1、Section_Introduction & Reading Language Points 一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇1.incomen. 收入2.humann. (与动物等对比的)人 3.indexn. 指数4.measurevt. 测定；测量；评估 5.goaln. 目标6.positionn. 位置7.figuren. 数字.拓展词汇1.developmentn发展develop v发展developed adj.发达的developing adj.发展中的2.educatevt.教育education n教育educated adj.受过教育的3.hungern
2、饥饿hungry adj.饥饿的1.expectancy n(根据概率得出的)预期数额记法expect (期望，期待) ancy (名词后缀ance)2.measure vt.测定；测量；评估联想sure结尾名词小聚pleasure快乐pressure 压力treasure 财富，财产3.goal n目标同义aim n目的，目的，意图词块learning goal 学习目标life goal 人生目标4.poverty n贫穷联想poor adj. 贫穷的 词块poverty level 贫困水平live in poverty 过着贫困的生活 二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.make
3、_efforts作出努力 2make_progress 取得进步3agree_to_do_sth. 同意做某事4up_to 直到5at_the_bottom_of 在底部6safe_drinking_water 安全饮用水 7make_sure 确保 1.reduce poverty 减少贫困 2the Human Development Index 人类发展指数 3life expectancy 预期寿命 4at the top of the list 高居榜首 5improve the environment 改善环境 6move out of poverty 脱贫 7go to prim
4、ary school 上小学 8give some financial help 提供一些经济援助 三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7. 挪威高居榜首，而美国名列第七。while“然而”，用作并列连词，表对比。Cloning plants is simple while_cloning_animals is very complicated. 克隆植物简单，但克隆动物就非常复杂了。2.The bottom ten countries are all African cou
5、ntries, with SierraLeone (in West Africa) at the bottom of the list.处于末端的十个国家均是非洲国家，塞拉利昂(位于西非)排在最后。with的复合结构(即“with宾语宾语补足语”)在句中作状语。Tom came into the classroom with_a_book_in_his_hand.汤姆走进教室，手里拿了一本书。3.However, in other regions of the world, eg. Eastern Europe, water is now mostly safe to drink. 然而，在世
6、界的其他地区，如东欧，现在的饮用水大多是安全的。“主语beadj.动词不定式”结构，其中动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。 The book is difficult_tounderstand. 这本书很难懂。The chair is comfortable_tosit_on.这把椅子坐上去很舒服。4.These are among the five richest countries in the world, so it is right that they should do so. 它们都属于世界上最富有的五个国家，所以它们这样做是合情合理的。“Itbeadj.that从句”句型，其中
7、it作形式主语。 It is uncertain whether_he_cancome_to our wedding or not. 他是否能来参加我们的婚礼还不确定。1(教材P12)The Index measures a countrys achievements in three ways: life expectancy (how long people usually live), education and income.这个指数从三个方面衡量一个国家的成就：预期寿命(人们通常活多长时间)、教育和收入。measure vt.测定；测量；评估 vi.有长/宽n.尺寸；措施make .
8、 to ones measure按照某人的尺寸做(衣服等)take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事How do you measure the size of this room? 你如何测量这个房间的面积？My mother made me a pair of trousers to_my_measure.我妈妈按照我的尺寸给我做了一条裤子。It is high time that we should take some measures to_protect (protect) our environment. 是我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。名师点津measure作
9、“尺寸”讲时，常用作不可数名词；而作“措施”讲时，通常用复数形式。2(教材P12)The UK is in the thirteenth position, while China is in the middle of the list.英国位居第十三，而中国则处于中等水平。position n位置，方位；姿势；身份，地位；职位，职务；处境，状况写出下列句中position的含义 Can you find our position on this map? 位置He has a high position in the firm. 地位，职位Now let us look at the wa
10、ge position. 状况He was lying in a very uncomfortable position. 姿势名师点津position作先行词时，其后的定语从句多由where引导；在in/out of position(在/不在适当的位置)短语中，position是不可数名词，前面不可用冠词。We are now in a good position where all is in our hands.我们现在处于一个有利的形势：一切尽在我们掌握之中。3(教材P12)The most important goals are to: reduce poverty and hun
11、ger; make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11 . 最重要的目标是：减少贫困和饥饿；确保所有儿童11岁之前都能接受教育make sure确保；查明；弄清楚(后接that引导的宾语从句，也可接of/about sth.；后接宾语从句时，从句通常用一般现在时)be sure of确信 be sure to do 一定会for sure/certain 肯定地 to be sure 确定；固然 Ill make sure of the time of the flight.我要核实一下这班飞机的时间。Make_s
