1、2015-2016学年宁夏银川二中高二（下）月考化学试卷（3月份）一、选择题（在每题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是正确的每题2分，共42分）1目前已知化合物中数量、品种最多的是IVA碳的化合物（有机化合物），下列关于其原因的叙述中不正确是（）A碳原子既可以跟自身，又可以跟其他原子（如氢原子）形成4个共价键B碳原子性质活泼，可以跟多数元素原子形成共价键C碳原子之间既可以形成稳定的单键，又可以形成稳定的双键和三键D多个碳原子可以形成长度不同的链、支链及环，且链、环之间又可以相互结合2按碳骨架分类，下列说法正确的是（）A属于醇类化合物B属于芳香族化合物C属于脂环化合物DCH3CH（CH3）2 属于链状
2、化合物3设阿伏加德罗常数为NA，则下列说法正确的是（）A1.5g甲基（CH3）所含有的电子数是NAB14g乙烯和丙烯的混合物中含有原子的数目为NAC标准状况下，1 L戊烷充分燃烧后生成的气态产物的分子数为NAD常温常压下，1mol CnH2n+2中所含有的共价键数目为（3n+1）NA4下列化学用语正确的是（）A醛基的结构简式COHB丙烯分子的结构简式为：CH3CHCH2C四氯化碳分子的电子式为：D2乙基1，3丁二烯的键线式：5下列操作达不到预期目的是（）石油分馏时把温度计插入液面以下用溴水除去乙烯中混有的SO2气体用乙醇与1mol/L的H2SO4混合共热到170制取乙烯将饱和食盐水滴入盛有电石
3、的烧瓶中制乙炔ABCD6下列有机物命名正确的是（）A 2乙基丙烷BCH3CH2CH2CH2OH 1丁醇C 间二甲苯D 2甲基2丙烯7下列各组物质间的反应与反应类型不相符的是（）A乙烯与溴水（加成反应）B甲苯与浓硝酸（硝化反应）C氯乙烷与氢氧化钠醇溶液 （取代反应）D乙烯与高锰酸钾（氧化反应）8下列有机物分子中，所有原子一定处于同一平面的是（）ACH3CH=CH2B CCH3CH3D9某烃与氢气发生反应后能生成（CH3）2CHCH2CH3，则该烃不可能是（）A2甲基2丁烯B2，3二甲基1丙烯C3甲基1丁烯D2甲基1，3丁二烯10分子式为 C4H10O 并能与金属钠反应放出氢气的有机物有（不含立体
4、异构）（）A3 种B4 种C5 种D6 种11标况下，某混合气体由两种气态烃组成，2.24L该混合气体完全燃烧后，得到4.48L二氧化碳和3.6克水，则这两种气体可能是（）ACH4和 C3H8BCH4和C3H4CC2H2和C3H4DC2H4和C2H612下列有机物分子中可形成顺反异构的是（）ACH3CH2ClBCH2=CHCH3CCH3CHCHBrDCH3CHC（CH3）213将有机物完全燃烧，生成CO2和H2O将12.4g该有机物的完全燃烧产物通过浓H2SO4，浓硫酸增重 10.8g，再通过碱石灰，碱石灰又增重了17.6g下列说法正确的是（）A该有机物的最简式为 CH3OB该有机物的分子式可
5、能为 CH3OC该有机物的分子式可能为 C2H6OD该有机物1H核磁共振谱中有两个峰14为检验某卤代烃中的卤元素，进行如下操作，正确的顺序是（）加热加入AgNO3A溶液取少量该卤代烃加入足量稀硝酸酸化加入NaOH溶液冷却ABCD15将下列各种液体：苯；四氯化碳；碘化钾溶液；乙烯；植物油，分别与溴水混合后充分振荡、静置，液体分为两层，原溴水层几乎是无色的是（）AB只有CD16下列说法正确的是（）A两种烃相对分子质量相同，但结构不同，性质也不同，一定是同分异构体B某有机物燃烧只生成CO2和H2O，且二者物质的量相同，则此有机物的组成为CnH2nC两种有机物若互为同分异构体，则它们一定不互为同系物D
6、两种烃所含有碳元素的质量分数相同，一定互为同分异构体17有四种烷烃：3，3二甲基戊烷、庚烷、2甲基己烷、丁烷它们的沸点由高到低的顺序是（）ABCD18一种化学名为 2，4，4三氯2 羟基二苯醚的物质（如图），被广泛应用于肥皂、牙膏等日用化学品之中，有杀菌消毒等作用则下列有关说法中正确的是（）A该物质苯环上的一溴取代物有 6 种B该物质与 FeCl3溶液混合后不显色C该物质中所有原子一定处于同一平面D物质的分子式为 C12H6Cl3O219下列有机物中，在铜的作用下催化氧化，又能发生消去反应，且消去生成物中存在同分异构体的是（）ACH3 CH2C（OH）（CH3）2B（CH3）2CHOHCCH3
7、CH（OH）CH2 CH3D20某气态烃在密闭容器中与O2恰好完全反应，反应后恢复至原室温，测得气体体积为原来的 1/2，则该烃可能是（）ACH4BC2H6CC3H8DC4H1021如图表示4溴环己烯所发生的4个不同反应其中，有机产物只含有一种官能团的反应是（）ABCD二、非选择题（共58分）22（1）下列物质中互为同系物的有；互为同分异构体的有互为同素异形体的有；属于同位素的有；是同一种物质的有O2 氯仿 CH3CH2OH O3 CHCl3 CH3OCH3CH3 C C CH3OH（2）已知某有机物 A，含 C、H、O 元素，其蒸气的密度是相同状况下氢气密度的30倍，其中氧元素的质量分数为2
8、6.7%，则该有机物的分子式为为测定 A 的结构，作核磁共振氢谱，发现有三种吸收峰，且该物质可与金属钠反应，则A可能的结构简式为23按要求完成下面每一小题（1）除去乙烷中混有的少量乙烯，所用的试剂是；（2）除去混在硝基苯中的硝酸，所用的试剂是；（3）的一氯取代物有种（4）2，3二甲基4乙基已烷 （写出结构简式）24写出下列反应的化学方程式：（1）苯酚溶液和浓溴水的反应；（2）1溴丙烷和NaOH醇溶液共热；（3）用苯制溴苯的反应；（4）乙醇的催化氧化25实验室可用NaBr、浓H2SO4、乙醇为原料制备少量溴乙烷：C2H5OH+HBrC2H5Br+H2O已知反应物的用量为：0.30mol NaBr
9、（s）；0.25mol C2H5OH（密度为0.80gcm3）；36mL浓H2SO4（质量分数为98%，密度为1.84gmL1）；25mL水试回答下列问题（1）该实验应选择图中的a装置还是b装置？（2）反应装置中的烧瓶应选择下列哪种规格最合适A.50mL B.100mL C.150mL D.250mL（3）冷凝管中的冷凝水的流向应是AA进B出 BB进A出 C从A进或B进均可（4）可能发生的副反应为：、（至少写出3个方程式）（5）实验完成后，须将烧瓶内的有机物蒸出，结果得到棕黄色的粗溴乙烷，欲得纯净溴乙烷，应采用的措施是26有机化学反应因反应条件不同，可生成不同的有机产品例如：HX+（X为溴原子
10、）工业上利用上述信息，按下列路线合成结构简式为的物质，该物质是一种香料请根据上述路线，回答下列问题：（1）A的结构简式可能为（2）反应的反应类型（3）工业生产中，中间产物A须经反应得D，而不采取直接转化为D的方法，其原因是（4）这种香料具有多种同分异构体，其中某些物质有下列特征：属于酚类 分子中有苯环，且苯环上的一溴代物有两种写出符合上述条件的物质可能的结构简式（只写1种）：2015-2016学年宁夏银川二中高二（下）月考化学试卷（3月份）参考答案与试题解析一、选择题（在每题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是正确的每题2分，共42分）1目前已知化合物中数量、品种最多的是IVA碳的化合物（有机化合物）
11、，下列关于其原因的叙述中不正确是（）A碳原子既可以跟自身，又可以跟其他原子（如氢原子）形成4个共价键B碳原子性质活泼，可以跟多数元素原子形成共价键C碳原子之间既可以形成稳定的单键，又可以形成稳定的双键和三键D多个碳原子可以形成长度不同的链、支链及环，且链、环之间又可以相互结合【考点】有机化合物中碳的成键特征【分析】A碳原子最外层有4个电子，碳原子与碳原子、其他原子（如氢原子）形成4个共价键；B碳原子化学性质不活泼；C碳原子最外层有四个电子，碳原子之间可以形成稳定的单键，又可以形成稳定的双键和三键，还能成环；D碳原子最外层有四个电子，碳原子之间可以形成稳定的单键，又可以形成稳定的双键和三键，还能
12、成环【解答】解：A碳原子最外层有4个电子，碳原子与碳原子、其他原子（如氢原子）形成4个共价键达到稳定结构，故A正确； B碳原子性质不活泼，故B错误；C碳原子之间成键方式具有多样性，碳原子与碳原子之间不仅可以形成共价单键，还可以形成双键、单键，不仅可以形成碳链还可以形成碳环，故C正确；D碳原子最外层有四个电子，碳原子之间可以形成稳定的单键，又可以形成稳定的双键和三键，多个碳原子可以形成长度不同的链、支链及环，且链、环之间又可以相互结合，故D正确故选B2按碳骨架分类，下列说法正确的是（）A属于醇类化合物B属于芳香族化合物C属于脂环化合物DCH3CH（CH3）2 属于链状化合物【考点】醇类简介；芳香
13、烃、烃基和同系物【分析】A、苯环上直接连着羟基的化合物属于酚；B、含有苯环的化合物属于芳香族化合物；C、含有环（非苯环）的化合物属于脂环化合物；D、烷烃同系物都是链状化合物【解答】解：A、该物质苯环上直接连着羟基，属于酚，不是醇，故A错误；B、该物质不含苯环，不属于属于芳香族化合物，故B错误；C、本物质含有环（苯环）化合物不属于脂环化合物，属于芳香烃，故C错误；D、该物质是丁烷的一种同分异构体，烷烃同系物都是链状化合物，故D正确故选D3设阿伏加德罗常数为NA，则下列说法正确的是（）A1.5g甲基（CH3）所含有的电子数是NAB14g乙烯和丙烯的混合物中含有原子的数目为NAC标准状况下，1 L戊
14、烷充分燃烧后生成的气态产物的分子数为NAD常温常压下，1mol CnH2n+2中所含有的共价键数目为（3n+1）NA【考点】阿伏加德罗常数【分析】A、质量换算物质的量结合微粒计算电子数；B、乙烯和丙烯的最简式为CH2，计算14gCH2中所含碳原子数；C、标况下，戊烷为液态；D、根据烷烃中含有的碳碳键和碳氢键计算出1mol中含有的共价键数目【解答】解：A、1.5g甲基（CH3）物质的量为0.1mol，所含有的电子数是0.9NA，故A错误；B、乙烯和丙烯的最简式为CH2，计算14gCH2中所含碳原子数=1NA=NA，故B正确；C、标况下，戊烷为液态，不能根据气体摩尔体积来计算其物质的量，故C错误；
