1、必修 Unit 4 单元主题语篇训练.阅读理解AIt is widely believed that smiling means a person is happy，and it usually occurs when theyre meeting another person or a group of people.However，a new study led by the body language expert Dr Harry Witchel shows this isnt always the case.In his research，he asked 44 participan
2、ts aged 1835 to play a geography quiz game consisting of nine difficult questions so that they often got the answer wrong.Participants seated interacted with a computer alone in a room while their faces were video recorded.After the quiz，the participants were asked to rate their experience using a r
3、ange of 12 emotions including“bored”，“interested”and“frustrated”Meanwhile，their facial expressions were then computer analysed frame by frame in order to judge how much they were smiling based on a scale of between 0 to 1.Dr Witchel said：“According to some researchers，a real smile reflects the inner
4、 state of cheerfulness or amusement. However, behavioural ecology theory suggests that all smiles are tools used in social interactions, meaning cheerfulness is neither necessary nor rich for smiling. Our study showed that in these humancomputer interaction experiments, smiling isnt driven by happin
5、ess; it is associated with subjective involvement (主观参与), which acts like a social fuel for smiling, even when socialising with a computer on your own.”Surprisingly, participants didnt tend to smile during the period when they were trying to figure out the answers.However，they did smile right after
6、the computer game informed them if their answer was correct or wrong.Participants smiled more often when they got the answer wrong.Dr Witchel added：“During these computerised quizzes，smiling was greatly increased just after answering questions incorrectly.This behaviour could be explained by selfrat
7、ings of involvement，rather than by ratings of happiness or frustration.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。人们普遍认为微笑意味着一个人是快乐的，但是研究表明，微笑仅是社交的需要，并不表明这个人一定是快乐的。1Why did Dr Witchel use difficult questions in the quiz game?ATo make it hard for participants to answer them correctly.BTo make the answer period last as long as p
8、ossible.CTo discover the most intelligent participants.DTo create a stressful situation for participants deliberately.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，设计难题的目的是让参与者难以答对题目，故A项正确。2What can we infer from what Dr Witchel said in Paragraph 4?AOther researchers opinion of a real smile is quite right.BSmiles arent nec
9、essarily useful tools in social interactions.CSubjective involvement doesnt motivate smiling in social interactions.DWitchels study finding is consistent with behavioural ecology theory.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第四段尾句可知，试验结果表明，微笑不是由快乐驱动的，它与主观参与有关；结合第四段第二句可知，行为生态学理论认为，所有的微笑都是社会交往中使用的工具，这意味着快乐对微笑来说既不是必要的，也不是丰富的。据此
10、可以推断，研究的结果与行为生态学理论一致，故D项正确。3What do we know about the text?AParticipants were asked to interact with each other in the quiz.BParticipants in the quiz smiled less often when they got the answer wrong.CIn Dr Witchels opinion, smiling is connected with subjective involvement.DDr Witchel thinks that a r
11、eal smile reflects the inner state of cheerfulness.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段尾句可知，Witchel博士认为，微笑不是由快乐驱动的，它与主观参与有关。故C项正确。4What can be a suitable title for the text?AWhat Contributes to Real Happiness?BHow to Identify Whether a Person Is Really Happy?CSmiling Doesnt Necessarily Mean HappinessDPeople Generally H
12、old a Wrong View on Happiness解析：选C标题归纳题。通读全文，并结合文章第一段第二句可推知，文章陈述了这样的事实：微笑仅是社交的需要，并不表明这个人一定快乐。故C项最适合作本文的标题。BIn the United States, the baby boomer generation include those that were born in the time after World War . Those babies have retired or are now reaching the retirement age. As these adults age
13、, many of their adult children worry about how to take care of their aging parents. In the United States, it is not common for several generations to live under one roof. Once children grow up and get married, they move out, leaving their aging parents to care for themselves. When these aging parent
14、s can no longer take care of themselves because of age or illness, it is not uncommon for adult children in the US to place their elderly parents in a nursing home.A nursing home is a place that offers care for the elderly and ill. As the name suggests, nursing homes have professionals include nurse
15、s, doctors and social workers to help aging adults deal with the challenges of daily life. And their mental health could be guaranteed for elderly people get relaxed, accompanied by those of the same age. Most nursing homes also have social activities for the elderly to participate in and keep activ
16、e. These activities range from games to dance classes, and movie nights. Nursing homes are supposed to provide three nutritious meals for their residents (住户)Nursing homes are controversial, however. There have been cases across the country of staff in nursing homes treating the elderly residents ba