12、ure (that) you pick me up at five.你一定要在5点来接我。Be sure to_tell (tell) me all the news. 一定要把所有的消息都告诉我。Im sure_of his success. 我确信他会成功。No one knows for_sure what will happen in the future.没有人确切地知道未来会发生什么事。up to直到；多达；由决定；忙于；胜任写出下列句中up to 的含义 Up to ten people can sleep in this tent. 多达The No. 5 bus runs u
13、p to 9 oclock in the evening. 直到Im afraid that he is not up to the job. 胜任Its up to you to decide where we should go. 由决定What have you been up to? 忙于名师点津up to 意为“胜任”时，通常用于疑问句或否定句中，to后面可接名词、代词、动名词。(1)be up to (doing sth.)打算做/正在做(不好的事)；胜任(做某事)It is up to sb. to do sth. 是某人的责任；应由某人做Its up to you.由你做主。(
14、2)up to date 最新的up to now 直到现在(与现在完成时连用)Shall we go out for dinner or eat at home? Its up_to_you.我们是出去吃饭还是在家吃呢？ 由你决定。Up_to_now he keeps quiet about the matter. 直到现在他对这件事仍保持沉默。4(教材P12)The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts.报告显示：我们正在进步，但是我们需要作出更大的努力。
15、make efforts作出努力 make to do sth.努力做某事spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事with/without effort 费力地/毫不费力地 I will make every effort to achieve my goal.我将尽一切努力来实现我的目标。The workers are making efforts to_fulfill (fulfill) this years plan. 工人们正在努力完成今年的计划。They spared no effort to_finish (finish) the task. 他们不遗
16、余力地完成了这项任务。He spoke in English with effort. 他费力地用英语说。名师点津表示“尽力做某事”的短语或句型还有：try/do ones best to do sth.do all that one can to do sth.do what/whatever one can to do sth.5(教材P13)Complete the chart with figures from the passage.用文章中的数字完成下表。figure n数字；人物；身材，体形；人影vt.计算；认为 写出下列句中figure的含义He has an income o
17、f six figures. 数字They figured it was better to stay where they were. 认为He was one of the great figures in history. 人物I could see a figure in the distance. 人影She is always has a good figure. 身材keep ones figure保持体形 figure out 计算出；想出；理解figure on 指望；打算 She figured on arriving in New York on Friday. 她打算星
18、期五抵达纽约。I cant figure out why she said that. 我想不通她为什么那么说。巧学助记1. However, in other regions of the world, eg. Eastern Europe, water is now mostly safe to drink.然而，在世界的其他地区，如东欧，现在的饮用水大多是安全的。本句中的water is now mostly safe to drink为固定句型，本句型可概括为“主语beadj.动词不定式”。不定式在此句型中用主动形式表示被动意义，常见于该句型的形容词多为表示主语性质、特征的词，如eas
19、y, hard, difficult, interesting, comfortable等。This machine is very easy to operate. 这台机器很容易操作。The piece of music is pleasant to_hear (hear)这首乐曲听起来很悦耳。名师点津(1)在上面结构中，动词不定式和主语在逻辑上是动宾关系；当不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，要加适当的介词。(2)不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语。Hes easy to_get (get) along with.他很容易相处。The long sentence is difficult for
20、you to remember.这个长句对你来说很难记。2. These are among the five richest countries in the world, so it is right that they should do so.它们都属于世界上最富有的五个国家，所以它们这样做是合情合理的。本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句，其句型为：Itbeadj.that从句。常用的形容词有：true, possible, probable, likely, certain等。It is true that such a great project will d
21、o a great deal of good to us.毫无疑问，这样一个伟大的工程将给我们带来很大的好处。It was_clear_that he was absent. 很明显他缺席了。名师点津that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的it作形式主语的句型还有：(1)Itbe名词词组(no wonder, a pity, an honor, etc.)that从句(2)Itbe过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, etc.)that从句It is a_pleasure_that you have been here. 很高兴你能来这里。It
22、 is said (say) that he has published another book.据说他出版了另一本书。.单句语法填空1We should take some measures to_solve (solve) these problems. 2Im not sure what I would do if I were in your position. 3Make sure of his coming before you set off. 4It is up to us to_do (do) our best to solve the tough problem now.
