1、课时作业23Section Grammar.用所给词的适当形式填空或在空格处填入语法形式正确的词1Mary ought to_have_helped (help) her mother with the housework, but she didnt.解析：句意：玛丽本来应该帮助她妈妈做家务的，但是她没有。ought to have done 表示“本来应该做某事(但实际上并没有做)”，具有遗憾或责备的意味。2Has your father got up?Sorry, Im not sure. He might_have got up. Please go and see yourself.
2、解析：句意：你爸爸起床了吗？对不起，我不确定。他可能起床了。请自己去看看吧。might have done 表示对过去发生事情的推测，可能性较小。3Tom could_have_gone (go) to his friends birthday party, but he was too busy yesterday.解析：句意：汤姆本来可以去参加他朋友的生日聚会的，但是昨天他太忙了。could have done 可以用在虚拟语气中，表示“本来可以做某事(而实际上并没有做)”。4Mike cant_have_found (find) his car, for he came to work
3、by bus this morning.解析：句意：迈克一定没有找到自己的汽车，因为今天早晨他是乘公共汽车来上班的。cant have done 是对过去发生事情的否定推测。5You neednt_have_gone (go) to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.解析：句意：昨天你本来不必去城里看那部电影的。它今天晚上要在电视上放映。neednt have done 表示“本来不必做某事(但事实上做了)”。6It must have been Tom that parked the car here, as h
4、e is the only one with a car.解析：句意：一定是汤姆把车停在这里的，因为只有他一个人有汽车。must have done 表示对过去发生事情的肯定推测，由 as he is the only one with a car 可知一定是他把车停在这里的。7My iPod isnt in my bag. Where can I have put it?解析：句意：我的苹果音乐播放器不在我的包里。我会把它放到哪了呢？ can have done 表示对过去发生事情的推测时，意为“可能做过吗？”，用在否定句或疑问句中。8From what I learn about thei
5、r hotel, the service and the weather, they cant/couldnt_have_enjoyed (enjoy) their holiday very much.解析：句意：从我所了解到的旅店、服务和天气等方面的情况来判断，他们假期不可能玩得高兴。对发生在过去的事情的否定推测用cant/couldnt have done。9Bobby shouldnt_have_told (tell) me your secret, but he meant no harm.解析：句意：鲍比本不应该告诉我你的秘密的，但他没有恶意。shouldnt have done 表
6、示“本不应该做某事(但实际上却做了)”，含有责备或遗憾的语气。10I got up early this morning, but I neednt_have_done (do) so because I am not on duty today.解析：句意：今天早晨我起得很早，但是我本来没有必要早起的，因为今天我不值日。neednt have done 表示“本来没有必要做某事(但事实上做了)”。.语法填空A：Tom claimed_1_(win) the scholarship in the competition.Is that true?B：Oh，Im not sure.Im scep
7、tical _2_it as well.He has never been devoted to his lessons.He spent a lot of time_3_(wander) about，so I think he is _4_(likely) to win the scholarship.A：I heard that he had a quarrel with Bill the other day.Have they made_5_？B：Oh，sorry.I dont know.I was ill for two weeks and had several days off.S
8、o I was cut_6_from the outside world.A：According to Bill，its Toms fault to have the quarrel，who never comes straight _7_the point when he referred to something.B：Maybe it was_8_to Toms rudeness_9_led to the quarrel，but he has his own_10_(strong) as well.We shouldnt put blame on him.A：What you said s
9、ounds reasonable.1to_have_won解析：claim to have done 声称干过。2about/of解析：be sceptical about/of 对怀疑。3wandering解析：spend time doing sth. 花时间做某事。4unlikely解析：be unlikely to do 不可能。5up解析：make up 和好，和解。6off解析：cut off 切断，中断。7to解析：come straight to the point 开门见山。8due解析：due to 由于。9that解析：It was.that. 强调句型，强调句子的主语。
10、10strength解析：strength 优点，长处，强项。.阅读理解AJust like humans, birds too rely on sound to communicate. However, they do not have a “language” in the true sense of the word and instead produce a variety of sounds to convey different emotions.Often, birds recognise their mates (配偶) (or young)by sound rather t
11、han sight. Hungry young birds use begging calls to let their mothers know it is feeding time.Alarm calls, flight calls and warning calls are other sounds made frequently by the adults.A new study shows that songbirds rehearse (排演)their songs even in their sleep. The activity in the brain of the bird
