1、-1-Language Awareness 4,Culture Corner and Bulletin Board-2-Language Awareness 4,Culture Corner and Bulletin Board YUXIDAOYIN预习导引 HEXINGUINA核心归纳 一 二 三 一、短语互译1.和联系在一起 2.为所知 3.预料某事要发生 4.in some cases 5.in addition 6.包含在 答案:1.associate.with.2.be known to 3.be expected to 4.在某些情况下 5.另外 6.be involved in-
2、3-Language Awareness 4,Culture Corner and Bulletin Board YUXIDAOYIN预习导引 HEXINGUINA核心归纳 一 二 三 二、将下列句子改写为“It is+过去分词+that 从句”结构1.We all think that he is a very good pianist.2.He is considered to be an honest man in the village.3.People believe that eating too much is bad for our health.4.The player is
3、 reported to have gone abroad for further education.5.The woman is supposed to be learning English these days.答案:1.It is thought that he is a very good pianist.2.It is considered that he is an honest man in the village.3.It is believed that eating too much is bad for our health.4.It is reported that
4、 the player has gone abroad for further education.5.It is supposed that the woman is learning English these days.-4-Language Awareness 4,Culture Corner and Bulletin Board YUXIDAOYIN预习导引 HEXINGUINA核心归纳 一 二 三 三、回答问题1.Why is the number of the tortoises declining?2.What happened to the sea water?3.Whats
5、 the use of the NoahWebster Dictionary?4.When did Australian English begin?5.What should“you”do when“you”meet a new word?答案:1.More and more of them are being killed for food.2.Almost a million litres of oil leaked into the sea.3.It not only had American words and expressions but also introduced a ne
6、w and simplified spelling.4.In 1788 when the first British prisoners were sent to Australia aspunishment.5.“I”prefer to look around the word and guess its meaning.-5-Language Awareness 4,Culture Corner and Bulletin Board HEXINGUINA核心归纳 YUXIDAOYIN预习导引 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101.Celebrity is not usually a
7、characteristic associatedwith middle-agedgiant tortoises from the Galapagos Islands.加拉帕戈斯群岛的中年巨龟并不是一直就很有名气。考点 associate.with 和来往;和共事,同联合;(在思想上)同联系在一起I always associate the smell of baking with my childhood.一闻到烤面包的香味,我就会想起我的童年。I dont like you associatingwith those people.我不喜欢你和那些人混在一起。1)May I associa
8、te myselfwith the Prime Ministers remarks?我可以表示赞成首相的话吗?归纳:associate oneselfwith 表示“表明支持/赞同”。2)相关短语:link.to/with.把与连接起来connect.to/with.把与连接起来-6-Language Awareness 4,Culture Corner and Bulletin Board HEXINGUINA核心归纳 YUXIDAOYIN预习导引 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10活学活用语法填空1)In childrens minds,summers (associate)with
9、 swimming and picnics.2)Write down all the ideas or words associated candles.答案:1)are associated 2)with-7-Language Awareness 4,Culture Corner and Bulletin Board HEXINGUINA核心归纳 YUXIDAOYIN预习导引 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 102.However,few have been so influenced by humanity as Lonesome George.然而,很少有(巨龟)像孤独的乔治这样受到
10、人类的影响。考点 influence vt.影响;改变His writings have influencedthe lives of millions.他的作品影响了千百万人的生活。1)注意 influence 的其他用法:What is the influence oftelevisionon children?电视对儿童有什么影响?The film had a strong influence on some youngpeople.那部电影对一些年轻人产生了极大的影响。At an early age,they joined the army and came underthe infl
11、uenceofthechairman.他们很早就参了军,并开始受到了主席的影响。归纳:influence 除了动词的词性外,还有名词词性。常用短语有:haveaninfluence on“对有影响”;come underthe influenceof“开始受影响”。-8-Language Awareness 4,Culture Corner and Bulletin Board HEXINGUINA核心归纳 YUXIDAOYIN预习导引 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 102)同义词:affect vt.影响effect n.影响活学活用语法填空Most parents think tha
