美籍西班牙的)students will receive a diploma，and actually all dropouts come to regret their decision.So，if failing grades dont explain why these kids quit，what does？Again，John Bridgeland said，“The most dependable finding was that they were bored
40、.”“They found classes uninteresting；they werent inspired or motivated.They didnt see any direct connection between what they were learning in the classroom to their own lives，or to their possible careers.”The study found that most teens who do dropout wait until they turn sixteen，which happens to be
41、 the age at which most states allow students to quit.In the US，only one state，New Mexico，has a law requiring teenagers to stay in high school until they graduate.Only four states：California，Tennessee，Texas and Utah，plus the District of Columbia，require school attendance until age 18，no exceptions.An
42、other researcher says raising the compulsory attendance age may be one way to keep more kids in school.“As these dropouts look back，they realize theyve made a mistake.And anything that sort of gives these people an extra push to stick it out，is probably a helpful measure.”New Hampshire may be the ne
43、xt state to raise its school attendance age to 18.But critics say that forcing the students unwilling to continue their studies to stay in school misses the pointthe need for reform.Its been called for to reinvent high school education to make it more challenging and relevant，and to ensure that kids
44、 who do stick it out receive a diploma that actually means something.【语篇解读】 学生为什么要辍学？是因为他们不聪明不努力而导致考试不及格吗？调查显示，并非如此。学校教育的乏味和缺乏实用性才是罪魁祸首。中学教育的改革势在必行。16Most high school students drop out of school because _.Athey often fail in examsBthey find school learning boringCthey are discriminated againstDthey
45、are lazy and not intelligent答案B事实细节题。由第三段“The most dependable finding was that they were bored.”“They found classes uninteresting；they werent inspired or motivated.”一句可知。17According to the passage，which state will soon have a law requiring school attendance until 18?ACalifornia. BNew Hampshire.CNew
46、Mexico. DUtah.答案B事实细节题。由最后一段第一句可知。New Mexico颁布法律规定学生必须毕业，并没有年龄限制。而California和Utah是已经实行了这一规定的州。18In the last paragraph，the writer is trying to _.Aanalyze the reason why students quit schoolBsuggest raising the compulsory attendance ageCraise awareness of reforming high school educationDwish to make l
47、aws to guarantee no education答案C推理判断题。文章最后一段指出：强迫不愿意继续上学的学生留在学校显然是没有看到问题的关键改革的必要性。由此可见，作者是赞同中学教育改革并希望公众能注意这个问题。19What is the purpose of the author writing this article?ATo analyze the reasons why many students drop out of school.BTo introduce the measures to stop students from dropping out of school.CTo introduce the different regulations in the USA about students dropping out of school.DTo raise awareness of educational reforming in the USA.答案D主旨大意题。作者借助一份关于中学生辍学的研究结果，说明了美国中学教育改革的必要性。