15、D、1molmolCnH2n+2（烷烃）中含有（n1）mol碳碳键和（2n+2）mol碳氢键，总共含有（3n+1）mol共价键，含有共价键数为（3n+1）NA，故D正确；故选BD4下列化学用语正确的是（）A醛基的结构简式COHB丙烯分子的结构简式为：CH3CHCH2C四氯化碳分子的电子式为：D2乙基1，3丁二烯的键线式：【考点】电子式、化学式或化学符号及名称的综合【分析】A醛基中存在碳氧双键，醛基的结构简式应该为：COH；B丙烯分子中含有碳碳双键，结构简式中不能漏掉碳碳双键；C四氯化碳的电子式中没有标出氯离子的最外层的3对孤对电子；D将碳、氢元素符号省略，只表示分子中键的连接情况，每个拐点或终
16、点均表示有1个碳原子，称为键线式，据此判断该有机物结构简式，然后进行命名【解答】解：A醛基正确的结构简式为CHO，故A错误；B丙烯分子中含有碳碳双键，丙烯正确的结构简式为CH3CH=CH2，故B错误；C四氯化碳为共价化合物，分子中存在4个碳氯键，碳原子和氯原子都达到8电子稳定结构，四氯化碳正确的电子式为，故C错误；D2乙基1，3丁二烯分子中，在1、3号碳各含有一个碳碳双键，在2号C含有一个乙基，其键线式为，故D正确；故选D5下列操作达不到预期目的是（）石油分馏时把温度计插入液面以下用溴水除去乙烯中混有的SO2气体用乙醇与1mol/L的H2SO4混合共热到170制取乙烯将饱和食盐水滴入盛有电石的
17、烧瓶中制乙炔ABCD【考点】化学实验方案的评价；乙烯的实验室制法；乙炔炔烃；物质的分离、提纯和除杂；石油的分馏【分析】石油分馏时温度计测量蒸气温度；二氧化硫和乙烯都和溴发生反应；用乙醇与浓H2SO4混合共热到170制取乙烯；电石和水反应生成氢氧化钙和乙炔【解答】解：石油分馏时温度计测量蒸气温度，所以温度计水银球位于烧瓶支管口处，故错误；二氧化硫和乙烯都和溴发生反应，所以不能用溴水除去乙烯中的二氧化硫，可以用碱液除去乙烯中的二氧化硫，故错误；用乙醇与浓H2SO4混合共热到170制取乙烯，浓硫酸作催化剂，故错误；电石和水反应生成氢氧化钙和乙炔，为防止反应速率过快，将饱和食盐水滴入盛有电石的烧瓶中制
18、乙炔，故正确；故选D6下列有机物命名正确的是（）A 2乙基丙烷BCH3CH2CH2CH2OH 1丁醇C 间二甲苯D 2甲基2丙烯【考点】有机化合物命名【分析】A、烷烃命名时，要选最长的碳链为主链，从离官能团近的一端给主链上碳原子编号，据此分析；B、醇在命名时，选含官能团的最长的碳链为主链，从离官能团近的一端给主链上的碳原子编号；C、给二甲苯命名时，根据两个甲基之间的位置关系分为“邻、间、对”；D、烯烃在命名时，选含官能团的最长的碳链为主链，从离官能团近的一端给主链上的碳原子编号，用双键两端编号较小的碳原子表示出双键的位置【解答】解：A、烷烃命名时，要选最长的碳链为主链，则主链上有4个碳原子，从
19、离官能团近的一端给主链上碳原子编号，在2号碳原子上有一个甲基，故名称为2甲基丁烷，故A错误；B、醇在命名时，选含官能团的最长的碳链为主链，则主链上有4个碳原子，从离官能团近的一端给主链上的碳原子编号，则OH在1号碳原子上，故名称为1丁醇，故B正确；C、由于苯环上的2个甲基之间是对位的关系，故名称为对二甲苯，故C错误；D、烯烃在命名时，选含官能团的最长的碳链为主链，则主链上有3个碳原子，从离官能团近的一端给主链上的碳原子编号，则在2号碳原子上有一个甲基，在1号和2号碳原子之间有双键，用双键两端编号较小的碳原子表示出双键的位置，故名称为：2甲基1丙烯，故D错误故选B7下列各组物质间的反应与反应类型
20、不相符的是（）A乙烯与溴水（加成反应）B甲苯与浓硝酸（硝化反应）C氯乙烷与氢氧化钠醇溶液 （取代反应）D乙烯与高锰酸钾（氧化反应）【考点】取代反应与加成反应；氧化还原反应【分析】有机物分子中的不饱和键断裂，断键原子与其他原子或原子团相结合，生成新的化合物的反应是加成反应；有机物中的原子或原子团被其他的原子或原子团所代替生成新的化合物的反应叫取代反应；氧化反应：有机反应中得氧或失氢的反应为氧化反应；根据定义来分析解答【解答】解：A乙烯和溴水的反应属于加成反应，故A正确；B甲苯和浓硝酸发生的硝化反应生成硝基甲苯，也属于取代反应，故B正确；C氯乙烷与氢氧化钠醇溶液发生消去反应生成乙烯，该反应不属于取
21、代反应，故C错误；D乙烯分子中含有碳碳双键，能够与高锰酸钾溶液发生氧化还原反应，故D正确；故选C8下列有机物分子中，所有原子一定处于同一平面的是（）ACH3CH=CH2B CCH3CH3D【考点】常见有机化合物的结构【分析】在常见的有机化合物中甲烷是正四面体结构，乙烯和苯是平面型结构，乙炔是直线型结构，其它有机物可在此基础上进行判断【解答】解：A、CH3CH=CH2中含有甲基，具有四面体结构，所以原子不可能处于同一平面，故A不符合；B、CC三键中C原子及连接的原子在一条直线上，苯环及苯环直接相连的所有原子在一个平面上，因此苯乙炔中所有原子一定处于同一平面上，故B符合；C、乙烷中含有甲基，具有四
22、面体结构，所以原子不可能处于同一平面，故C不符合；D、甲苯中含有甲基，具有四面体结构，所以原子不可能处于同一平面，故D不符合；故选B9某烃与氢气发生反应后能生成（CH3）2CHCH2CH3，则该烃不可能是（）A2甲基2丁烯B2，3二甲基1丙烯C3甲基1丁烯D2甲基1，3丁二烯【考点】烯烃【分析】有机物分子中的不饱和键断裂，不饱和原子与其他原子或原子团相结合，生成新的化合物的反应是加成反应，采用逆推法，减去相邻碳原子上的氢原子，重新形成不饱和键，即可的原来的不饱和烃，再根据有机物的命名原则进行命名【解答】解：（CH3）2CHCH2CH3，结构为5号碳原子与1号碳原子化学环境相同A若2、3号碳原子
23、各去掉1个H原子，形成的烯烃为2甲基2丁烯，故A不选；B若1（或5号）、2号碳原子各去掉1个H原子，形成的烯烃为2甲基1丁烯；若3、4号碳原子各去掉2个H原子，形成的炔烃为3甲基1丁炔，无法得到2，3二甲基1丙烯，故B选；C若3、4号碳原子各去掉1个H原子，形成的烯烃为3甲基1丁烯，故C不选；D若1、2号碳原子各去掉1个H原子，同时3、4号碳原子各去掉1个H原子，形成的二烯烃为2甲基1，3丁二烯，故D不选；故选B10分子式为 C4H10O 并能与金属钠反应放出氢气的有机物有（不含立体异构）（）A3 种B4 种C5 种D6 种【考点】同分异构现象和同分异构体【分析】分子式为 C4H10O 并能与
24、金属钠反应放出氢气，为饱和一元醇，可以写成C4H9OH，书写丁基C4H9异构，丁基异构数目等于丁醇的异构体数目【解答】解：丁基C4H9可能的结构有：CH2CH2CH2CH3、CH（CH3）CH2CH3、：CH2CH（CH3）2、C（CH3）3，丁基异构数目等于丁醇的异构体数目，该有机物的可能结构有4种；故选B11标况下，某混合气体由两种气态烃组成，2.24L该混合气体完全燃烧后，得到4.48L二氧化碳和3.6克水，则这两种气体可能是（）ACH4和 C3H8BCH4和C3H4CC2H2和C3H4DC2H4和C2H6【考点】有关混合物反应的计算【分析】2.24L该混合气体的物质的量为0.1mol，
25、完全燃烧得到4.48L二氧化碳和3.6g水，生成二氧化碳的物质的量为0.2mol，水的物质的量为0.2mol，则混合气体平均分子式为C2H4，据此对各选项进行判断【解答】解：n（混合烃）=n（CO2）=0.2mol、n（H2O）=0.2mol，即0.1mol该混合气体中含有0.2molC原子、0.4molH原子，所以该烃的平均分子式为C2H4，C原子数小于2的烃只有甲烷，所以另一种烃碳个数大于2且氢原子数等于4，可以是CH4、C3H4的混合物，若碳个数均为2，则两种烃分子中氢原子个数一个大于4，另一个小于4，ACH4和C3H8混合，平均H原子数目介于48之间，不可能为4，故A错误；BCH4和C
26、3H4按照1：1混合，平均分子式为C2H4，故B正确；CC2H2和C3H4混合，平均C原子数大于2，平均H原子数小于4，故C错误；DC2H4和C2H6混合，以任意比混合，平均C原子数目都是2，平均H原子数目介于46之间，不可能为4，故D错误；故选B12下列有机物分子中可形成顺反异构的是（）ACH3CH2ClBCH2=CHCH3CCH3CHCHBrDCH3CHC（CH3）2【考点】同分异构现象和同分异构体【分析】具有顺反异构体的有机物中C=C双键中同一碳原子应连接不通的原子或原子团【解答】解：ACH3CH2Cl中没有C=C双键，不具有顺反异构，故A错误； BCH2=CHCH3中C=C双键同一碳原
27、子连接相同的H原子，不具有顺反异构，故B错误；CCH3CHCHBr中C=C双键同一碳原子连接不同的原子或原子团，具有顺反异构，故C正确；DCH3CHC（CH3）2中同一碳原子分别连接相同的甲基，不具有顺反异构，故D错误故选C13将有机物完全燃烧，生成CO2和H2O将12.4g该有机物的完全燃烧产物通过浓H2SO4，浓硫酸增重 10.8g，再通过碱石灰，碱石灰又增重了17.6g下列说法正确的是（）A该有机物的最简式为 CH3OB该有机物的分子式可能为 CH3OC该有机物的分子式可能为 C2H6OD该有机物1H核磁共振谱中有两个峰【考点】有关有机物分子式确定的计算【分析】浓硫酸增重的为水的质量，碱
28、石灰增重的为二氧化碳的质量，计算出水、二氧化碳的物质的量，再根据质量守恒确定含有氧元素的质量及物质的量，根据C、H、O元素的物质的量之比得出该有机物的最简式，再根据烷烃中C、H原子数目关系确定分子式【解答】解：将12.4g该有机物的完全燃烧产物通过浓硫酸，浓硫酸增重19.8g为水，其物质的量为： =0.6mol，含有H元素的物质的量为：0.6mol2=1.2mol，H元素质量为1g/mol1.2mol=1.2g，通过碱石灰，碱石灰又增重的17.6g为二氧化碳的质量，其物质的量为： =0.4mol，原有机物中含有碳元素的质量为：12g/mol0.4mol=4.8g，该有机物中含有C、H元素的质量