12、t computer games have a bad influence their children.答案:on-9-Language Awareness 4,Culture Corner and Bulletin Board HEXINGUINA核心归纳 YUXIDAOYIN预习导引 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 103.Nevertheless,it was the effect of the goats introduced to the Galapagos bythe early settlers that are understood to have destroyed t
13、he ecologicalbalance on the islands and the livelihood of Georges clan.然而,人们认为是早期的移民带到加拉帕戈斯群岛的山羊摧毁了岛上的生态平衡和乔治家族赖以生存的食物来源。剖析本句是一个强调句,强调了主语 the effect of the goats;introduced to.是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰 the goats。It was a young man that saved the girls life that day.那天是一个年轻人救了这个女孩的命。考点一 nevertheless adv.然而,不过O
14、ur defeat was expected but it is disappointing nevertheless.我们的失败是意料之中的事,尽管如此,还是令人失望。考点二 effect n.影响,结果Modern farming methods can have a bad effecton the environment.现代农业耕作方式可能对环境造成不利影响。-10-Language Awareness 4,Culture Corner and Bulletin Board HEXINGUINA核心归纳 YUXIDAOYIN预习导引 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101)相关短
15、语:have an effect on 对有影响come into effect 开始实施in effect 实际上take effect 起作用2)辨析:effect,affect 与 efforteffect n.影响,结果;常构成短语 have an effect on.对有影响。WatchingTVtoo long has a bad effecton yourhealth.看电视时间太长对健康不利。affect vt.影响Your opinion will not affect my decision.你的观点不会影响我的决定。effort n.努力;常构成短语 make an ef
16、fort to do sth.努力做某事。The club is making every effort to attract more people.这家俱乐部正在尽一切努力来吸引更多的人。-11-Language Awareness 4,Culture Corner and Bulletin Board HEXINGUINA核心归纳 YUXIDAOYIN预习导引 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10活学活用语法填空1)Although he is her employer,she has effect full control.2)When will the new timetable
17、 come effect?3)The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism the wildlife in the area.答案:1)in 2)into 3)on-12-Language Awareness 4,Culture Corner and Bulletin Board HEXINGUINA核心归纳 YUXIDAOYIN预习导引 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 104.At first,it was feared that the islands many unique species wouldbe
18、damaged,but the archipelago is expectedto make a full recovery.起初,人们担心这些岛屿上的许多独特物种会受到损害,但这个群岛有望完全恢复。剖析本句是 but 连接的并列句。在第一个分句中,it 是形式主语,that 引导的从句作真正的主语。考点 be expected to 预料某事要发生The first message is expectedto arrive at 7 oclock this evening.第一条信息预计在今晚 7 点到达。-13-Language Awareness 4,Culture Corner and
19、 Bulletin Board HEXINGUINA核心归纳 YUXIDAOYIN预习导引 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10观察 expect 的用法:As expected,the peace talkbroke down.正如所料,和平谈判破裂了。The cost ofthe repairs is more than expected.修理费高于预期费用。It is expected that the building will be completed by the spring.人们期望这幢大楼在春天前完工。归纳:as expected的意思是“正如所料”;more than
20、expected的意思是“比预料的多”;it is expected that.的意思是“人们期望”。-14-Language Awareness 4,Culture Corner and Bulletin Board HEXINGUINA核心归纳 YUXIDAOYIN预习导引 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10活学活用完成句子1)(预料)that the report will suggest some major reforms.2)(正如所料),one of the best students carried off the prize.答案:1)It is expected 2)
21、As expected-15-Language Awareness 4,Culture Corner and Bulletin Board HEXINGUINA核心归纳 YUXIDAOYIN预习导引 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 105.By the time George was discovered,breeding programmes were knownto be increasing the numbers of other tortoise sub-species,but it wasacknowledged that his case was different.到乔治被
22、发现的时候为止,人们知道繁殖计划是为了增加其他海龟亚种的数量,但是人们也承认乔治的情况有所不同。剖析在第一个分句中,George was discovered 是定语从句,修饰 time。在第二个分句中,it 是形式主语,that 引导的从句是真正的主语。考点一 be acknowledged that.被认为;承认It was universally acknowledgedthat purple is a noble colour.人们普遍认为紫色是高贵的颜色。He is widely acknowledged to be one ofthe best players in the wor