23、 5It is uncertain whether he can attend the meeting or not. 6They are making further efforts to_decrease (decrease) unnecessary spending. 7Figure out how much youll save every month. 8This kind of fish is nice to_eat (eat). .选词填空measure， position， make sure， up to， make efforts， figure out， make pro
24、gress， educate 1It is up_to you whether we should accept the present or not. 2The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to figure_out its reality. 3I was annoyed that I was behind my classmates, so I made_efforts to study hard. 4Children need to be educated on the d
25、angers of drugtaking. 5He has made very little progress this term. 6Its hard to_measure his ability when we havent seen his work.7Whoever leaves the lab last, make_sure all the lights are turned off. 8From their position on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city. 一、全练语言
26、点，基稳才能楼高.单词拼写1. Many black children died of cold and hunger (饥饿) in Africa. 2He was educated (教育) at Cambridge University. 3Measure (测量) the size of the board. 4His goal (目标) in life is to be a great scientist. 5Some famous singers live on the income (收入) from their record sales. 6With the developme
27、nt (发展) of the Internet, less communication is done by regular mail. 7The above figure (数字) did not include workers. 8Youve moved the furniture around the sofa is in a different position (位置).单句改错1It is knew that he will go abroad next month.knewknown2Id like to pay a visit to a friend of mine with
28、time permitted.permittedpermitting_3It is occurred to me that I should phone you.去掉is_4Hunger is a big problem in some places, especial in some lonely areas.especialespecially5The police are making efforts reduce traffic accidents.efforts后加to_6The old photos buried in the bottom of the suitcase remi
29、nded me of those happy old days we had spent together.inat_.完成句子1With homework_done,_we went on to play on the playground. 作业做好后，我们接下来到操场玩耍。2It is demanded that everyone (should)_hand_in_their_homework in time. 要求每个人都必须按时上交作业。3We should take_measures_to_control pollution in order to save the world.为
30、了拯救世界，我们应该采取措施来控制污染。4What you said doesnt agree_with_the_fact.你所说的与事实不相符。5Its up_to_us_to_try our best to help them.我们理应尽我们最大的努力去帮助他们。6Youd better take down all the key points while_the_memory_is_still_fresh in your mind.你最好在你记忆犹新的时候写下所有要点。7If a man is_to_succeed,_he must work as hard as he can.如果一个
31、人想成功，他必须尽最大努力。8It_is_surprising that youve made the same mistake again. 让人惊讶的是，你又犯了相同的错误。9Smith has made so much progress that we are_all_surprised.史密斯进步如此大，我们都大吃一惊。10In dealing with public relations, we should make_every_effort_to_avoid quarrelling with others. 在处理公共关系时，我们应该尽一切努力避免与他人争吵。.课文语法填空One
32、of the most important sections of the Human Development Report is the Human Development Index. The Index 1.measures (measure) a countrys achievements in three ways: life expectancy, education and income. The index has some surprises. Norway is 2.at the top of the list, 3.while the US is at number 7.
33、 The bottom ten countries are all African countries.China is in the middle of the list. It is one of the examples of successful 4.development (develop). China increased life expectancy 5.by 13 years. In 6.the last ten years in China, 150 million people moved out of poverty. However, a great many peo
34、ple in 7.developing (develop) countries are hungry. Over half of these are in South Asia or Africa. In developing countries about 115 million children are not 8.being_educated (educate). And more than 1 billion people dont have safe water 9.to_drink (drink), so the report suggests that we need to ma
35、ke greater 10.efforts (effort) in the future.串点成篇微表达如何摆脱饥饿和贫困(hunger; poverty)一直是人类的主要问题。许多发达国家的人过着富裕的生活，而(while)很多发展中国家的人却收入(income)很低，过着贫困的生活。更糟糕的是，在发展中(developing)国家很多孩子没法受教育(educate)。数字(figure)显示，全世界的帮助是不能用金钱来衡量的(measure)。有一些志愿者正在尽全力(make effort to)帮助那些处于困境中的人们。CARE International是世界上最大的发展(develo
36、pment)组织，它接受来自富裕的发达国家的钱来帮助贫穷国家的人们减少贫穷和饥饿。How_to_get_rid_of_hunger_and_poverty_has_always_been_humans_main_problem.Many_people_in_developed_countries_live_a_rich_life,_while_many_people_in_developing_countries_have_a_lowincome_and_live_a_poor_life._Whats_worse,_many_children_indeveloping_countries_ca
37、n_not_be_educated._Figures_show_that_help_from_all_over_the_world_cant_be_measured_in_money._There_are_some_volunteers_are_making_every_effortto_help_people_in_need._CARE_International,_one_of_the_worlds_largest_developmentorganisations,_receives_money_from_wealthy_developed_countries_to_help_some_d