29、为：4.8g+1.2g=6g12.4g，所以该有机物分子中含有O元素，含有氧元素的物质的量为： =0.4mol，所以该有机物分子中C、H、O原子数之比为：0.4mol：1.2mol：0.4mol=1：3：1，其最简式为CH3O，所以该有机物分子式为C2H6O2，可能结构简式为HOCH2CH2OH、HOCH2OCH3，前者核磁共振氢谱有个峰，后者核磁共振氢谱有3个峰，综上所述，可知A正确，BCD错误，故选：A14为检验某卤代烃中的卤元素，进行如下操作，正确的顺序是（）加热加入AgNO3A溶液取少量该卤代烃加入足量稀硝酸酸化加入NaOH溶液冷却ABCD【考点】化学实验操作的先后顺序【分析】若要检验
30、某卤代烃（RX）中的X元素，应在碱性条件下使卤代烃水解，然后加入硝酸酸化，再加入硝酸银，根据生成的沉淀颜色判断卤代烃的类型，注意必须在加入硝酸银溶液前对水解后的溶液进行酸化，否则影响检测结果【解答】解：检验卤代烃（RX）中的X元素，先取少量卤代烃，卤代烃的水解需在碱性条件下，所以向卤代烃中加入氢氧化钠溶液，然后进行加热加快反应速率，溶液冷却后，由于碱性条件下，氢氧根离子干扰银离子与卤素的反应现象，所以应先向溶液中加入稀硝酸使溶液酸化，再加入硝酸银溶液观察是否生成沉淀，所以正确的操作顺序为：，故选B15将下列各种液体：苯；四氯化碳；碘化钾溶液；乙烯；植物油，分别与溴水混合后充分振荡、静置，液体分
31、为两层，原溴水层几乎是无色的是（）AB只有CD【考点】分液和萃取【分析】苯和水不互溶且溴在苯中的溶解度大于水中的溶解度；四氯化碳和溴不反应，和水不互溶，溴在四氯化碳中的溶解度大于在水中的溶解度；溴和碘化钾发生置换反应；乙烯含有碳碳双键；植物油含有碳碳双键【解答】解：苯和水不互溶且溴在苯中的溶解度大于水中的溶解度，苯和溴不反应，所以苯能萃取溴，使溴水层几乎无色，故正确；四氯化碳和溴不反应，和水不互溶，二者混合分层，溴在四氯化碳中的溶解度大于在水中的溶解度，所以溴水层无色，故正确；溴和碘化钾发生置换反应，碘化钾不能做萃取剂，故错误；乙烯能和溴发生加成反应，故正确；植物油能和溴发生加成反应，故正确；
32、故选C16下列说法正确的是（）A两种烃相对分子质量相同，但结构不同，性质也不同，一定是同分异构体B某有机物燃烧只生成CO2和H2O，且二者物质的量相同，则此有机物的组成为CnH2nC两种有机物若互为同分异构体，则它们一定不互为同系物D两种烃所含有碳元素的质量分数相同，一定互为同分异构体【考点】同分异构现象和同分异构体；芳香烃、烃基和同系物【分析】A相对分子量相同和结构不同的两种有机物，分子式不一定相同；B有机物燃烧只生成CO2和H2O，可能为烃或烃的含氧衍生物；C互为同分异构体的有机物，必定是分子式相同而结构不同的；D两种烃所含有碳元素的质量分数相同只能说明最简式相同【解答】解：A相对分子量相
33、同和结构不同的两种有机物，分子式不一定相同，如乙酸与丙醇，不一定是同分异构体，故A错误； B有机物燃烧只生成CO2和H2O，且二者物质的量相等，只能说明有机物的组成中碳氢原子个数比为1：2，不能确定有无氧元素，故B错误；C互为同分异构体的有机物，必定是分子式相同而结构不同的，那么含的C原子数目肯定是一样的而同系物中的C原子数目必定不等，故C正确；D两种烃所含有碳元素的质量分数相同只能说明最简式相同，分子式不一定相同，故D错误故选：C17有四种烷烃：3，3二甲基戊烷、庚烷、2甲基己烷、丁烷它们的沸点由高到低的顺序是（）ABCD【考点】分子间作用力对物质的状态等方面的影响【分析】有机物中烃分子的相
34、对分子质量越大，分子间作用越强，沸点越高，对应的同分异构体中，含有的支链越多，沸点越低，以此解答该题【解答】解：四种物质中丁烷的相对分子质量最小，则沸点最低，而3，3二甲基戊烷、庚烷、2甲基己烷互为同分异构体，含有的支链越多，沸点越低，则沸点由高到低的顺序为，故选A18一种化学名为 2，4，4三氯2 羟基二苯醚的物质（如图），被广泛应用于肥皂、牙膏等日用化学品之中，有杀菌消毒等作用则下列有关说法中正确的是（）A该物质苯环上的一溴取代物有 6 种B该物质与 FeCl3溶液混合后不显色C该物质中所有原子一定处于同一平面D物质的分子式为 C12H6Cl3O2【考点】有机物的结构和性质【分析】该物质中
35、含有苯环、酚羟基、醚键和氯原子，具有苯、酚、醚和卤代烃的性质，能发生取代反应、加成反应、中和反应、显色反应、水解反应等，据此分析解答【解答】解：A该物质中苯环上H原子有6种，所以其苯环上的一溴代物有6种，故A正确；B含有酚羟基，具有酚的性质，能和氯化铁溶液发生显色反应，故B错误；C该物质中醚键和苯环之间的化学键能旋转，所以该物质中所有原子不一定处于同一平面，故C错误；D根据结构简式确定分子式为 C12H7Cl3O2，故D错误；故选A19下列有机物中，在铜的作用下催化氧化，又能发生消去反应，且消去生成物中存在同分异构体的是（）ACH3 CH2C（OH）（CH3）2B（CH3）2CHOHCCH3C
36、H（OH）CH2 CH3D【考点】有机物分子中的官能团及其结构【分析】醇发生催化氧化的结构特点为：与OH相连的碳原子上有氢原子；醇能发生消去反应结构特点：与OH相连的碳原子的邻位碳原子上必须有氢原子，生成物中存在同分异构体，说明消去位置不同，生成物不同，据此结合选项解答【解答】解：ACH3 CH2C（OH）（CH3）2分子中与OH相连的碳原子上没有氢原子不能发生催化氧化，故A不符合；B（CH3）2CHOH在铜的作用下能催化氧化，又能发生消去反应，生成CH3CH=CH2，消去生成物中不存在同分异构体，故B不符合；CCH3CH（OH）CH2 CH3在铜的作用下能催化氧化，又能发生消去反应，生成CH
37、3CH=CHCH3、CH3CH2CH=CH2，故C符合；D在铜的作用下能催化氧化，又能发生消去反应，消去反应产物只有一种，故D不符合；故选C20某气态烃在密闭容器中与O2恰好完全反应，反应后恢复至原室温，测得气体体积为原来的 1/2，则该烃可能是（）ACH4BC2H6CC3H8DC4H10【考点】有关有机物分子式确定的计算【分析】设烃的分子式为CxHy，燃烧通式为：CxHy+（x+）O2xCO2+H2O，室温下水为液态，反应后压强为原来的50%，则二氧化碳的化学计量数为CxHy、O2的化学计量数之和的一半，据此计算解答【解答】解：设烃的分子式为CxHy，燃烧通式为：CxHy+（x+）O2xCO
38、2+H2O，室温下水为液态，反应后压强为原来的50%，则：2x=1+（x+），整理可得y=4x4，选项中C3H8符合，故选C21如图表示4溴环己烯所发生的4个不同反应其中，有机产物只含有一种官能团的反应是（）ABCD【考点】有机物分子中的官能团及其结构【分析】由结构可知，有机物中含C=C和Br，为氧化反应，为水解反应，为消去反应，为加成反应，以此来解答【解答】解：由结构可知，有机物中含C=C和Br，为氧化反应，得到两种官能团；为加成反应，得到Br和OH两种官能团；为消去反应，产物中只有C=C；为加成反应，产物中只有Br，则有机产物只含有一种官能团的反应是，故选B二、非选择题（共58分）22（1
39、）下列物质中互为同系物的有和或；互为同分异构体的有互为同素异形体的有；属于同位素的有；是同一种物质的有O2 氯仿 CH3CH2OH O3 CHCl3 CH3OCH3CH3 C C CH3OH（2）已知某有机物 A，含 C、H、O 元素，其蒸气的密度是相同状况下氢气密度的30倍，其中氧元素的质量分数为26.7%，则该有机物的分子式为C3H8O为测定 A 的结构，作核磁共振氢谱，发现有三种吸收峰，且该物质可与金属钠反应，则A可能的结构简式为png_iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAFgAAAAoCAYAAAB6tz31AAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACx
40、jwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsMAAA7DAcdvqGQAAAb2SURBVGhD7ZppTFRXGIZZZJVFFllKaqGVpZBWlrCJCxINSFI0BITUEhMTf5kQ/1hjS6spaZu0TfzRxLS1UpUYxYCmAREpLoBEk5YWIpZApIIICBXC4jDDLHyd98N7Z+4IA4JXaXJ/vIH3LN8555lzzz0z59hMT0+TIvmkAJZZEsDj4+N0/7959TX10dPnz4VfXd3Nw0NDUnKPHz4UBJ4KdLr9ZLY5jIYDNTV1SX64eFhiYe0Wu2scS2FPpvXE6RSqejRo
41、0eiHxwcpJ6eHkmZiYmJWWNaSgSMCsePHycXFxdas2YNa/Xq1WRjY0Pbtm2jhoYG8vPzY7927VoqKioif39/9o6OjrR9+/bngi9GgNve3s5xhX5A8JBarabQ0FCytbVlf+zYMQoLCyM7Ozv2QUFB1N/fP2tscwFgZGQkBQQEiG1gHIhx8+ZNys3NJScnJ/aFhYWUmppKzs7O7H19fam6unrWuJZiwJidgIsAe/fuFTOrqqo4IADD19XVsd+wYQP7pqYm9nFxcWKdpQhwOzo6OGZwcLAkTwAIwPArV65kPzIyw
42、t7Hx4c9njbzerNpYGCAIiIieAK1tLSI6UlJSRwDgOG3bNnCvqamhn1mZib7S5cuiXXmEwM+d+4cV8zOzpZk1tbW8izdtWsX+4UANui1pB4b4lnEGnhMgyMq0j3Lt6axsTGOhw/aMi8wMJD78jIAR0VFcdnm5mZJOgCiDYwLfiGAdeoxGh56bBrv4AiNq7Wkf5ZvFbClBMCJiYm8Ll2+fJm9CbCeVANtVFH4Ptm7epKPtxd5ePlRUNb31Dqh4TpzCWu6NcCWEgB3dnZyfS8vL/ZLAWwpAXBZWRm3sXXrVvYmw