12、s that were asleep was similar to the brain activity produced when the birds were awake and singing.It is obvious that the bird stores a song after hearing it, then rehearses it later in its sleep. Scientists now believe the birds “dream of songs and tunes” to help them master the fine art of singin
13、g and that sleep plays a key role in the learning process!Many songbirds learn to sing by listening to adult birds of the same species. However, if separated from the adults, the young birds develop sounds which are hard to understand instead of normal song patterns. Researchers carried out an exper
14、iment, in which a male bullfinch (灰雀)was raised by a female canary(金丝雀). The bullfinch soon learned the canarys song and when it was later mated to a female bullfinch, Mr Bullfinch taught his children the canarys songs.Last year, a British survey of Londons songbirds showed that the citys birds are
15、losing their tunes. Birds could hardly hear one another over the traffic noise; as a result, instead of copying the sweet notes of the adults，young birds were copying sounds they heard most often，namely car horns and beeping cellphones!1According to the passage, birds recognise their mates by_.Ausin
16、g their own wordsBlistening to their soundsClooking at their appearancesDsinging the same songs答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，鸟儿是通过听声音来辨认它们的配偶的。2What kind of calls might a young bird make most often according to the passage?AFlight calls. BAlarm calls.CBegging calls. DWarning calls.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，
17、幼鸟发出 begging calls 来让它们的母亲给它们喂食。由此可推知，幼鸟最经常发出的应该是“乞食声”。3The story of Mr Bullfinch suggests that_.Ayoung birds learn to sing from whom they live together withBbirds only learn how to sing from the same adult speciesCits not easy for adult birds to teach young birds songsDa canarys song is more beauti
18、ful than a bullfinchs答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第五段可知，灰雀被一只金丝雀喂养，它学会的是金丝雀的歌声。由此推断，幼鸟是跟与它们生活在一起的鸟类学习声音的。4From the last paragraph, we know that_.Atraffic noise makes young birds become deafBbirds in the city can sing as sweetly as those in the wildCbirds in the city recognise their mates mainly by sightDnoise pol
19、lution causes much trouble for birds in the city答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，城市嘈杂的声音使鸟儿听不到彼此的歌声，幼鸟也无法向成年的鸟学习唱歌，因此说噪音给城市中的鸟儿带来了麻烦。BTravelers to some small and beautiful villages should remember the following suggestions：Be careful of what you eat and drink. Eat wellcooked and hot foods, and dont drink fresh
20、 milk, eat too much seafood or undercooked meat. Drink only bottled or boiled water, or drinks in cans or bottles. Dont drink tap water or fountain drinks. Eat only whollycooked foods or fruit and vegetables you have washed yourself. Remember: boil it, cook it, wash it, or forget it.About allergies
21、(过敏症). If you have any food allergies, learn the names of those foods in the languages of the countries youll be visiting. This way youll be able to stay away from them.Ask your doctor. Ask your doctor for health advice. This is very important for everyone. Take along a copy of your medical record.
22、A good medical record should include all of the medicines you are taking, the treatment you have received or are receiving, your blood type, and so on. You should also have your doctors name, address, and phone number in case they are needed. Carry these things with you at all times while traveling.