38、eveloping_countries_to_reduce_poverty_and_hunger._二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧.完形填空There was once a woman who decided to kill all the monsters (怪物) in the world. This _1_ took her on a dangerous journey. She met with many _2_ along the way, each testing her strength and abilities.She hadnt traveled long _3_ she
39、began chasing the monster of hunger. She _4_ him and declared, “Youve been causing hunger; _5_ to die.” The monster said, “I acknowledge I bring _6_， but I also bring benefits as well. There would be no _7_ to find food and survive without me. So look at the ways I might be _8_； dont destroy me.” Th
40、e woman saw the _9_ in what the monster said, so the monster wasnt killed.Then she found the monster of suffering and said, “Nobody _10_ to suffer. Youre _11_ and I want to kill you.” But he also _12_ for his life, saying, “I do cause pain and sorrow. Yet because of me people _13_ and develop. Remem
41、ber as a child when you put your hand too close to a fire and experienced the pain of the _14_？ Your suffering was short, but you learned from the _15_. This learning has protected you, and this short suffering may have helped to _16_ your life.” The woman then realized another truth through pain we
42、 learn to _17_ pain and appreciate pleasure. So perhaps even suffering has its place if we learn how to _18_ from it.So she learned that it isnt what the object is, but how we _19_ it, that makes the difference. Experiences of the past _20_ what we do in the present. We can never tell how the unexpe
43、cted bad events lead to unexpected beautiful new experiences.语篇解读：本文为夹叙夹议文。看似坏的东西也可以给我们带来好处，本文说明的就是这个道理。1A.hobbyBorderCpromise Dgoal解析：选D由“decided to kill all the monsters in the world”可知，该空意指杀怪物这一“目标(goal)”。2A.aids BsurprisesCchallenges Dcompetitions解析：选C由“each testing her strength and abilities”可知
44、，她在途中遇到了许多“挑战(challenge)”。3A.while BbeforeCuntil Dafter解析：选B出发不久她就赶上了“the monster of hunger”，即在赶上“the monster of hunger”“之前(before)”她还没有走很长时间，故选B项。4A.joined BfoundCpunished Dapproached解析：选D赶上“the monster of hunger”后，需要“接近(approach)”它，让它“准备(prepare)”受死。5A.agree BdecideCprepare Dturn解析：选C参见上题解析。6A.reg
45、ret BfearCdisappointment Ddiscomfort解析：选D由“Youve been causing hunger”可知，此处它承认它给人带来了“不适(discomfort)”。7A.doubt BmotivationCidea Dpossibility解析：选B饥饿是人们寻找食物从而存活下来的“动力(motivation)”，由此可判断选B项。8A.useful BstressfulCharmful Dhopeful解析：选A由“I also bring benefits as well”可知，怪物认为它也有“用处(useful)”。9A.difficulty Bthe
46、oryCtruth Dbelief解析：选C根据语境可判断此处指“the monster of hunger”也有其自己的作用这一“真相(truth)”。10A.refuses BwantsCasks Dpretends解析：选B根据语境可判断此处意为：没人“想(want)”受苦。11A.ugly BstupidCworthless Dembarrassing解析：选C给人带来痛苦的东西是“没有价值的(worthless)”，故她要杀它。12A.defended BwaitedCapplied Dcalled解析：选A由其后面的讲话可判断它是在给自己“辩护(defend)”。13A.grow
47、BthinkCtry Dlearn解析：选D由下文“but you learned”及“This learning”的提示可判断选D项。14A.disease BheatCwound Dincident解析：选B由“put your hand too close to a fire”可判断选B项。15A.experience BeffortCfailure Djourney解析：选A由上下文语境可判断此处指将手靠近火而后又将手收回这一“经历(experience)”，故选A项。16A.improve BacceptCrisk Dsave解析：选D由“This learning has prot
48、ected you”可判断与“protected”匹配的应该是“拯救(save)”生命。17A.tolerate BavoidCovercome Dreduce解析：选B知道靠近火会痛以后就知道不要将手靠近火，从而能“避免(avoid)”疼痛，由此语境可判断选B项。18A.escape BhearCbenefit Dsuffer解析：选Csuffering也有用，如果你能从中“受益(benefit)”的话，它们也有其作用。19A.see BdoCexpress Dbelieve解析：选A怪物看似没有价值，但其实有用，关键是你怎么样“看待(see)”它。20A.bring BsuggestCda
49、mage Dchange解析：选D由最后一句可判断，此处表示过去的经历可以“改变(change)”我们现在所做的事。.短文改错During my second month of nursing school, our professor gave us the quiz.I didnt think the question were difficult until I read the last one, “What is the name of the woman who clean the school？” I wasnt a careful person and I was not in
50、teresting in such a thing.I had seen the woman cleaning the school several times.She was tall, darkhaired or in her 50s, but how could I know your name? I handed in my paper, leaving the last question blank.Before the class was ended, one student asked if the last question would count.“Certain，” said the professor, “In your careers you will meet much people.All are very important.They should be respected you.”答案：第一句：thea第二句：questionquestions; cleancleans第三句：interestinginterested第五句：orand; yourher第七句：去掉was第八句：CertainCertainly; muchmany第十句：you前加by