43、Fp6UH6Q0mPfIHdPb/L2cCXH0Bw6Wt5M/2r1XGZRgO3t7WnVqlXk7u7O3gR4lHrvnqA9we9R4ldNpBl+QL99GkNOPsGUXNzIdeYS1sDFAPb09OT6wposAJ5SjdCI8QWIl6BJo6Sa0tG7kS8G2M3NjdtYsWIFexPgFirZk0ExWUeo7Pc+GrhylHbG+1P4R99QVdsol1kU4HnXYIOedBoVDXXfpV8PJpHfO7uptNssfw4tBvBcS0T95xEUEuDOk8CkFDpS+w8Fhr4Y4HnXYJ2GVBPj1FlxmD5I2EQF312he6Mze
44、VYB63Q63l1MTk6yXzDgsT669/Nu447EmTwD3qKdP7STSqOTlplF1gCjHxC2afByrMEYJ9rAuOEXDPivk7QnPYpcnBwoNP9LKv9ziLQ6syUCawym/44dO2hqaooz0AgC4dETtmDzAjYOHi85jfFFpDE+imrjElH3WRzZufnTW4eukwFlrAiAsVXC9ggvM8DEXwj9QN7LeMlFR0dzvNu3b/POBWkajYYSEhLIwcGB6uvrOW1ewMYnVTulIbVmirTGOAM1X1B2gh/ZbjpAPzX08HgZMHThwgXeCmVlZfFGHUEQT
45、ICLwV69epXTUlJSuGPYG8PHxsbOfOrqQeqsPEQxrgH0dl4JdWlHqPfvHynPyZfezP2FHjxry5owg7DGY6DY8CM+hDThw0f/XF1dOf3Jkyfsvb292eMLgTDLrWndunVc/s6dO1w/Pj6ex9/Y2Mj5GA/2viiDPS88WMCXl5fPfDD9lVSUGU0+YQX0bXUbDWv/oBO70ygs9EP6uvIujRrjiIDRKUBGAEEZGRliZ7FlE9JDQkJo/79krIxMTE8gycHO6jq45nOz8iDAkIO03Vj3nwzGEJ72Jebx4YAQegLlhAhvb
46、i4mL8cmZft7e19Lq6lEEuALOjWrVtiG5s3bxbT9+3bR+Hh4ZKyFRUVPN6+yk8oM3rm6ZlRKh042Ug9xjzJDIbwqWAggoS1CELD5ulzlUU5g14nycN6tBC4goS2hBmMmSsMHDKPbdkPyLysNaHPc9Uzz8P/lmV5BhvLGfBC15nStVqwMU0mCeDlJoDFWrlQYMtRCmCZpQCWWQpgmaUAllkKYJmlAJZZCmCZpQCWWQpgmaUAllkKYJmlAJZZCmCZpQCWWcsSMI6FkpOTxYsg+F/4vRnCj+FIg0pKSvjkQfAQjt
47、jN471OLTvA+JF9/fr1fEaIGzY3btxgyDgHxA/aKIOjKuFUo62tjY95PDw82F+8eFE8t1sOWlaAcVS0ceNGPo8DWKRhebh27RovFZi5OJxE+lIOPV+llhVga8f2L/Nu2qvU/x5wWloapaen86xXAM+jxQA+f/48VVZWite4FMBWpCwRMksBLLPwxeL06dMMMz8/n9Nw/yAnJ4fhnT17VtwPK4AXKex1T506JULOy8tjcKWlpeJlj4KCAr5KhXSswfDC9X/cr8N1Ksu4r0vLDjAEyGfOnJFIgAthJgvpra2tEg
48、9hP20e7/Vpmv4Drwyz4Cc7LuIAAAAASUVORK5CYILoj4HkvJjnvZE=【考点】芳香烃、烃基和同系物；同位素及其应用；同素异形体；有关有机物分子式确定的计算【分析】（1）具有相同分子式而结构不同的化合物互为同分异构体；同系物指结构相似、通式相同，组成上相差1个或者若干个CH2原子团，具有相同官能团的化合物；质子数相同质量数（或中子数）不同的原子互称同位素；同种元素形成的不同单质互为同素异形体；组成和结构都相同的物质为同一物质，同一物质组成、结构、性质都相同，结构式的形状及物质的聚集状态可能不同（2）A的蒸气密度为相同状况下H2的30倍，则Mr（A）=302=
49、60，其中氧元素的质量分数为26.7%，6026.7%=16，说明含有1个氧原子作核磁共振氢谱，发现有三种吸收峰，说明有3种氢原子，该物质可与金属钠反应，说明含有羟基【解答】解：（1）CH3CH2CH2OH 与CH3OH的结构相似、通式相同，相差1个CH2原子团，互为同系物；CH3CH2CH2OH 与的分子式相同，结构不同，互为同分异构体；O2与O3是由氧元素组成的不同单质，互为同素异形体；氯仿CHCl3的分子式相同，结构相同，是同一种化合物；故答案为：和或；（2）A的蒸气密度为相同状况下H2的30倍，则Mr（A）=302=60，其中氧元素的质量分数为26.7%，6026.7%=16，说明含有
50、1个氧原子，分子式为C3H8O作核磁共振氢谱，发现有三种吸收峰，说明有3种氢原子，该物质可与金属钠反应，说明含有羟基，A可能的结构简式为，故答案为：C3H8O；23按要求完成下面每一小题（1）除去乙烷中混有的少量乙烯，所用的试剂是溴水；（2）除去混在硝基苯中的硝酸，所用的试剂是氢氧化钠溶液；（3）的一氯取代物有2种（4）2，3二甲基4乙基已烷 （写出结构简式）（CH3）2CHCH（CH3）CH（C2H5）CH2CH3【考点】物质的分离、提纯的基本方法选择与应用；结构简式；同分异构现象和同分异构体【分析】（1）乙烯与溴水反应，而乙烷不能；（2）硝酸与NaOH反应后，与硝基苯分层；（3）结构对称，
51、只有2种H；（4）主链含6个C，2、3号C上有甲基，4号C上有乙基【解答】解：（1）乙烯与溴水反应，而乙烷不能，则选择溴水除去，故答案为：溴水；（2）硝酸与NaOH反应后，与硝基苯分层，则选择NaOH、分液，故答案为：氢氧化钠溶液；（3）结构对称，只有2种H，则的一氯取代物有2种，故答案为：2；（4）主链含6个C，2、3号C上有甲基，4号C上有乙基，结构简式为（CH3）2CHCH（CH3）CH（C2H5）CH2CH3，故答案为：（CH3）2CHCH（CH3）CH（C2H5）CH2CH324写出下列反应的化学方程式：（1）苯酚溶液和浓溴水的反应png_iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUg
52、AAASwAAABdCAYAAAAfdFulAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsMAAA7DAcdvqGQAAD8WSURBVHhe7Z0JvB1Flf9fwiaIOjqLMuOfIAgijCIwCCIiqyyyCbKogOgomhBIIgETQR38DOqM/pF9R0aRCCioQOAflSWQQAibIyhGloQskLy85K13X87/fE/1ubfuzX1b8pKY0L+XSndX19Z1Tv3qVHXd6jYZBNVqNTnrDxUhRLVaDpcRKlI2V6xWpFIpSblcDP56XpGcHvFXp2
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54、L6xqmMQwxNj7JomBDe8w06R7uo6Zb6WJxEJzRYDXZdDe3A8zQ9SvJ1xGUx52nZc3j6epaUvT/9506MQQmrP8RE1kxqmr/BH75oDSopMA9CQbVgVSt8VUqV5IGsIsL94EJ44JXCsVAt1irXnBFDokTuanmVTNmAnlnFmKKo8CBD8m/Is0V8yqpUob6BtEivoAxI3kZYqqgNaSSOcuU1rJZWr0lPy5788Rwobgir4VRYeQvHdUKu1Zzl5XHtXHPEBf96Xo0uhAdcWz4aJ64zT8fDBlfXTL+/pigWtekoWTWjIS
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63、e330ee/EPRhoBdmlZRe55q4Tm5+OzD5N4nZ8gyNanPnnCY/GHOLaoaqgyl1zT+A3L95SfIf/iZ4K91ZkNSgNhoTOmUPSFKWGlWAM4UQHrhCEndEtVHsLC8asJQDh7SZTXjrkzKx/ZbV/5w4sFWaojBYZ4peoKqZT+JFPGHSb3PHqfrNCh4fivnSKzZ99u7UFKnRrmObn20rFylXbEtAfmb1OMHAYZEtLrhFXhJmgVKON0rCt6HISdX1KS94/ZW17pKsvSKhaWCrayRMM+KTddNlYu/cU0taAq8vUpp8gzD/7
64、M5sNY6lApPyo3XP8lueS2W2WJphgsrFIgK5SpwjqWsGQiRYrVBTpMx2sdrDnmooqBrBLL3ggMooLcWFvYrR3nqytl9/ftIQuXl6VDQ/CCqVRdrpbXk/LTKyfIf958vU13nD/5aHn68Ws0paU23VEpvyxXXnK+XH/7L6VT00sJa2QxJMKyn54kgjYSUcGHtakVefnJJXLykV9S87dsPQo9UZmr0mx5bMaP5JRzzjL/yeedJG9qa5NN1W05qk22GN0mozdpk2t/8ataT+RvaIwYlRR9OUWKFKuL8POrumNBZ6C
