1、1view,sight,scene(1)view(从某角度看到的)景色，风景，自然美景。(2)sight 情景，景象，看见的事物。(3)scene 景象，风光，事故现场，场面。From the top of Mount Tai,you can get a wonderful view of sunrise.从泰山顶上你可以看到特别美丽的日出景色。Seeing the scene of children playing happily in the park,Im full of confidence of our country.看到孩子们在公园里高兴玩耍的场面，我对我们国家(的未来)充满了自
2、信心。2reputation,impression(1)reputation 表示“名誉，名声”。(2)impression 表示“印象”，常用于短语give/leave an impression on sb.“给某人留下印象”。The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients,so he has a very good reputation.(摘自2010江苏高考)这名医生在治疗心脏病方面医术高超，而且从不收病人的礼物，所以享有良好的名誉。3state,p
3、osition,condition,situation(1)state 状态，样子，情况，形势。(2)position位置，职位。(3)condition条件，境况。(4)situation形势，状况，局面。From their position on the top of the TV Tower,visitors can have a better view of the city.(摘自2009陕西高考)从他们所在的电视塔顶的位置，游客们能更好地观看这个城市的风景。School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous situ
4、ations.学生们必须接受如何应付危险情况的教育。He was in a poor state of health.他的健康状况不佳。4mark,sign,signal,symbol(1)mark 标志，标记。(2)sign 记号，标记，迹象。(3)signal 信号。(4)symbol 象征，符号。In our class,when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book,it was a signal for everyone to stand up.(摘自2009湖北高考)在课堂上，铃声响起，老师合上书就是我们起立的信号。In com
5、munication,a smile is usually a strong sign of a friendly and open attitude.(摘自2011重庆高考)在交流方面，微笑通常是友好坦诚态度的明显标志。1(2011福建高考)The lack of ecofriendly habits among the public is thought to be a major_of global climate change.Aresult BcauseCwarning Dreflection解析：考查名词辨析。句意：公众缺乏环保习惯被认为是全球气候变化的一个主要原因。cause“原
6、因，起因”；result“结果”；warning“警告”；reflection“反思，反省”。根据句意可知，正确答案为B项。答案：B2(2011浙江高考)Anyway,I cant cheat him its against all my _.Aemotions BprinciplesCregulations Dopinions解析：考查名词辨析。句意：无论如何我都不能欺骗他这违背我做人的原则。principle常用复数形式，意为“(行为的)准则、规范”。如：principles of conduct“行为的准则”。emotion“情感，情绪”；regulation“规章，规则”；opinio
7、n“意见，看法，主张”。答案：B3(2011四川高考)Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of childrens_.Atouch BsightCreach Ddistance解析：考查名词词义辨析。out of ones reach表示“在某人够不着的地方”。句意：切记将诸如小刀之类的危险物品放在孩子们够不到的地方。out of touch“失去联系”；out of sight“看不见”；out of distance“离太远，达不到”。答案：C4(2011山东高考)Theres a _in our offic
8、e that when its somebodys birthday,they bring in a cake for us all to share.Atradition BbalanceCconcern Drelationship解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们办公室有一个传统：有人过生日的时候，他们就会带来一个蛋糕与大家分享。tradition“惯例，传统”，符合句意。答案：A5(2012济南二模)China has got a good _ for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.A
9、reputation BinfluenceCimpression Dknowledge解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国在与流感作斗争中因细致与平稳的安排获得了好的名声。reputation“名誉，名声”，符合句意。influence“影响，作用”；impression“印象”；knowledge“知识”。答案：A1抽象名词具体化具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，具体指特定的某一件事时，这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。(1)difficulty 困难；a difficulty 一件难事(2)experience 经验；an experience 一次经历(3)failure 失败；a
10、failure一位失败者，一件失败的事(4)knowledge 知识；a good knowledge 丰富的知识(5)success 成功；a success一位成功者，一件成功的事(6)surprise 惊奇；a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事(7)honour 荣誉；an honour 一位(件)带来荣誉的人或事Its a good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.(摘自2010福建高考)上海世博会给人们带来了快乐，欣赏世博会是一种美好的感受。His new b