23、 Find out what types of diseases are common to the area youll be visiting and try to protect you from those diseases.Sunshine. Avoid getting from sunburn, especially in the tropics or the desert.Feet. Keep your feet clean and dry, and do not walk around barefoot.Wearing. Wear longsleeved shirts, lon
24、g pants and hats.本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了去一些美丽的小山村旅游时应注意的事项。5What does the underlined word “forget” in Paragraph Two most probably mean?ADont remember BDont recall CDont eat DDont buy答案：C解析：词义猜测题。通过第二段中心句“Be careful of what you eat and drink.”可知，该段主要说明了外出旅游时在饮食方面应注意的事项。画线词所在句子“Remember: boil it, cook it, wash
25、 it, or forget it.”也是对本段内容的概括，由此可知，“forget it”是指如果这些饮食不是经过煮熟或清洗的，就不要食用。故选C项。A项意为“不要记住”；B项意为“不要回忆”；D项意为“不要买”，都不符合句意。6What had you better do to avoid the allergic foods before traveling to another country?AAsk the doctor for advice. BRemember the foods in the native language.CBring your own foods with
26、 you. DEat only whollycooked foods.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“If you have any food allergies, learn the names of those foods in the languages of the countries youll be visiting.”可知，如果对某些食物过敏，在旅游前，应了解在当地语言中这些食物的名称，这样就能避免误食了。故选B项。7Where is the passage most probably from?AA newspaper. BA textbook.CA medical
27、 magazine. DA travelers guide.答案：D解析：文章出处题。本文的中心段是第一段。根据第一段可知，本文主要提醒游客到美丽的小山村旅游时应注意的一些事项。由此可推知，答案是D项，意为“旅游指南”。A项意为“报纸”；B项意为“教科书”；C项意为“医学杂志”，都与文章内容不相符。8Which of the following is the best title for the passage?ASafe Traveling BEnjoyable TravelingCOverseas Traveling DCountryside Traveling答案：A解析：标题概括题。通
28、读文章可知，本文主要是提醒游客去小山村旅游时在安全饮食等方面应注意的一些事项。由此可知，A项(安全旅游)与文章中心一致。B项意为“快乐旅游”；C项意为“海外旅游”；D项意为“乡村旅游”，都与文章中心不相符。.读后续写阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。A philosophy professor stood before his class and had some items in front of him. When class began, wordlessly he picked up a large empty glass_jar and proceeded
29、to fill it with rocks right to the top, rocks about two inches in diameter.He then asked the students if the jar was full. They agreed that it was. The professor then picked up a box of pebbles (鹅卵石) and poured them into the jar. He shook the jar lightly. The pebbles, of course, rolled into the open
30、 spaces between the rocks. The students laughed.He asked his students again if the jar was full. They agreed，“Yes, it was.”The professor then picked up a box of sand and poured it into the jar.Of course, the sand filled up all the remaining spaces.“Now，” said the professor, “I want you to recognize
31、that this is your life.”The rocks are the most important thingsyour family, your partner, your health, your childrenanything that is so important to you that if it were lost, you would be nearly destroyed. The pebbles are the other things in life that matter, but on a smaller scale. The pebbles repr
32、esent things like your job, your house, your car. The sand is everything elsethe small_stuff.If you put the sand or the pebbles into the jar first, there is no room for the rocks. The same goes for your life. If you spend all your energy and time on the small stuff, you will never have room for the
33、things that are truly most important. Pay attention to the things that are critical in your life. Play with your children. Take your partner out dancing. Talk with your parents. There will always be time to go to work, clean the house，give a dinner party and fix the disposal. “Take care of the rocks
34、 firstthe things that really matter. Set your priorities (优先). The rest is just pebbles and sand. They will take care of themselves.”注意：1所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。答案Paragraph 1：Later, students were asked to voice their own understandings. A st
35、udent stood up, agreeing with the professor and saying shamefully that he only focused on some small_stuff,_even enjoying all kinds of amusements rather than spending time accompanying his parents. Whats more, a good idea was put forward that everyone should reflect on his own life,_making room for
36、critical things and creating a meaningful life.The professor nodded his head with a bright smile, encouraging more opinions.Paragraph 2：A creative student compared the empty jar to time, which aroused great interests among the class. He explained that the way we filled the empty glass_jar was the wa
37、y we made use of our time. We seldom thought carefully about it. Therefore, we usually wasted time on a lot of little things firstly, leaving less time to deal with the more vital things. For example, we were easily addicted to games but poorly prepared for our study. Thus, its high time that we should change our attitudes to life from now on.