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68、RQfebrsPBJue6HY+XaX/9a5mn6NiREeejNICx6O/VPkWJN4ATV7MyKdwLTDpNZKn7/Vyr3SSHbaUeWKvz+wQds/VVb22jT70+feaYNEVfaC6ZemTThizLzwTtt2qRaXiGl4iy56fIvyQ+m/cSmOvj5P/QYOv+EvFIOW20MSli1HsoqnqEgPw8Ne+0wr5UvhPv29i8hGX6+wEQlk46siu/p4fdV2gOVVRGky962WG9UWS49ykmEhbC6c2EIGPIsmdKkSLGmsLeE6LDNYXFOJxzeHoJCKSwaNX9GD+iqDhMJyw
69、/I0E1+2sOwD2LLqw+6n6sU1IJifxL0VuOWOjV0h3XQ6D2O6RTgBJlizTAoYflvsGzSUR2CMaKCtMr118K24LOENVWRTx53gpJW0ZY4MDtgZMdKYlUEFpXmtSeyHk1TwXKzoaamxbmZ6SiP7TPlOyymSLF6MPJRXTOCQpchlsipp+mcAyuomCF86IjRTeZXGSJ+9nNHq54n2yJpXPQVHe+u9tk14X2+l3TdL8XIYXDCst4pETC9jF7TT6i4TNC4+oZ+QTgMC009VHBhjqB+P6QTFCicB8JDUTiCmqmu91OkWF
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124、Yj8f35DLIogGzMvAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC6I+B5LyY572R；（2）1溴丙烷和NaOH醇溶液共热BrCH2CH2CH3+NaOH_醇CH3CH=CH2+NaBr+H2O；（3）用苯制溴苯的反应png_iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAXwAAABGCAYAAADPcS+1AAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsMAAA7DAcdvqGQAADReSURBVHhe7X0HfBXF2n5AEK9+1nu9Rb3q1Xvv/97vU1FABBRRhAAKKE1E6U3FQpcmvYSigPS
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175、ABZs2aJXmEH66PioqSaUoA0txD/qhRowZ+/PFHyR/MGxISItOLKhTd37x5U/IHeXvy5MnyXswf6Ld4pPjCTWkdFO4U8jTd0KuFn/gyEym1GBIEtxEYMWIE/va3v8m8HB2wDnXcD5ivq34rzYW/p02bJj9WQlNO79695b1wKG7E/bwHC0ULinbUOemfE5z83B3piCPiTZs2yXQF5uFnMekkQBMQ+YN5v/nmm1y0WFSg2qL4gCN3tpkODa1bt5b3kZ6enqfNxdFEZcGg4RM03fB7oPxs36+/oqePXtKQh04cCC
176、uXLmi59JAWz/3gqcWMHToUHz/ffyWLlypUxXjHK/sXHjRtmuLl26yDkI3tvUqVPlJwkdMV5RYkYL9xeOaJjCj6Yb0tHEiRPRq1cvfPfdd+jatStOnDgh8yga4suB/MG8VIoUjzjbkOteQ718Dh8+LO/hhx9+kCN3dW9BQUHSk8cMlrH4pHgil8A3nl+9ehUtW7ZEtWrVpKmHPrmcvHUEEjC/8l61alX0798fBw8eRFKS/p3Wewx1D9S06DVBm6pqGwW9gjOiVVqYBQuO6MOo2ZLGunfvLmmLph7a+JVroxkU
177、nuQl5qVwpbNAdHS07RqOrnUvQK+iKVOmyHaxfZynM8J4v8Y2Whp+8YRN4JsJjg+UBMkh3YEDB6Qtj3ZvBWP+tLQ0mY/2TApYfundOPn7ewUor+GsfWYY8xIRERFwd3eXoxS+vNg+7jFjwcKdRExMjKSty5cvo3HjxlJLNkLRJBUg5rt+/bpcwPX8889jw4YNMo0oiEeMtG2mdVegyhgFNbX3tm3b4quvvpI8QlMtR/kWSi5sXjrGkOC5IkL64fNTXzSJcCKqW7duuTwVjOW40Ik+7mqoyxdAZGSknnp7MLdH
178、QbXLrGWQWPkFKjIdr88XVH4fJrFgoTAwCmme05zJuS2ad8gnRtONol/SLLVq0mmfPn1kvh49euD48eMyXYH1GWneDJXG0HiuYI4zpnFugTzCg+11tK7AQsmEzQ9fwfywlVBlSAKuVKkS3n77bWm64bCUB7VpI6jJcMLnnXfekdv10qWT33yl3d+RqccZgRVE9ERKSoq0ndImzxWQTZo0kRPOn376KY4dO2YRr4W7BtKWoi8V0kefPEIa5PwX3X7JI2ZzKEfFHH2Sl2hypOcPaXjfvn02zx8zjNcjzL/NMKad
179、OXNGtoVH+/btbW2kBxFhrie/ei0UX+QR+M5AAqBJhK6NFPBqLxr6svNc5SH4ciDRcpjLlaw1a9aUs/4kMLWSl3kKIqqC0jkkZVs+eQT2RYSMbUV1UazB46CRcwW7iSM9JScnCxHtKRBeoWRP3gYTT1KiaJ5h3TKj2x8+eWXkoa5+JGKi3H0kB94bWd5yR9M5/Uo5Fk/TUl0weYLiI4YnIew8OCgQIGviEkRqQJdOMeOHSvNNz/LMcGpo1fYI2To4MmJf71/Tt21eahGjqIVMoZvk9Qpi+wtSS6CXElbMzZ86
180、UTMS6Cqr391zPggVHULREXjEKX67xoDJE2udkKEfFp06dkmnGfCzPDcroGccFgfSUIY/89NNPuUw9Rpp2lX7pQMF6uFcWNxJkW8xbpCgY63S1fgvFCy5r+IQzIuCmUrVq1ZI+vHTxoomFQ1bmVy8KnnNS6IsvvsCbb74ptXLaMhVU3QURGn3nOU/AoS9t9DQZ3e6iloKuYcHCnYBRSeIOmzTdcMKWPEIadjRBSq2cNv3y5cu7ZHJxpN1zdE2FjM4WHGVUrFjR4TeXHcHijZKNfAW+Kw+fBEfCpY2eQv+FF16
181、Q7l3KJ9kMCn2aeqjd06fZEYzXVUyjwhkzZsgFL9zojYunOHx2pR5C/baI2sKdQkG0xHTFI9Ssud/Oiy+iH/9619yjYgjcOEWTS48aCJyBcZ2cB6BfEg+oRcOeY1zZ47ov6D2WyhZyFfgU8iSWF0hCppuaBvkEJaaN003HMLS1EKCI26HuIx5+TKhcOfQVJmPaBKiSUfBkaZjBOtThwULdwKKP1wB6Y756cBA/iCf0MxDuqYJx5mCVBAUPXPEQK8f8gjrI4/QPLRixQrZxvzaqeowhq7el4Xihdsy6TiCmVgI
182、Tga1aNFC+uPTF56bLymhb4axnBmcUKLZhwzCut566y2MHz9eT7VgoejDEX8QHJVyIpc0TU8dLtq6ePGinqohP95QoGBmOS6eYl08KPgtWHCEQgt8R6B3DIU+Vx1y4yV66XBy1wxHBK1MNwQXg9SvX19qQRwO05uBi8EsWCgOyE9gM40OBtx+gUoNFSTa7o0wl1dat1n77tixozzIb+QTznO58rKw8ODhjmn4zkABTe2FphgONWnm4a6DRpCAVT10/eQWCMokRA8cs63TImYLJQmcqOXWJTTxkEcGDBggvzJF
183、KFo3KkKM41715Cnm5YJI81epLFhwhEIJfEVgrhAavRPeeOMNedDOSE8FLsTipCvL012NC6Xog/zZZ5/JoWm9evVsbmzMow4LFooDjLRqplv12xjP1euvvfYaXn/9dfnNCeXxRicHgqMBumly25IOHTrIvPR445bfhNL8LR6x4Ax3xaRDmImOmj5X+3H4ygmlV199Ff/+97+l7zHNP9yb/pVXXkH16tXlRBNdLWmbVAtDHDGIBQtFHbdDrxzdUsHhwW/M/uc/5ELsbjWhF423KrkH/4h+QbKlCnT5+WB8uZzT
184、wWLDjCXRP4+YFeNxyKcjGIOjgs5ZCWXj203ZthCXoLJRFmRYYhD452yQ/kDW6trPiDIc2cFPRGWALfQsEA/j+6AWJOjE+zOAAAAABJRU5ErkJgguiPgeS8mOe9kQ=；（4）乙醇的催化氧化2CH3CH2OH+O2_Cu或Ag2CH3CHO+2H2O【考点】化学方程式的书写【分析】（1）苯酚溶液和浓溴水的反应生成2，4，6三溴苯酚和溴化氢；（2）1溴丙烷和NaOH醇溶液共热，发生消去反应生成丙烯、NaBr；（3）苯和溴单质发生取代反应生成溴苯和HBr；（4）乙醇被氧气催化氧化生成乙醛和水【解答】解：（1）苯酚溶液
185、和浓溴水的反应生成2，4，6三溴苯酚和溴化氢，化学方程式：，故答案为：；（2）1溴丙烷和NaOH醇溶液共热，发生消去反应生成丙烯、NaBr，该反应为BrCH2CH2CH3+NaOHCH3CH=CH2+NaBr+H2O，故答案为：BrCH2CH2CH3+NaOHCH3CH=CH2+NaBr+H2O；（3）苯和溴单质在铁作催化剂的条件下，发生取代反应生成溴苯和HBr，该反应为，故答案为：；（4）乙醇在铜或银的作用下，发生催化氧化生成乙醛和水，该反应为2CH3CH2OH+O22CH3CHO+2H2O，故答案为：2CH3CH2OH+O22CH3CHO+2H2O25实验室可用NaBr、浓H2SO4、乙醇