11、ook was a great success.他的新书获得巨大成功。2有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词物质名词 可数名词 物质名词 可数名词 drink 饮料 two drinks两杯饮料 sugar 糖 a sugar 一块糖 coffee 咖啡 a coffee 一杯咖啡 paper 纸 a paper 一张报纸；一篇论文 tea 茶 two teas 两杯茶 hair 头发 a hair 一根头发 Would you like some coffee?你想喝点咖啡吗？I would like a coffee and two beers.我想要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。1(2012宝鸡市质量检
12、测一)It is _ great honor for China to develop _ fastest computer in todays world.Aan;an Ban;theCa;the Da;a答案：C解析：考查冠词。句意：中国研发出如今世界上最快的电脑，这真是一件令人荣幸的事。此处honor为抽象名词具体化，要加不定冠词，又因为great是以辅音音素开头的单词，应该用a；第二空形容词最高级前要用定冠词。2(2012无锡市高三检测)The book has been considered as _ mustread for those who want to get _ succ
13、ess.Athe;a Ba;aCa;不填Dthe;不填解析：考查冠词的用法。a mustread泛指“必读物”；get success表示“取得成功”。故选C项。答案：C3(2012海南五校联考)As it turned out,_ 2010 World Expo in Shanghai was _ success.A不填；a Bthe;不填Cthe;a Da;a答案：C解析：考查冠词。第一空处特指2010年上海世博会，应用定冠词the;第二空后的success是抽象名词具体化，应用不定冠词a。故答案为C项。1不定冠词a(n)表示“某一个”，相当于some，意为“一个”。Could you t
14、ell me the way to the Johnsons,please?Sorry,we dont have a Johnson here in the village.请告诉我去约翰逊家怎么走？对不起，这个村庄里没有一个叫约翰逊的人。2不定冠词a(n)用于抽象名词前。Many people agree that a knowledge of English is a must on international trade today.许多人都持相同的看法，在当前国际贸易交往中，英语知识是必备的。3不定冠词a(n)用于有形容词修饰的一日三餐、季节、日期前。The walk is expec
15、ted to last all day,so bring a packed lunch.这段路程预计要走一整天，所以带一份盒装午饭。Its a wise choice to use a four wheel drive on a snowy day.在下雪天使用四轮车是一个明智的选择。4“a(n)序数词”不表示排序，表“又一、再一”。Can you give me a second chance,please？(another chance)再给我一次机会好吗？5不定冠词a(n)用于most形容词之前无比较含义，表示程度，意为“很，非常”。Did you have a good time ye
16、sterday,Jane?Yes,as you know,the party went on in a most pleasant atmosphere.简，你昨天玩得好吗？是的，你知道，晚会一直在很愉快的气氛中进行。1(2011新课标全国卷)It is generally accepted that _ boy must learn to stand up and fight like _man.Aa;a Ba;theCthe;the Da;不填解析：考查冠词的用法。句意：人们普遍认为男孩儿必须学会像男人那样勇敢地站起来去战斗。两个空都表示泛指，因此都填不定冠词a。答案：A2(2011全国卷
17、)As he reached _ front door,Jack saw _strange sight.Athe;不填Ba;the C不填；a Dthe;a 解析：考查冠词的用法。句意：杰克到前门时，他看到一个奇怪的景象。第一空the front door 表示“前门”，表示特指用 the;第二空表示“一种奇异的景象”，表示泛指，故用a。答案：D3(2012西城第一学期检测),which has _ food and drink programme with clear explanations,is _ very popular website.Aa;the Bthe;不填Ca;a D不填；
18、a解析：考查冠词的用法。句意：是一个很受欢迎的网站，它里面有一个配有清晰讲解的饮食节目。根据句意可知，本题中的两空处都表示泛指，因此都用不定冠词。答案：C4(2012南京二模)What disappointed _ Chinese most is that the national football team was kicked out of the Asian Cup _ second time,with four points from three matches.Athe;a B不填；aCthe;the D不填；the解析：考查冠词用法。句意：最让中国人失望的是国家足球队又一次被踢出了
19、亚洲杯，三场比赛只得了四分。the Chinese表示“中国人”；不定冠词与序数词连用表示“再一；又一”。答案：A5(2012江西抚州市适应性测试)I was invited to have _ good breakfast and _ restaurant we went to was excellent.Aa;the B不填；theCthe;a Da;不填解析：考查冠词。句意：我应邀吃了一顿丰盛的早餐，并且我们去的餐馆也很好。在三餐前一般不用冠词，但当三餐前有形容词修饰时，需要加冠词，此处泛指一顿丰盛的早餐，应用不定冠词a；restaurant后面有一个定语从句，表特指，应用the。答案：