23、ld.普遍认为他是全球最佳选手之一。归纳:be acknowledgedto be 的意思是“被认为是”。-16-Language Awareness 4,Culture Corner and Bulletin Board HEXINGUINA核心归纳 YUXIDAOYIN预习导引 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10考点二 case n.情形;事例In some cases,people have to wait for several weeks for an appointment with the famous professor.在某些情况下,人们必须等上好几周才能约到这位著名的
24、教授。Take a hat with you incase the sun is very hot.你带上帽子吧,以防阳光太强了。The doctor asked us to call him up during the night incase ofnecessity.医生吩咐我们在夜里万一有需要就给他打电话。归纳:in case 的意思是“以防,可能,倘若”,与其后成分一起作状语;in caseof 的意思是“如果,万一”,后面接名词。-17-Language Awareness 4,Culture Corner and Bulletin Board HEXINGUINA核心归纳 YUXI
25、DAOYIN预习导引 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10活学活用完成句子1)你承认你错了吗?youve been wrong?2)是她想认你做她的女儿。It is she who wants to her daughter.3)他承认接受过一些可视为贿赂的礼物。He that could be seen as bribes.4)其中,梅兰芳被公认为中国表演艺术的代表。Among them,Mei Lanfang the symbol of Chinas performing art.-18-Language Awareness 4,Culture Corner and Bulletin
26、Board HEXINGUINA核心归纳 YUXIDAOYIN预习导引 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10词语替换5)This girl was considered as the best volleyball player in the team.6)It is believed that dogs have an acute sense of smell.语法填空7)Ill prepare more dishes case your guests decide to stay for dinner.答案:1)Do you acknowledge that 2)acknowledge
27、 you as 3)acknowledged accepting gifts 4)is acknowledged to be 5)acknowledged to be/as 6)It is acknowledged 7)in-19-Language Awareness 4,Culture Corner and Bulletin Board HEXINGUINA核心归纳 YUXIDAOYIN预习导引 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 106.语法非人称转述结构转述人们的一般认识或说的话时,我们可以用“It+is/was+动词的被动式”结构,常用于这一结构的动词有:predict,say,kno
28、w,believe,claim,suppose,think,fear 等,这一结构称为非人称转述结构。It is said that body language is used in almost every place.据说,肢体语言几乎用于每一个地方。It is feared that he may have been kidnapped.人们担心他可能被绑架了。也可以把有关的人和事放在句首,后面用不定式结构:sb./sth.+be predicted/said to do.It is predicted that we will have a better environment to
29、study English.=We are predicted to have a better environment to study English.据预测,我们将有一个更好的学习英语的环境。-20-Language Awareness 4,Culture Corner and Bulletin Board HEXINGUINA核心归纳 YUXIDAOYIN预习导引 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10用不定式结构应注意以下两点:1.如果转述的动作发生于转述的同一时间,可以用动词不定式的一般式:It is known that they prefer reading English
30、aloud in the morning.=They are known to prefer reading English aloud in the morning.众所周知,他们更喜欢在早晨朗读英文。2.如果转述的动作发生在转述之前,用不定式的完成式:It is predicted that they have finished their homework ahead of time.=They are predicted to have finished their homework ahead of time.据预测,他们已经提前完成了家庭作业。-21-Language Awaren
31、ess 4,Culture Corner and Bulletin Board HEXINGUINA核心归纳 YUXIDAOYIN预习导引 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 107.In addition,there are many more millions of people who speak English asa secondlanguage.除此之外,还有好几百万人把英语作为第二语言来使用考点 in addition 另外There is,inaddition,one further point to make.此外,还有一点要说。In addition to these ar
32、rangements,extra ambulances will be on duty until midnight.除了这些安排以外,额外增加的救护车值班到深夜。归纳:in addition 为副词性短语,作状语,可放在句首、句尾或句中。在句首和句中时,一般和句子其他成分用逗号分开,但在句尾时,则不需要分开。inaddition to“除之外(还)”,后接名词、动词-ing 形式或代词。-22-Language Awareness 4,Culture Corner and Bulletin Board HEXINGUINA核心归纳 YUXIDAOYIN预习导引 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
33、 9 10besidesprep.除之外(还有)but=except 除之外(不包括)except for 除之外(从整体中除去细节,表示“美中不足”)apart from(既可表示 besides 也可表示 except 和 except for 的含义)活学活用完成句子1)Our gas bills have been increasing steadily.(除了)these,our telephone costs have doubled over the past six months.2)This garden has the best collection of native p