186、为原料制备少量溴乙烷：C2H5OH+HBrC2H5Br+H2O已知反应物的用量为：0.30mol NaBr（s）；0.25mol C2H5OH（密度为0.80gcm3）；36mL浓H2SO4（质量分数为98%，密度为1.84gmL1）；25mL水试回答下列问题（1）该实验应选择图中的a装置还是b装置？a（2）反应装置中的烧瓶应选择下列哪种规格最合适CA.50mL B.100mL C.150mL D.250mL（3）冷凝管中的冷凝水的流向应是BAA进B出 BB进A出 C从A进或B进均可（4）可能发生的副反应为：2C2H5OH_140浓硫酸C2H5OC2H5+H2O、2HBr+H2SO4（浓）fr
187、acunderline;加热;Br2+SO2+2H2O、C2H5OH+2H2SO4（浓）stackrel2C+2SO2+5H2O（至少写出3个方程式）（5）实验完成后，须将烧瓶内的有机物蒸出，结果得到棕黄色的粗溴乙烷，欲得纯净溴乙烷，应采用的措施是将粗溴乙烷和稀NaOH（aq）的混合物放在分液漏斗中用力振荡，并不断放气，至油层无色，分液可得纯溴乙烷【考点】溴乙烷的制取【分析】（1）根据a、b装置的不同点进行解答；（2）根据相关数据计算，加热时烧瓶内液体的体积应小于烧瓶容积；（3）从冷凝的原理出发解答；（4）从C2H5OH脱水、炭化等角度考虑；（5）棕黄色的粗溴乙烷，是由于溶解了Br2的缘故，应
188、考虑除溴；【解答】解：（1）由题给信息，知该反应为：C2H5OH+HBrC2H5Br+H2O，反应需要加热，所以应采用装置a，故答案为：a；（2）烧瓶的规格与所盛液体的体积有关，加热时烧瓶内液体的体积应小于烧瓶的容积的，V（C2H5OH）=14cm3=14mL，忽略混合时体积变化，混合后液体的总体积约为36mL+25mL+14mL=75mL，所以150mL的烧瓶最合适，故答案为：C； （3）冷凝时，水需充满冷凝器，为了防止冷凝器冷凝时，受热不均匀破裂，冷凝水应下进上出故答案为：B；（4）可能发生的副反应有：C2H5OH脱水生成乙烯和乙醚；浓H2SO4氧化HBr；C2H5OH脱水炭化等反应故答案
189、为：C2H5OHC2H4+H2O 2C2H5OH C2H5OC2H5+H2O2HBr+H2SO4（浓）Br2+SO2+2H2O C2H5OH+2H2SO4（浓）2C+2SO2+5H2OC+2H2SO4（浓）CO2+2SO2+2H2O（任意选取3个反应即可）（5）棕黄色的粗溴乙烷，是由于溴乙烷溶解了Br2的缘故，可用质量分数小于5%的稀NaOH溶液洗涤除去，采用稀NaOH溶液，是为了防止C2H5Br的水解故答案为：将粗溴乙烷和稀NaOH（aq）的混合物放在分液漏斗中用力振荡，并不断放气，至油层无色，分液可得纯溴乙烷26有机化学反应因反应条件不同，可生成不同的有机产品例如：HX+（X为溴原子）工业
190、上利用上述信息，按下列路线合成结构简式为的物质，该物质是一种香料请根据上述路线，回答下列问题：（1）A的结构简式可能为png_iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAIcAAAB1CAYAAABkvfIYAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsMAAA7DAcdvqGQAAAuQSURBVHhe7Z0/aBRNH8cvb2MjWCjEoOkFG0FBC8Hw5PLGwsLC0kJRick9haCChaiFhXmTe7EQFGwULCx8TOwELRQMKIoW5rQVLfyXQrRR0Myz39n53c3uzd7t3
191、u782bv5wJHdub3N7sx3f9+Z2ZndCisxq6urYqlczExUWKXS/vn/YkNsEcXWeZZaHGUF4phbeC3WQpYX57lAFpa7C8GUWJwRR1mjQC9AHPOLy2ItZJU1WDUQx91GmA+1aoXV63URVcbZmyB/+DcGs8lHDguoxIHIUa3N84sEH249E9PiWzt4cVjg+MQQqwxF6xv8MzHVjKAQx8z8Al+2hfPiePz4MXvy5IlYKydxy1RFDtZY4AKpL4TpbeKQd4FlA/bitDguXLjANm/ezDZu3MguXbokUkuMKFAUfP1ee8tkf
192、qbKrQWoI8cf8RfIy3pwUhxfv35le/bsYXv37uXLnz59Yrt3726ul5145KDIAnGQINTiMItz4nj06BEbGRlRRoqzZ8/ySFJOm2ld6XFxcISt3H0dbufFEeP8+fNdC/hw4elspl4fQOgmUqV0CFeMf0PX5YFM/DioIyTbeTLly88rRNls5mIPNq1oibYTqEro1gRh3w1wUaGh4fZ7OysSElPWWwG5yuXc3uZqyqX+iuc3bAaOdLYSDdgM0l1FGfoMQKoLMkkVsQBKxgbG2OTk5OF2ILLNtOpgNu+C1bjUcYm2s
193、URzwDYSNYKJe2jU0YD2Mzo6GhJWjN/uAiSzqjbuZrAaOTIaiO9ZJDLrZnwfEJRIC/wcRkj4pBbIxT2dV4Zss3EWz8uXJHAiyOgFxspCpdbMwMtDlyhOHndhdMtEsRtxkeO9GgRh8pGTEGFL4vAxdbMQIrDpo10wyWbGThx4GTlpmRSCLcZ2rO0ZnQe58CII4uN2BQG0clmTB3fQIjDZRshkgrcps30vThwcq42FdPy4MEDK+LuW3F0shEXbCMLON4km9F5LqUSR9qMyGIjZRNKks3oOI+ixw4mbLbSDfStGa
194、KEMu5c+f6QxyyjaysrIjU/kVlM0VHj76IHGVojRSJLAKX782YoKM4aN7I0tKSSBk8XB4CoBulOGQbSTPgt59Q2YeL92ZM0CaOQbORLPRmM+qBwph6QNMT8KnVF8U3BAYFhTPvI49lWL4X+R0+NNeFs6r4jWChPtOcnN12EWDeDE3cDr7C9xFxoIK0adOmgfXYNKS1mcQKbOMfXqDT9dacFBIBn2UfJnDmpsfZ/EKDVsPCjRU8Pdfjf2LOS7ivoQRxHI/O3Jc3CZax/3CuTCg2Lg5Yh61b7ERiZjpI3GZUx46
195、0VnqQ2WKx9t+EyUpvFqMFL13JPEXMiKPv5f8ZiQhytGltwlmY/zsqjhj47cRQhS2KSFR58eJF80pwpYCQ+TiegwcPsh07dvBM2bVrFzt8+DBPd8X3yWaOHj3abJrSB5V5eZ0jogYKLhxJSrRbjzxvFtydq7FK9bhYk4n+lsRxTxk5AhFVa3w5qaTp/+L7Cg78zJkz4TcBNgXy7ds3nuEQa61WY7du3WLPnz/n3z19+pTduHGDTU1N8e8vXrzIfvz4YV3QJ0+e5FFXFkL8gw4vEFrAeFB80jEnHD6mTNKjobC
196、JPAOfaPtpkEDioCmW+AzJ6x0iB5CjEBcHPra5f/8+27BhAy98RI5OfPjwgUcViMR2/ShL/inF0aQVASi80yOgoH+IY3xmrqUIaRdy0ip727IVkUbIBY/9kXDkCCUfoxPigDBQ0BQlACJCt6gAYZgQCB2H6nhS5x9+KtlKG3+ktFj9AoQFOyXWVARGhTwLxDER/DbSghGQOLgAJshewkjT3J7/b0fEQcJ49eqVSOmOXEiyQLqJSQdZ8w9N2Om5u2KtBRUSZtpj+a8gckREJAsmdpry1U77UQlQjhwhEMQbNi5
197、FM2cix/LycmZhqCCBvHv3TqSYI23+NYUrClkO5avsdVhPqE6LIgpFxOscSAg+D0vXBR843e4UUDjXvjEQdof7StRHKJCCmh/M/V/mv9XFpA1cfz+/Ztt27aN3b59W6Tk49q1a7x5KWMikqTJv/hxUL0ABUMf3kKQtou3Vojwyg5+g+d68Gd7RIVA9ZUwLWotbZFD/Ez+X83l4Dtr4kCr5MCBA2KtGKrVKpufj9bodaMt/yTvT4Nyq3Q/5YILK7uNiMVYEcfLly95/0BSf0WvVzxaMbCXt2/fihT9ZMm/1lm1
198、VxZVabiK64tvUuVHZBu+qPofIRCD3CxGREFdB3/laGVFHPv372c3b94Ua8Vy+fJldujQIbGmn2LzL1qgrcqlSGiiKPgU11PctmRL45Eq1slmXBxUCf3586dICek1WhD0e3SkrV+/3ljlNE3+dTwz8WVzG+XG6igQzbOESKHYX9q8Ni4OXNW67/iix/fEiRNiTS/Z8i8swGjRtBeqsvDSlWcq0u7KqDhwNaMXFFe3Tj5+/MjWrVvXtae1CHrKP6l00lzFrS0SokNiejLy/006AmPiwMEgYuCeiU7opNG9fvXq
199、Vb6sE1P5ZwOjkQN3VtEjagL0n+CWeporMw9eHAWAEI9Qj86vIkkqfNyxXbt2Lfv+/btI0YMXRwFcv369rdOr6Ks6vj90it25c0es6cGLowDQt4HxGCYx0efhxZETXNHoETV9Yww39LZu3SrW9ODFkRN0k8P/daKyKHS0rVmzhv369atwCyO8OHKC6Q47d+4Ua2bZsmVL7iEBnfDiyMmVK1fYkSNHxJpZUAnGWFRdeHHk5NixY1wgQFd4TwIDkU+dOiXWiseLIydoUmIykA3QlC163IiMF0dOtm/fzqcW2AA9