20、A1用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、表示方位或表示发明物等的名词前。The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.1876年亚历山大贝尔发明了电话。点津 有些物体虽然也是独一无二的，但习惯上却不用冠词。如space太空，nature自然，man人类等。2用在序数词和形容词最高级前面。Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.杨利伟是中国登上太空的第一人。3用在表示计量的名词
21、前，如by the hour,by the day,by the dozen,by the yard等，但是如表示单位的名词为不可数名词，之前不用冠词，如by weight/height等。I got paid by the hour.我按小时得到报酬。，4用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。It was not rare in the 1990s that people in their fifties went to university for further education.在二十世纪九十年代五十多岁的人上大学进修不罕见了。1(2011山东高考)Take your time
22、its just_ short distance from here to_ restaurant.A不填；the Ba;theCthe;a D不填；a解析：考查冠词。句意：不用急，从这里到饭店只有一小段路程。a short distance 表示“一小段距离”；由语意可知restaurant指双方都知道的那个饭店，所以用定冠词the。答案：B2(2011江西高考)Its said John will be in a job paying over$60,000_ year.Right,he will also get paid by_ week.Athe;the Ba;theCthe;a D
23、a;a解析：考查冠词。句意：“据说约翰会得到一份年薪超过60000美元的工作。”“是的，而且会按周付薪。”第一空用a，构成a year 相当于every/per year,而“by the计量单位名词”(按计算)。如 by the hour/week/month/year“按时/周/月/年计算”。答案：B3(2012江西八校联考)The most important thing about cotton in history is _ part that it played in _ Industrial Revolution.A不填；不填Bthe;不填Cthe;the Da;the解析：考查
24、冠词。part后面有that引导的定语从句限定，所以第一空应该用定冠词；第二空，Industrial Revolution(工业革命)是由普通名称构成的专有名词，前面应该加定冠词。答案：C4(2012太原模拟)The education of _ young is always _ hot and serious topic in modern society.Athe;不填Ba;theC不填；the Dthe;a解析：考查冠词。第一空是“the形容词”表示一类人，这里表示“年轻人”；第二空表示“一个热门而严肃的话题”，表泛指，故用不定冠词a。故选D项。答案：D1连系动词turn后作表语的单数
25、可数名词不用冠词，但名词前若有形容词作定语时，则必须加冠词。Lu Xun was a doctor before he turned writer/became a writer.鲁迅成为作家前是医生。2as/though引导的让步状语从句中，如果作表语的名词置于句首，习惯上单数名词前不用冠词。Clever boy as he is,he cant solve such a difficult problem.尽管他是个聪明的孩子，他无法解决这么难的问题。3在某些独立主格结构，如“单数名词介词短语”中，名词前不用冠词。He rushed into the classroom,book in h
26、and.他冲进教室，手里拿着一本书。4no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后的名词不用冠词。Everything comes with a price;there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.(摘自2010重庆高考)一切都是有代价的，因为天下没有“免费的午餐”。5称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作宾语补足语及同位语时，不加冠词。常用名词有king,president,chairman,monitor,head等。Hu Jintao,chairman of the Peoples Republic of China
27、,is considered as a wise leader.胡锦涛，中华人民共和国主席，被认为是一位英明的领导者。1(2011四川高考)Dr.Peter Spence,_ headmaster of the school,told us,“_ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”A不填；A B不填；TheCthe;The Da;A解析：考查冠词。表示职位名称的词作同位语或补足语时，之前不用冠词，所以headmaster之前不用冠词；a fifth of pupils为五分之一的学生，所以第二空前用不定冠词
28、。答案：A2(2012临沂市质量检测)The only solution to _ global warming is to carry out _ lowcarbon economy.Athe;不填B不填；theC不填；a Dthe;the解析：考查冠词。句意：解决全球变暖的唯一方法是实施低碳经济。global warming是抽象名词，前面不用冠词；a lowcarbon economy中的不定冠词表示“一种”。答案：C3(2012枣庄高三调研)It is reported that _ earthquake in Oct.23,in Turkey has damaged many bui
29、ldings,many of which are beyond _ repair.Athe;不填Ban;aCan;the D不填；the解析：考查冠词。第一空，特指十月二十三日发生在土耳其的地震，故用定冠词；第二空，beyond repair含义为“无法修理”，不加冠词。答案：A4(2012海淀第二学期期中练习)How about _ party?Cool!It was really _ great fun!Pity you werent there.Aa;a Bthe;a Cthe;不填Da;不填解析：考查冠词用法。问句指的是双方都知道的那次晚会，是特指；fun是不可数名词，故用零冠词。答案：C