34、lants.(另外),it contains numerous trees and flowers from overseas.答案:1)In addition to 2)In addition-23-Language Awareness 4,Culture Corner and Bulletin Board HEXINGUINA核心归纳 YUXIDAOYIN预习导引 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 108.Besides,English is the most widely studied foreign language in the world.此外,英语也是世界上被最多人学习的外语
35、。考点一 besides prep.&adv.除外;另外The play was badly acted,besides being far too long.这出戏除了太长之外,演得也不好。I dont like the shoes;besides,they are too expensive.我不喜欢这双鞋子,另外,也太贵了。辨析:besides 和 exceptI looked everywhere besides the roofofthe room,but exceptunderthe bed.我看了每一个地方,包括屋顶,就是没看床下。归纳:besides 表示“除外,另外”,着重“
36、另外还有”。except表示“除外,没有”,着重“另外没有”。-24-Language Awareness 4,Culture Corner and Bulletin Board HEXINGUINA核心归纳 YUXIDAOYIN预习导引 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10考点二 widely adv.普遍地;广泛地;范围广地The birth of a baby penguin in the zoo was widely reported.动物园里小企鹅的出生被广泛报道。She stared at him with eyes wide.她睁大了眼睛注视着他。辨析:widely 和 wi
37、de widely adv.“广泛地”,侧重于“广”,表示抽象概念。wide adj.“宽的”;adv.“充分地”,侧重于“宽”。尤其指开闭之物的开口的“宽”,表示具体概念。-25-Language Awareness 4,Culture Corner and Bulletin Board HEXINGUINA核心归纳 YUXIDAOYIN预习导引 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10high 高(具体)highly 高(抽象)deep 深(具体)deeply 深深地(抽象)close 近(具体)closely 仔细地(抽象)活学活用选词填空1)working as a doctor,he
38、 also writes novels in his spare time.(Besides/Except)2)We watched the map to think up a practical way of getting to the island.(close/closely)答案:1)Besides 2)closely;close-26-Language Awareness 4,Culture Corner and Bulletin Board HEXINGUINA核心归纳 YUXIDAOYIN预习导引 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 109.I think by imitati
39、ng,I get not only beautiful pronunciation andintonation,but also a kindof“feeling”for English.我认为通过模仿,我不仅能学到漂亮的发音和语调,还得到了一种英语“语感”。剖析本句是一个主从复合句,其中,I get not only.是宾语从句。by imitating是方式状语。考点 not only.but also.不但/仅而且Not only his uncle but also his grandfather is beginning to show an interest in English.
40、不仅他的叔叔,就连他的爷爷也开始对英语感兴趣了。Not only does he like reading English stories,butalsohe can write English diaries.他不但喜欢读英语故事,还会写英语日记。-27-Language Awareness 4,Culture Corner and Bulletin Board HEXINGUINA核心归纳 YUXIDAOYIN预习导引 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10归纳:1)not only.but also.连接并列主语时,谓语与相邻的名词或代词形式保持一致。2)not only.but al
41、so.连接两个并列分句时,not only 置于句首时,其所在句子部分倒装。活学活用完成句子1)The computer was used in teaching.As a result,not only (节省了老师的精力),but students became more interested in lessons as well.2)Not only Anns parents but also she (待在家)every Sunday.答案:1)was teachers energy saved 2)stays at home-28-Language Awareness 4,Cultu
42、re Corner and Bulletin Board HEXINGUINA核心归纳 YUXIDAOYIN预习导引 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1010.But I was so involved in the story that I didnt want to stop to check itsmeaning.但是我太过专注于故事,以至于不想停下来查看它的意思。剖析 这是一个主从复合句,so.that.引导结果状语从句。考点 involve vt.使忙于;使陷于;牵涉Dont involve other people in your trouble.不要把别人牵涉到你的麻烦之中。
43、He was involved in writing his English letter.他在聚精会神地写英语书信。He was involved with the Mafia.他和黑手党有牵连。归纳:be involved in 的意思是“包含在;与有关;被卷入;专心地(做)”;beinvolved with 的意思是“使牵扯到某人”。-29-Language Awareness 4,Culture Corner and Bulletin Board HEXINGUINA核心归纳 YUXIDAOYIN预习导引 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10活学活用语法填空1)The former manager of the company was said (involve)in an organized crime.2)I seem to have involved myself something I dont understand.答案:1)to have been involved 2)in