200、shCnLrw4coJKockBODIQJbrtdeHFkRP0cWCUlg0wfkTu6yi6zuPFkRP0ceBehw3ev3/PxakLL46cYCiaLTB2BDf8dOHFkRMvjnLibSUnXhw58RXScmJEHL4pW06MiMN3gpUTI+Lw3eflxIg4/I23cmJEHP6WfTkxIg4M9ok/HsEUaKn4wT69oV0csJGkYYJFWoxqXzRMMD4vt0i8OArADzAuH8bE4eLUhCIilxdHAagmNRVNvLD9pKZ8GBOHremQdE+nyPqNjBdHQcgTqXUVFkETqXXjxVEQ/hEM5cKoOPzD
201、W8pFxfRbCgf7sU/lwmjkAGV9YFzS8ZXhFaC9UqH3ghC6K4rAP2qyHLSJwwT99JDapMhh4iLTDbcV+WU8puiXx1ufPn26fyMHRmgNDw9HMtWE6vvhwfj03l35PTGgH6IG4HMG0ORDxu7bt097M1OmrK/UgB12e+9uX9iK+MtBqB8dHeXjPU2dXNlexoOxKSMjI9qb4y7QFAdlLL03tV6v83UTkEBcfY0XgboFbMTU/7ONciqaDZuBQFx7ASCJM42N9CNKcVCm0HtTTU0rgBBdeHWovE/YCCrss7OzImVwUIpD
202、hmxmbm5OpLTQUTAAkQOebvulw4NmI3G6igOYsBldQusFiG9sbIxNTk4aE6KLpBIHQTbz7NkzkVJ+4qKEjSBSDkJrpBuZxAE62UzZyWojLkU7HWQWB7DVaaYLuTVCNtLvBZ+GnsQBkHnx1kzaDHUp472NJNOzOAiyGbo3UxaB4P8PemukG7nFgUwum82obMTTTmZxdLriTXea9YK3kfTkjhxx4jajwpalwEZwY5FsJOk4bB2fa6QWBzIsbaa5ZjNZbMQLo0XhkQNQBsNmaAiALbyN9I4WccjYGAJA+NZIPrSL
203、A6S1maJCeicb8baRHiPiILq1ZjoVXNpCzWIjXiidMSIOuRDStGZ6xdtIsRiNHMTnz58LtRnZRlZWVkSqJy9WxEEU0WnmWyP6sCoOkMdmaN7I0tKSSPEUiTFxdLKIrJ1mso0M0oBf01iPHDJyp1mSmLyNmMMZcZAYOnWaya2RtJVVT+84FTmIuM106tTy6MNJcRDUmvE2YgenxQFQx/CtEX0k2zNj/wLrAYsGf3rSiQAAAABJRU5ErkJgguiPgeS8mOe9kQ=png_iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAJ8AAABwC
204、AYAAAAACaK3AAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsMAAA7DAcdvqGQAAAzrSURBVHhe7Z0/aBTBHscTW0UbQQs7BUUbwUYwKO8lZxQELQQbCwstvPOBhYWgxhRC4svdw1KwUDsLn0keFoIRLBQFBYtcYmOhaGE0oGJj4WXf/mbndzs7O7s7ezd/dvfmA5vLzv6f+e7vO7M7uzvkFZi1tTXv+fPn3osXL2hKAKQ7yk/hxAfCQnFNTEx427Zt87Zu3epNT0+TNEd1MC4+maj1/
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219、AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC6I+B5LyY572R（2）反应的反应类型加成反应（3）工业生产中，中间产物A须经反应得D，而不采取直接转化为D的方法，其原因是直接转化会降低目标产物的产率（4）这种香料具有多种同分异构体，其中某些物质有下列特征：属于酚类 分子中有苯环，且苯环上的一溴代物有两种写出符合上述条件的物质可能的结构简式（只写1种）：png_iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAALAAAAAvCAYAAABDh0DIAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsMAAA7DAcdvqGQAAApbSURBVHh
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226、+C97V6f25BpCfCIJabfHtVEKQqajTBsd2s9kMpN2OFRhxH6ZG4Gal+Kyii1JUcnX6tdnsgVi+1z0ExDcjtHaO7X8KiZQES2HMShgykYvx9jybp/4FohVtYWRF8YxdghNhFIFDYUPmWafB4StBWIxSJLAIN+q5IaAxVJRl6STPcuyvKUhnMBJTkb/I4rdcEGom/4sM7u8U+L1hvIjsuDhgBkihHNrqW7VDcRwqMtMK/BfZe/safjYyjCWTb4sZVN9TUyX+9cp/rRAVRluEMXOdMWi/cTTO2h/RECYfAPeTDR2
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238、BIhrzpHOQPNA+gfxfhRfupcQIBKDV4QA7tNWEWvWrMnX1VVH+7FHlXF7b+cxLuENwfO9Y3wbcN3qccOI7tlxXjQM9/om72qM/MUNYiIEiOdx20VMnjw57dy5s3L29VvV27NnT+XKt/iOnGISN4j3PEws4qN9LJD7eHjRmkJhFW1QAG7DhxVdVRCea4lwQT3kj9/dC55V7/2VCCEWBAmib/HuFIUSKK75Bsd2Ndk44rsdK/pS/5iWim/8kQIbePeqw1Ddj6yeWd0XCI9whEFhNEoYDMJE32vPppefgTioqzCg
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240、ECeKY3R8tYX/DhCVymjPs7RJeWq5dBmgFuIvMRoyRRz+JzCowhX9o/MZuWuMlTpSXX2JYPrXOCAa6Gf3IV0R3sWsivfSBmLwWvrO+2o/ZmAoFeIH9KdQqgjP85zIGdR3ThmLxvQzhFv3jbL+AOIOHz48v+HD19jzhs3buS6+/fvT8+ePcvXAu5vISdLJ8vhBsSNMSDOlVBT5ItrXp6lOUak9ljN0amUWpaJGNyb+KqWkBCImSQqvILpsmLM9ieQaQtVEMWAIysiGIjwTEIaxKRYiOo9hD7q/ygGV4cqtmbA4
241、ek8MxJYRs/oXDPuoM99q7r6O64RBmMcbv1XYGARGioMKzg0YcLE9M8/iys1/1XO48ePZ08Z+E45NcqSZHdeUiexatJsmsh50a0g6uLFi3MCpcO5v7ZmdG2BjmRlOoii68xaqidjQEheQb9EHNwe0B7DM4j+msbRt5SL60MGhs4o9KkYjgBUx3BtAeJK5LShTc8MMaG0ASoXhCJQEthipl+d3PwMnokTQgpxNq/AEKItHkCdOO/Vq1d6+PBhvhcxvyNnowEpqLfwguJwF6HcHQ3ujKKJ43Qky4+Yq6PBCMS2B
242、EKSQ7GIgFyACv4JGDUiIj6Cxn+fFsMv5EMiqims0NcIiqhKxN2/A+NGXMBf85tv3/4nn8Pr16/zypC/1UDQhiUnsGadaYAMFBfzu5PQfwKKhSCe5Thc7v8LglBA4WqBW7duVY6+ouHJyeJZrLlFGS8FET50pHsX54Wb5X4pjmeX6FjwCuHSFWhocoIES7wi9uVaJQfcTUdBfM2FSjAkiPXYR1riKxqenNyKIF4cJAY0TdLWdd7fhcxVLMYgZOa1CiNKtI6GJyeYI5P5if8QSAZoLrQ9Ia41OyDOlTUzgOpJ7
243、xK1RVOQE8R/lEz2Tj0p6a9WPNoK6syVmx2QDFBN2WutkoESraNpyMm9IqcpFkuClPRvJ8UD3LiJb8os2ZIQ1WrqqMSP0TTkBOrJpUuIzAcia3tk0lw4QjIAk8fcuwWIEvVFU5FTEiRhsXrD/Vr5MNX0N1NLMdmP+HZgmToqidkYaCpygp3b1p2tblC69nC/SI/gVoXaO9Eq8edoOnIikmTIkqLkyDwkwlK+2D4my5bhW1WKDcBKbHETs8rO/SapcmzdGjnLqaPGQdORMzJrGwbscTRBT0ljZSE2E8Rx7PBRb
244、HiwSdZasePYmuY37dR651OJn6PpyFmNUECKaEuZv6GQsXHDcRTnVJRiUlAlfitVs5GQ0n8BZDDYXIq5h8QAAAAASUVORK5CYILoj4HkvJjnvZE=、png_iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAIsAAAAxCAYAAADqSFrsAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsMAAA7DAcdvqGQAAAsHSURBVHhe7dx7iFZFHwdw3d5tWcLCG4JRSAYRFYigomiIIqYQRQhlqSBCCiKIlgiipCCV