17、dly and even robbing them. There are different states and federal agencies that are supposed to oversee (监管) nursing homes.Some people feel that it should be the responsibility of family members, especially adult children, to care for their aging or ill parents. However, many adult children have the
18、ir own children and families to take care of, and do not have the means to care for their elderly parents; others worry about medical skills needed if their elderly parents are seriously ill. And these problems of caring for parents are bothering more and more adults in the US at present.语篇解读：本文是一篇议
19、论文。文章谈论的是美国的成年子女们目前面临的“养老问题”，介绍了“送养老院”和“在家养老”的利与弊，最后作者简要介绍了“在家养老”的实际困难，引发读者的思考。5What is the first paragraph mainly about?AWhen the baby boomer generation in the US were born.BWhether the elderly and their children should live together.CWhy Americans put their elderly parents in nursing homes.DHow Am
20、ericans look after their aging parents differently.解析：选C段落大意题。第一段说明了生育高峰期出生的一代人都渐渐变老，并且在美国，几代人同住一个屋檐下的情况很少见，因此养老问题日趋迫切，一些成年子女们将年迈的父母送到养老院。因此本段主要讲了这一行为的历史原因和文化原因。6How many advantages of nursing homes are mentioned?AThree.BFour.CFive. DSix.解析：选B细节理解题。第二段介绍了养老院的基本情况和四个优势：有专业人员负责老人们的身体健康；与同龄人轻松相处保障了老年人的
21、良好心理状况；多种多样的社交活动；营养美味的饭菜。7Whats the writers attitude toward sending parents to nursing homes?AIndifferent. BUnderstandable.CFavorable. DDisapproving.解析：选B观点态度题。第二段介绍了养老院的相关情况，说明了养老院养老的优势；第三段介绍了养老院存在的问题，这是人们反对养老院养老的原因之一；最后一段中在However一词后作者介绍成年子女也面临着实际困难，养老问题困扰着越来越多的美国成年人。所以作者对“养老院养老”是理解的。8Whats the pu
22、rpose of the text?ATo discuss how to care for aging parents.BTo ask the government to oversee nursing homes.CTo prove nursing homes do more harm than good.DTo show problems facing American adult children.解析：选D写作意图题。阅读全文可以看出，文章主要围绕美国成年子女们所面对的“养老问题”展开，这已成为美国的一大社会问题，面对这一现状，成年人大都选择将年迈的父母送去养老院，这是美国的传统观念和
23、现实情况造成的，但这种养老方式却引起了争议。另一方面，“在家养老”虽然天经地义，但也面临很多难题。tips 关注特定措辞，推断作者态度所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。解答此类题目时，要根据作者在文中的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。例如上文第7题：.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Holida
24、ys are not necessarily for fun or rest.Doing something meaningful can also gain special pleasure.When the final bell rang, the students were reminded that there was no school on Monday the Labor Day.“Enjoy your extra day off，” said the teacher to her class.An extra day of fun suited Kayla just fine.
25、She loved breaks.She wanted to go out to play_with_her_friends.When the school bus dropped Kayla off, she ran into the house happily.“How was school, Kayla？” asked her mom.“It was great, Mom.I am excited about no school on Monday.”“You just started back to school two weeks ago.Already in need of a b
26、reak, huh？” asked Kaylas mom with a laugh.Kayla slept in the next morning.Saturday was her favorite day of the week.It rained most of the day, so Kayla enjoyed playing video games inside.On Sunday, her friends came over and they played basketball for several hours.Then it was Labor Day, you know, th
27、e extra day off that Kayla was so looking forward to.But Kayla was awakened early that morning by her dad.He told Kayla that in honor of Labor Day, the family would be cleaning both inside and outside the house.Kayla couldnt believe it.This was a holiday.A day when she was supposed to be enjoying fr
28、eshly squeezed lemonade while playing in her tree_house.As Kayla wiped her eyes, she began to wonder if this was just a bad dream.“Kayla, your breakfast is ready.We have a lot of work to do today.Lets get a move on，” said Kaylas mom.As she sat down at the kitchen_table,_Kayla asked her parents, “Are
29、 you serious about working today? Isnt Labor Day a holiday？”“Yes, Kayla.It is，” replied her dad.“But your mom and I thought working_hard today would make you appreciate why Labor Day was observed in the first place.”注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2请按如下格式作答。Paragraph 1：At first, Kayla felt disappointed at her pare
30、nts plan for the holiday. Paragraph 2：But things began to change as she was doing the chores. 参考范文：Paragraph 1： At first, Kayla felt disappointed at her parents plan for the holiday.How eagerly she wanted to go out to play_with_her_friends! She was against the annoying plan from the bottom of her he
31、art, but she had no choice.First，Kayla was arranged to wash the breakfast dishes.After that, she was asked to give their puppy a bath.She knew it was a hard task, which needed a lot of tiring, careful and patient work.She has began the work with great unwillingness.Paragraph 2：But things began to ch
32、ange as she was doing the chores.Brushing the puppy, she found it was a lot of fun with so many soap bubbles.Then it was on to yard work where Kayla helped to pick up sticks.She pretended the small sticks were basketballs, and shot them into a large trash can.So the work was done with great pleasure.Kayla felt proud to see how much better the yard looked.When she finished her meaningful chores, Kayla enjoyed relaxing in her tree_house.The lemonade tasted wonderful after a hard day of work.