245、iEh0gQgCy4LoDykiKNIIJChF8Q8JlUx9Fbyg0qtkUM67n9nz2x53V13d3eeS5wvDc2bOOXPOmfn+rjO7A1KJEj1ESZYSPUbDkuXYsWPpu+Sx9+GEun332WS5fffVV+vzzz9P333+fvv7667R9+/Zc37FjR2775ptv8n0/vhjvtbxF198kY/1WeL6aEiy7N69O02aNCk9+uij6amnnkrTp09PY8eOzWXMmDFp5MiRuYwaNSoNHTo0X/f444+nyZMnpyeffDKNGzcuPfTQQ/nc4MGD8/Fdd92V+/z777+Lp5To
246、jIYjy6VLlzIhZsyY0aEJTPAff/zRUU6fPp3Onz+ffv/993Tu3Ll06tSpfBzt+nDv4cOH06+/prLp59+mp544omspUp0j4YjC1OCLLRLJf7888/iqB3qSneaQlt37Rs3bkwTJkwoaiU6o+HIsnnz5rRgwYKiltKiRYuyiWGCaBsmialRnnnmmTR16tRcZs+e3WGmFFpEu+sPHjyY+9q/f382XRs2bMj1EteiocjCCUWOvXv3Fi0pnThxosOU/PDDD1nz/Pzzz7nunDb3uUdxbtu2bem9997L55iiSrz+uvp4Y
247、cfzs5xiWvRMGQRtTzyyCP97lPwZ2ichQsXFi0lAg1Dlk2bNqU1a9YUtf4F7cRMVWqwEg1ClgMHDuTwt1qmgWMszH711VeLlhLQEGRZsWJFdkqZiGqBP0O7iJBKtKPuySIyGT58eM6yVhuyv5J2ncP0OxV1TRbRDI1i0moBz5cJXr16ddFyZ6OuySIikc6Xla0VhNlyNrK/dzo6yCL9vWTJkizJklmkyaJbTNjTTz+dPvjgg+LqlNauXZvXVDiCzvl97bXXirO9hxQ9p1bIXEvwk+bMmdOnkZhoa+vWrXk833
248、rrreyTcablhuoZ15CFQzdgwIBcZDwlrDh4zc3NmRhhuyWutCmIhUxxX18R5uWXX84SjTS1RghGX2g44zNo0KDcn6UFwmkR09j55tuFJCMBnzt3blq+fHmeN/P0yy+/5PNIKaG5dOnSfF5aQMba+yAq3/BmY32NGcJsiS8vTv0Cu33/ffndsdeoKWlJV/jQw2gUJPkafPhciK9gcU+fcu81gOYIELR28goBE8xaUBzcqKN3fPPP5/bbgXGyvKH+6OYA3N033335e0Z1sEsa1Reg1jeobW1NV/LOtzM1HbxWbB
249、PZ5br7QHBPPV77rknr+BqjwdaqQ0INeOje7MYR8M999xzWfV7Xr2AING8t0tgE8ZUx9iFxAMNzhTFGlUAEVxH4mOlXM7Ju4SWI5jRp/dzvcjxwQcfzFswwnUg6KEICKL3QY4RI0bkNqbxZuhCFj5KU1NT7gDr4kVIgweSsGirDCklzKLdoDgnNU9ybEp6/338yKgNh+AaAZecewaqtSiIJYbjM7rNrWC7Q1AEi0F+KZYa/KdNlKZRGpdmwmLNnUkMDE0tPFhhnrinyxbtixfjwTMlvtjDw5h8l7qMe5hDUD/
250、3iHeHZga10lFIB4Bj7p3vRm6kIXN0wF/gWSzdV7SywH1FS9XycbQQIo+2Hlq0IuExlGCgFRlmDfXIWOcdy94Vq33l5js8CU4/L7Fu5NIDriizTc4tmptIdJ3O1aMpfERhsc39kRDIRgCEEQFSZUgKOGNsdWnRdIbgTC6VkHYSqXQWat1hy5kCc0R6ouUGIiwp8FOpZIsvPtoZ8rAx9AOWIzp+nIcqtVgICQV69fEuJcZI6XyKwbe9bUCPyMEBWkcV06YCVJiBdu7+o7QMGE2kMPEmpjOE+u6Si0dMD7G2L2e
251、ZcyMqWfF5q7QVuboZuPkveNaxCGIYYY6P7/lP+1EGjCgKTW3tOa2a8iiA4wjFcF8nfhIE+jl1J3XkYGLl+ZnsJMGojfaAHFIof48S58ks5qp/gBpY9/5ACY3/LjbAbPKvBofEk3otBEe2odWMpaV8CxRqee6xn4dWtvYeB/3RwTLHFX6eMaLaa8Eonl+JSuV+ePVpK3tTmIUpSm5tzeQRaSYHNQqDV+RwxQ3BTaBhmizcMw1bGJ7Ytsq0GgyXj5Joofw35XExxAeSeOJ60pPVDpE9wORI1Mq4k1Qchj4pDnR
252、pGQd6E1uhOY0PT6jICDkCG5NvMKxtS3uNZ4RhtBNIeVZqil7X1a2rRJa1uU1JTnuSm3d5AFqzGRd61TfgPWv/POOzksVmezA4gzb9687BAbAOq6Jx51T+HDSZUPovF8fDW1C3IiCK1pXMKP6gvojyDQEn6FtcaW5N8qEInjzY8irPoM4aWJAnIr2hQKQcBRGUkRjO7Q0tR2vqklH3fxWeoFJol2Yw5JpMRRaLb+BvVM4vkJ/APatbNNrycQIsTg3yFM/PVCpTuADEwdrcKNMJYIgzhK+GWVoFma27RMtz5Lv
253、YE0+HgqUjRAZSJOf4PZ4cx6luPbSZZVA91NcE9AWwdopuuB79LU3E4UqGuykBgDIrchomD2mLv+NEcijjALzAWJ7UlO5Fawa9euNHHixHTy5Mmipf6Q/ZXC/DhuaSNNXZMFOMwcNb4TUyAvQ332F/hn0gccSg5/f+yjETjwM/7666+ipf6QfZXCn4nwue7JQk1y2thZPoSwsSfrGLcDkQNbj6CxNaE/zB4/6MUXX0xXr14tWuoL1xKlnSyio7onC0gmST7xH0yoTKhcTF+CXyT64ieJShCyMvrrS3z77bdp/
254、Pjx6cKFC0VLY6AhyAL8B5IuOqJdaJqbZSx7CtqL6RF9cf5oFdHDjZy/3oAZevbZZ9t8lv8WLY2BhiELc4AsckBS6DRNb5NkAWZH5prm4jxzcPszVP7yyy/TrFmzilrjoGHIArQLE8TBlSRDnr6IVJgcBEFICUbmSEKyv1CSpQrg1HJAZVeZCxGF0Lo3oXQk/xDRCrtQuT+JAnywRvyLx4YiC9j5ZaVUdpIm6AtzgYQIJ2vb147zvwkNRxYTy7mVgufsyoMgEM0Qy/miGNIr6xsbkpTYUsDnEf04x0l2bLsos
255、vRHqNwdzp49m86cOVPUUg6jL168mJ1q3ygHo+348eP5vCWIK1eu5ONaoeHIEpGL+N+GKQk7msbKbWzmUeKY4+q8YoHNflNrIY6RLs7rp1or2+vWrcsmVJi+fv36ju0Bb7zxRpo/f34Oq4XvyCIqW7VqVVq8eHH67bff8nW1QsORpTNCQxhwm4/8hgaJhUDHUdRpGRqFhlHiXDW0ygsvvJBJynz+9NNPaciQIdlRB1rS1gWZ48uXL+e2Tz75JJP+lVdeyfVaouHJ0khAUhP/0Uf/bHRH0ti2yeRYGZ45c2bHY
256、h9BcM+7776b67VESZYqwuKhie+MWCPis7jmzTffzHWgAd2zZcuWoqV2KMlSRUyZMiUNHDiwqHXFoUOH0mOPPZbJwTzxo4YNG5brFlJrjZIsVcS0adO61SyBI0eO5A1M8+bNL1pSdmorNUs48kq1UZKliti8eUu3ZBEdAQd99OjROYN85Uq7z7Jnz558z9tvv91l/0u1CVOSpcow8ZX/UUroHAS6cOFiGjdufHrppXm5DqFZPv744+zsBkrNcgdAwtDkW7Z44IEH8vHdd9+dz61cuTLXFSG+nFLU77333nT06
257、NF83b/aDMmwyqiW+Af+emHnzp1FLXA151cuXfpfUW+PkGRu/XZGaYZKXBf79u0rjtpRkqXEdeEPysIEVd8MpfR/b6LEEX7iOMAAAAAASUVORK5CYILoj4HkvJjnvZE=任意1种【考点】有机物的推断；有机物的合成【分析】在光照条件下可与溴发生取代反应生成，B能发生加成反应，则A应发生消去反应，B为，根据产物可知D为，则C为，以此解答该题【解答】解：在光照条件下可与溴发生取代反应生成，B能发生加成反应，则A应发生消去反应，B为，根据产物可知D为，则C为，（1）由以上分析可知A为，故答案为： ；（2）反应是苯环以丙烯的加成反应生成异丙基苯，故答案为：加成反应；（3）因为A有两种物质，分别为，D为，由A直接转化为D，目标产物产率低，故答案为：直接转化会降低目标产物的产率；（4）该物质的水溶液遇FeCl3溶液呈紫色，说明含有酚羟基， 分子中有苯环，且苯环上的一溴代物有两种，则苯环上有2个取代基，且位于对位位置，可能为，故答案为：、任意1种2016年7月17日